...An Analysis on the Speech Contestants’ Arguments in English Celebration Week Octaviyani Raharja 1213009001 Abstract Nowadays, many universities hold speech contest to facilitate their students in improving their communicative skills. Widya Mandala Catholic University, through English Department, holds a speech contest during the English Celebration Week event. As speech contest in common, students are required to conduct a good speech that deals with the topic given. Unfortunately, there are still some mistakes found that deal with the argument components and verbal fallacies. In figuring out a good speech, the contestants’ speeches are recorded and transcribed to be analyzed whether they have met the quality of a good speech which are: (1) includes all of the main components of argument and (2) fallacies free. Since the speech contestants are still in the first semester, they have limited knowledge on argument components and verbal fallacies. Therefore, the contestants sometimes miss the argument components and make no verbal fallacies in their speech. |Keywords: Argument, Fallacy, Verbal Fallacy, Speech, ECW Speech Contest | Introduction There are four language skills and two language components that are needed in learning foreign language, especially English. Among the four language skills, speaking has big roles in both language teaching and learning activity since it requires both communicative...
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...Rhetorical analysis, according to Susan-miller Cochran, Roy Stamper, and Stacey Cochran, is a form genre that analyze the text’s rhetoric context (30). Susan-miller Cochran, Roy Stamper, and Stacey Cochran states “In a rhetorical analysis, the writer uses rhetorical framework to understand how the context of the text help create meaning,” (30). The rhetorical framework writers use is rhetorical context that is; the author, the audience, the topic and the purpose (21,30). This is a key component in success for college because analyzing the text to understand the essential elements in the text, helps identify and “create” meaning (30). Rhetoric analysis will allow students to achieve a deeper comprehension of the text, contributing to students...
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...Thinking and Decision Making Paper Introduction In today’s world there are many different thinking styles and different ways of decision making. Thinking styles can be categorized into four groups which are scientific, persuasive, creative, and logical. Individuals use these types of thinking styles to make decisions in their professional life as well as personal. Many times the way people approach the different methods of thinking come from what they have learned when they were children. This comes from experiences in which they might have been involved or witnessed growing up. In this paper we will compare and contrast three of the four thinking styles, which will be Logic, persuasive and creative. By learning the different thinking styles people can become better at analyzing and decision making. Compare and contrast three types of thinking All three of these thinking styles have differences, similarities, and weaknesses. Creative thinkers use the left side of his or her brain, while logical thinkers developed data using the right side of his or her brain. People, by means of additional artistic mind-set as creative thinkers are said to think in on the side practices, and pay less notice to association than somebody who found decisions nearer to scientific techniques as logical thinkers that emphasis on developing information in a regulation method. Creative thinkers use perception, logic, and comprehending life surround him or her as said by dissimilar circumstances...
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...nature and reasons for our students' problems with writing persuasive researched papers. to understand how to teach students to write such papers, we also need a better understanding of the demands of synthesis tasks." The author, Margret Kantz asserts her theory for the article and the bases of her research study. That in order for students to understand how to properly research items, they must learn from the teachers. With that, the teacher must know how to teach the students this theory that Kantz found. 2) "The task of writing researched papers that express original arguments presents many difficulties." Students do not really understand how to find their research until they learn how to interpret the data. We read our studies as narratives instead of finding a firm argument/side to consider in our research paper. But, if you find data with only your side it creates a one-sided paper with no room for the reader to make an opinion. Therefore, research but be open and persuasive. 3) "To write a synthesis, Shirley may or may not need to quote, summarize, or select material from her sources; to evaluate the sources for bias, accuracy, or select material from her original ideas; or to persuade a reader." Kantz underlines what is included in synthesizing a paper. Basically it is students citing a source to understand their research better. We use the text to back up our arguments while taking a stance in this persuasive research paper. It requires citing, quote, summarizing...
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...respect teenagers and adolescents medical decisions against their best interest. He also provided few steps to help parents if their children making improperly medical decisions that would threaten their best interest. In the following critical thinking essay, it will analysis the major topic that Dr Wilkinson mentioned and provided two sides evaluations, including strengths and fallacies in the article. Analysis Main arguments Based on analyzing the major topic about “Healthy case for letting doctors judge teen’s best interests”, Dr Wilkinson believed that we should respect adolescents’ medical decisions if it towards to their best interests. On the contrast, if their final decision is deemed as wrong, then the parents should decide what is the best for their child or teenager for long-term wellbeing. Therefore, the paternalism still exists in medicine and we should resist the trend to allow them control over medical decisions if their children made wrong decisions that put threats to their healthy issues (Wilkinson, 2008). To conclusion, the main argument from Dr Wilkinson’s topic is to respect younger patients’ opinions on their best interests and the paternalism still important in medicine. Three premises In the past, minors were not allowed to making medical decisions because of their age and incompetence, which will be the main reason that related to Dr Wilkinson’s article. The parents had authority...
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...Introduction Today we are constantly surrounded by information through the media, the radio, billboards, and advertisements, and the need for critical thinking skills could not be stressed enough. Through these resources, persuasive techniques are used to convince us to share others beliefs and values, and to adopt their way of thinking. We need to develop and apply critical thinking skills in order to know what to believe when it comes to analyzing information and how to determine the relevance and importance of arguments and ideas. The need for these skills will be demonstrated through two examples, a television advertisement “Nutrisystem Fast 5 Nationwide Launch” featuring Marie Osmond and the following website www.WebMD.com Part one Advertisement When it comes to advertisements, most people don’t...
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...After writing my module 2 assessment, I realized how much I had learned about Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. I now have a good understanding of what these Rhetorical appeals mean, and how they are used effectively when writing persuasive essays. Aside from rhetorical appeals, I also learned about the misuse of logos or in other words, Logical Fallacies. Logical fallacies are when a persuasive writer uses faulty or misleading reasoning when trying to convince an audience. There are many different logical fallacies, but some of the more common ones would be hasty generalization, begging the question, stacking the evidence, and the either-or argument. Throughout this module we talked a lot about logical fallacies and how often they are used,. Prior...
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...assignment promotes the following university wide objectives: critical thinking, interpretation, higher order thinking, knowledge applied to real world scenarios, self-directed learning, active learning, analytical reasoning, interpretation and student wellness. Part 1: The Memoir Report The first half of this memoir report will concentrate on a summary of what the author has to say, and only marginally comment on your opinion of what the author says and how he/she says it. It is a factual account of the memoir’s subject matter, meant to be descriptive rather than analytical or persuasive. This report needs to be well organized, give a sense of the book as a whole, and include publication details. Structure of Part 1 ►Introduction: 5pts - Give the name of the book you have read, the author, and the publishing details. - Describe how the memoir is organized. - Describe the main thesis or argument of the memoir. ►Summary of Content: 5pts - Take each section of the memoir and summarize the important points in that section, and how it relates to the overall structure and content. - Give each section proportional weight in your summary. For example, if the book is divided into four sections of approximately equal length, you should devote the same amount of space in your summary for each section. If, however, section one is twice as long as the other three sections, you should devote more space to a discussion of this section than to the other three. Questions To Ask Yourself: ...
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...Often in rhetorical writing especially when analyzing another person’s writing one comes across disturbing facts and stories that we wish would be to good to be true. However there is no running from the facts no matter how grotesque or horrible they might be. Horrible is just one of many words to describe the subject of the paper Bob Jeffcott wrote. The subject he chose was sweatshops and slave labor, which just by hearing the subject causes many to flare up in emotion. He offers his point of view from one who doesn’t have to go see these travesties first hand but still is informed. This is more than can be said for most people since people tend to like to think about themselves most of the time and choose to shut out unpleasant realties...
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...Minimizing Interruptions Facts: Although some interruptions are signs of involvement and interest, and other s are genuine requests for information, interruptions are rarely appreciated. When you cut others off, the speaker thinks that you don’t care about their ideas or that you believe your ideas are better than theirs. When you interrupt, you may be perceived as rude, egocentric and controlling – someone who believes that what you have to say is more important than other’s ideas. Strategies on how to cut back interrupting: Count to three after the speaker seems to be finished. Concentrate on what the speaker is saying then paraphrase it back when he/she is finished. When you catch yourself interrupting, apologize and ask the speaker to continue. Ask another co-worker to count the number of times you interrupt in a day. Opportunistic Listening Look for Main and Supporting Points Sometimes it is appropriate to ask politely for the speaker’s thesis. E.g. “I’m trying to pull together what you’ve been telling me about the problems you’ve been, having meeting your quotas. Could you summarize for me?” At other times, however, it isn’t appropriate to ask the speaker outright. “Over all, then, would you say your division is losing its market share?” Take Notes You are unlikely to remember every deadline, every comment or even every topic in a meeting...
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...Decision making and Thinking is a part of our lives like breathing, people don’t stop to analyze why they use this process. People may think that thinking and decision making is a simple process, there are many styles of thinking for every issue people come across in their daily lives. The four different styles of critical thinking are creative, logical, scientific, and persuasive. The different styles of thinking are fit to the different issues and they require thought and analysis to find the best fit. The thinking styles each have a different effect on the issue, so one will need to think about this as another variable. People use the thinking styles to remember, and perceive information, and also solve problems. In this paper we will discuss the four types of Thinking and Decision making and give workplace examples for each. Scientific Thinking The style of scientific thinking has changed the world. In the field of medicine, scientists have been successful in finding cures for diseases, developing new drugs that can extend life, and treatments that can improve the quality of life have been invented through this important style of thinking. The four major steps in the scientific thinking process are observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and verification (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). Scientific Thinking Decision Making Process Observation = Identify the problem Hypothesis...
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...An Interpretation of the Pleas of Mary Fisher Mary Fisher’s speech “A Whisper of AIDS” is, for all intents and purposes, a persuasive speech. She offers no information in the speech—only commentary. She does not offer a bevy of facts or numerical figures as she orates to the crowd (presumably the Republican Party, based upon the text of the speech), and she does not cite scientific studies. She talks about her experiences as a woman with HIV, and her observations of the world as it reacts to others who are infected with HIV or AIDS. She is trying to persuade her audience to be mindful of the issue at hand, essentially. Analyzing the speech won’t be too difficult as long as we have an operative understanding as to her rhetoric, which stems from an understanding of the rhetorical modes. John Locke offered my favorite definition of rhetoric: “[Rhetoric,] that powerful instrument of error and deceit.” It is important to bear this definition in mind as we survey anything. It is, perhaps, a very cynical way to look at the world—but only in being a skeptic can one avoid misinformation. With that in mind, what are the rhetorical modes? Bill Stifler wrote the following on the subject, which sums them up very well: “Rhetorical modes are patterns of organization aimed at achieving a particular effect in the reader. Narration and Description are modes whose primary purpose is stirring the reader's emotions. Process, Cause/Effect, Comparison/Contrast, Illustration, Definition, and...
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...Nothing to Hide Solove effectively convinces the audience that the “nothing-to-hide” argument does not adequately cover all of the problems that arise from government information gathering and surveillance. He builds his ethos as a moral and credible writer by demonstrating his scholarly credibility and expertise, as well as establishing his logos by presenting the audience with logical arguments and conclusions, and finally developing his pathos through the use of dramatic and emotional language in order to appeal to the audience’s emotions. Solove focuses on building ethos and creates an ethical appeal to...
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...12 Angry Men Film Analysis 25 October 2010 Film Analysis The film, 12 Angry Men (1957), is a drama about a jury that was to decide the fate of a teenaged boy who was facing the electric chair for supposedly killing his father with a switchblade knife. The twelve men were locked into a small, claustrophobic jury room on an unbearably hot summer day until they came up with a unanimous decision - either guilty or not guilty. Over the course of the film the votes went from eleven guilty and one not, to a unanimous vote of ‘not guilty’. The movie provides many examples of persuasive speaking, group communication and conflict, and different communication climates. In the movie Henry Fonda’s character made good use of his persuasive speaking skills. He personally had nothing to gain from either verdict, but found the ease with which the others were willing to sentence a young man to death disconcerting. He was firm, but not confrontational when he gave his reasons for voting not guilty. He simply said that he was not convinced ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ that the boy had committed the crime and asked that they review the evidence. With each piece of cosmetically ‘concrete’ evidence he discredited, he slowly placed doubt within the minds of his fellow jurors. He never out-right said he thought that the defendant was innocent, only that he believed there to be some doubt as to the certainty of his guilt. “It's always difficult to keep personal prejudice out of a thing like this...
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...vegetables with less meat is not going to get the job done. If humanity continues the track we’re currently headed down now, by 2050 greenhouse gases will have skyrocketed. These claims summarize the cogent arguments George C. Wang made in the article “Go vegan, save the planet.” He presents claims of fact. He argues debatable climate change evidence that will cause the reader to provide factual evidence to verify the argument. He uses statistical evidence to support his pro-veganism argument, “A large amount of methane and nitrous oxide, gases that are more than 20 times and 250 times more powerful than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas, are generated through livestock-raising activities.”...
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