...ESSAY “IDEOLOGY OF NOVITAS” OF CATO THE ELDER AND GAIUS MARIUS The ancient Romans valued military and political achievement above all else, their customs, traditions and reference of ancestors revolved around it. All men strife to be worthy of their country and family in military and political accomplishment, the power of these achievement not only illuminated the individual, but reflected glory upon descendants. The Romans were govern by the ruling patrician class of nobles, who occupied much of the senate. In exceptional circumstances, there were men of outstanding reputation, military and political achievement who were elected by the people to join the ruling class, this men were known as ‘novus homo’ or new men. This men were the first in their family to rise to high office, through their own effort, therefore ennobled their family forever. Patronage with successful and powerful families and alliances through marriage is essential for this new men. The Romans were in the habits of describing new men, they look up to them. Cato the elder and Gaius Marius were an ambitious ‘novus homo’. Both were born into plebeian’s family with no distinction. They rose to high office through their obvious talents such as strength of characters, discipline, an effective orator, possess great endurance, fearlessness, frugal, hard worker, opponent of the senate in the interest of the common people, formidable general and eagerness to prove themselves worthy. Both were loved by the common...
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...Chariot racing plays an important role in sports history. It was one of the most popular and influential sports in ancient history. The sport has many claimed origins and thrived during the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Empires. The sport that started out so simple evolved as it moved from one era to the next, gaining more importance at every advancement. It was an extremely dangerous sport, as drivers frequently suffered gruesome injuries and unfortunate deaths. Chariot racing teams, or factions, had a very strong fan base. These factions drew tons of spectator support, which would lead to many conflicts between differing factions. These conflicts were politicized, affecting both society and their respective empire. Roman and Byzantine emperors eventually took control of these factions and had their officials running them, placing even more importance on the sport. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, chariot racing only survived in the east, the Byzantine Empire. These Roman factions transitioned with the sport, which played an important role in the history of Byzantium. These factions had an even stronger social and political influence, and in the end, played a role in the demise of its own sport, along with the eventual demise of an empire. The origin of Chariot Racing is an unknown commodity. The first known reference to the sport was by Homer at a funeral for Patroclus where he claimed they raced only one lap around a tree. According to a legend, chariot racing founded...
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...Leaders are able to make tough decisions even under pressure. They lead their kingdoms to a great future and are strong even when they are in tough situations. Ancient Egyptian history had over 170 Pharaohs, and each Pharaoh was either skilled in war tactics or architecture, but never both. This changed when Ramses the Great came to power. Ramses II was immensely popular; statues were created all around Egypt to honor him. Ramses II even had a library in a temple he made, the Ramesseum, which had over 10,000 papyruses about how great he was. During Ramses II reign Ramses got his drive from Egyptian Religion. He wanted to be known as a God King so he created many magnificent temples and statues of the Gods, his family and himself in order to...
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...Indus Valley Civilization – The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BC; mature period 2600–1900 BC) extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the Old World, and of the three the most widespread. It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, one of the major rivers of Asia, and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which once coursed through northwest India and eastern Pakistan. The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan. A uniform culture had developed at settlements spread across nearly 500,000 square miles, including parts of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Baluchistan, Sindh and the Makran coast. It was a highly developed civilization and derived its name from the main river of that region— Indus. |Year |Site |Discovered by | |1920 |Harappa |Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni | |1922 |Mohenjodaro |R. D. Banerjee | |1927 |Sutkagen dor |R. L. Staine ...
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...Name Instructor Course Date Ancient History The Funeral Oration This was a yearly occasion given to celebrate those who had kicked the bucket during the time in the administration of the Athenian military. According to Thucydides, the funeral oration expressed that democracy makes it for individuals to better themselves through merit instead of class or money. Pericles underlined the power of the people of Athens and particularly their ability to work amongst themselves for the improvement of the city by putting away their personal interests. He spoke about how the Athens city people worked for the betterment of the city, not due to force, but because of their true will. The funeral oration gives a mention about the Athenians where it talks about their willingness to give instead of receiving. Despite the fact that excluded with Thucydides' interpretation of Pericles' particular discourse, a rundown of all the fallen was typically recounted as a part of the discourse and the assemblages of the fallen were cleaned and put in plain view around a monstrous dedication to fallen Athenians before internment (Macve 130). Despite the fact that most of a sorrowful or deploring discourse, Pericles thought outside the box and endeavored to utilize the discourse to win the great graces of the general population by advancing his qualities and those of Athenian culture, tucked in the middle of his remembrance of the fighters and corruption of his adversaries. The move worked after...
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...Topic 5 Objectives 1) Ancient people were aware of numerous different kinds of matter. The two major forms of matter that they dealt with were “metals” and “earths.” a. Metals: Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Lead and Tin i. Used for weapons, etc b. Earths: Clay, mud, Sand, Silt, Loam, Ash i. Used for pottery, melted sand to make glass, used stone to make appliances ii. Woods used as well as fibers (clothing) 2) Development of Elements: a. Matter is one basic substance i. Thales – water basic element, found as gas, solid and liquid ii. Animaxander – all matter is from one “boundless thing”, determined by the qualities hot/cold, dry/wet iii. Anaximenes – Air is the one basic substance iv. Empedocles – Earth, water, fire, air b. Wood reveals composition of matter when it burns – matter is a combination of two or more elements – fire issues from it, water hisses from it, air (smoke) is produced from it, earth (ashes) remain behind c. Four elements, four qualities – air, fire, water, earth – cold/hot, dry/wet d. Elements can change state to another element – they are interchangeable ( i.e., water becomes air when it evaporates 3) Alchemists vs Chemists a. Similarities: concerned with composition, form and properties of materials; studies combine theoretical outlook with experimental curiosity; looking...
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...first productive force”. Technology affects people’s daily life, with the innovation of technology, the world developed rapidly in recent centuries. Image that if our forefathers do not create new technology, how our life will be today; we will not have lots kind of food like today; we will not have vehicles such as car, train, aircraft, and we will not have so many high buildings to live. In this class, we learnt a lot of historical events before 1500 AD. In ancient time, there is no advanced technology in the world; our ancestors can merely use their hands to change the nature. Gradually, they find some regularity in the world, such as round objects can move much easier than other shape; then they use their intelligence create lots of new technologies, and innovate the technologies as needed. In this paper, I will talk about five great inventions which affect the world significantly; they are wheel, water wheel, compass, paper, and plow. The invention of the wheel is one of the most important inventions in the ancient time. Without the wheel, the world would not develop so fast. According to the existing data, the wheel is invented by the Mesopotamian in about 2500 BC ("The invention of," 2010). The development of wheel has 6 stages, starting from rolling cylinder, moving to two wheels connect with axles by spokes (Bellis, 2012). At the beginning, people realized that round objects are easier to move than other shape; then they find a way of moving heavy objects, which is...
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...China is one of the oldest civilizations,dating back thousand of years with continuous history. The first period in ancient China was the neolithic period followed by the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou. The Yangtze River considered to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. Ancient historical text have provided some proof of the possible existence of the Xia Dynasty that existed even before the Shang Dynasty of 1700-1046 B.C. The last time period considered to be included in the Ancient China time period was the Eastern Zhou. Imperial China followed Ancient China beginning with the Qin Dynasty. The Xia Dynasty ruled from the 21st to the 17th century B.C. The Shang Dynasty ruled from the 17th century to 1046 B.C. They ruled a lot of the area along the Yellow River. It’s founder w2as Tang. The Zhou ruled from 1046 to 256 B.C. This was the longest ruling dynasty in China’s history. The Western Zhou, the first part of the Zhou Dynasty ruled from 1046 to 771 B.C. Its founder was King Wu. The eastern Zhou, the second of the Zhou Dynasty ruled from 770 to 256 B.C. The Peking Man that was discovered in 1923 is the most famous Homo erectus specimen of Paleolithic man in Ancient China. By Shang times, the Chinese had developed complex religious beliefs many of which continued to be practiced for...
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...a common understanding that strong, effective leadership is essential in their success as an organization (“Leaders Are Made,” 2008). The performance of a company often rides on the many decisions the higher management or company leaders make. Company leaders, for example the chief executive officer, make crucial decisions that determines the direction the company is heading towards, whether resulting in its success or towards its demise. Hence strong leadership is often seen as a key, highly sought after asset in many corporations. Likewise, in ancient times, people have been in awe and in fear of certain great leaders. One good example would be Alexander the Great. He was the most celebrated member in his dynasty and created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Armed with a brilliant mind, he was undefeated in battle with his usage of superior tactics. Indeed, he was one of the most feared and respected leaders in history. The basic principles of leadership have been until recent times, discussed by many, but received no formal agreement on definition (Radman, 2007). Much focus has been placed on the leader’s personal characteristics of traits in the past to comprehend leadership success. Samson and Daft (2009, p. 557) define traits as “the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, values and appearance”. The early findings emphasized on leaders who had achieved a level of success and hence, the findings were coined the Great Man...
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...YEAR 10 RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ASSESSMENT TASK ANCIENT RELIGIONS Religions of Ancient Mesopotamia George Pauls 10K Ms. Delalande (Note: Ms Delanlande instructed that essay format was permitted and an extension was granted in regards to my absence.) George Pauls 10K Year 10 Religious Education Assessment Task Ancient Religions – Religions of Ancient Mesopotamia Many religions around the world in modern time are still believed and followed by a large portion of the world’s population with the predominant religions being Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Many Religions have simply come to a halt and ceased to be believed and followed such as the religions in Ancient Egypt and Ancients Greece. One of the lesser known and arguably the oldest ancient religion of our world was the ancient religion on Mesopotamia, which did follow some key concepts from the other foreign ancient religions in which there were multiple gods, goddesses and other deities and supreme beings. It is believed to have originated over fifty centuries ago. Mesopotamia is known more commonly known as Iraq, situated within the Middle East. The religion of Ancient Mesopotamia consists of numerous components. The God Anu (Below) The God Anu (Below) The Mesopotamian religion was followed by Sumerians and Akkadians (Assyrians/Babylonians) who lived in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamian religion was basically perceived as a form of paganism with over 2100 deities which associated with a specific region, city or state within...
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... HST 103 ID: 14209010 NAME: JANNAT ARA HOQUE DEPARTMENT: S.O.L SUBMITTED TO: Professor Afsan Chowdhury SUBMITTED ON: 12/04/15 History of furniture and its evolution in Bangladesh At present furniture is a part and parcel of our day to day life. A person cannot even think of a house, office or a business firm without furniture. Every person rich or poor has furniture in his house with accordance to his financial conditions. But people of the late Permian period (260-245) million years ago, Triassic period (245-2080 million years age, Jurassic period (208-140) million years ago didn’t even think of something called furniture. The eve of using furniture started with the advent of the Neolithic age when people started to make their lives comfortable and started agriculture. Though food, clothing, and forming family were major issues but furniture also became the need of people. People needed a place to sleep and the concept of making bed started,. They needed place to sit and so they started making chairs. They needed a place to eat together so they made dinning tables. Then with the change of time furniture also changed and people started to make furniture modernized. Furniture changes with society Furniture has a strong connection with society. Soon after the evolution of history people were divided in various classes. The two main classes were the ruler and the ruled or the rich and the poor. These class variations also bought variations...
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...The Numerical Impact & History Of A Materialistic Society University Author Note Abstract This paper utilizes four published research articles and six online renowned articles that contain relevant information and reports on how various materialistic spending and reasoning has impacted numerous societies over different times in history. The piece will compare and contrast the benefits of unnecessary spending on an economy as well as one’s state of mind. It’ll also delve in to the common practice of obtaining material for impression purposes and the benefits or lack thereof of doing so. The paper will also draw common correlation between jewelry and society all over history to modern daytime to find the more significant aspect to a society between living and impression. Centuries of historical documents suggest that a materialistic society causes a population to be more unhappy, divided and non-beneficial because of its emphasis on overvaluing items in the process of finding happiness. The emphasis on earning our peers acceptance through materials would lead us to achieve further happiness but statistics prove other wise. In ancient Rome, Asia and Africa along with medieval Europe there has been recorded history of how excess goods and jewelry were used to accentuate their self-importance and status to others. In modern time we find ourselves shopping, adding unnecessary expenses to our lives during the holiday seasons to reach a level of acceptance...
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...of the countries she lives in. The novella is in the genre of comedy and tragedy of manners.Among all the symbols of the story the ones that impressed me a lot where the chosen locations for the actions to take place, the combinations of old and new and also the name selection of the main characterThe locations of the novel were not chosen advisedly though it is not mentioned in the novella. The author wants to bring out the argument that new is not always perceived. The author of “Daisy Miller” Henry James wants to remind us of romantic stories that happened in the locations and also the history of the old countries and buildings where the actions of the novella take place, but he does it implicitly. For example, the places where Miss Miller and her family lived in: Rome and Geneve, the coliseum where Daisy’s encounter with Mr. Winterbourne takes place. All these places contain a huge history and different love stories which are somehow thematically and secretly connected to “Daisy Miller”. I would like to mention also the name selection for the main character Daisy Miller whose real name is Annie P. Miller. The most interesting thing is that many people even will not think that there is a connection of Daisy’s name with the flower called Daisy not verbally but the characteristics of the flower match the characteristics and the destiny of the main character Daisy Miller. Firstly,the chosen locations for the actions to take place are both one of the oldest cities in the...
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...Poo Randomness means lack of pattern or predictability in events.[1] Randomness suggests a non-order or non-coherence in a sequence of symbols or steps, such that there is no intelligible pattern or combination. Applied usage in science, mathematics and statistics recognizes a lack of predictability when referring to randomness, but admits regularities in the occurrences of events whose outcomes are not certain. For example, when throwing two dice and counting the total, we can say that a sum of 7 will randomly occur twice as often as 4. This view, where randomness simply refers to situations where the certainty of the outcome is at issue, applies to concepts of chance, probability, and information entropy. In these situations, randomness implies a measure of uncertainty, and notions of haphazardness are irrelevant. The fields of mathematics, probability, and statistics use formal definitions of randomness. In statistics, a random variable is an assignment of a numerical value to each possible outcome of an event space. This association facilitates the identification and the calculation of probabilities of the events. A random process is a sequence of random variables describing a process whose outcomes do not follow a deterministic pattern, but follow an evolution described by probability distributions. These and other constructs are extremely useful in probability theory. Randomness is often used in statistics to signify well-defined statistical properties. Monte Carlo methods...
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...Through the study of the ancient world, archaeologists have discovered an substantial amount of women statuettes. Because of their discoveries, women of the ancient times are known to have held a certain level of importance to those of that time. A common statuette, said to be created around 25,000-20,000 B.C.E., is the Venus of Willendorf. One key feature of The Venus of Willendorf is it bulky size. Presenting the idea of an overweight woman she is thought to represent to natives of that time, who were believe to be overweight due to the harsh cold weather of that environment. Another key characteristic of The Venus of Willendorf was her exaggerated sexual private parts. The statue exemplifies her breasts, buttocks and stomach which insinuates thoughts of a pregnant women. Archaeologists and other specialist in this field can only speculate what the cause of this statue and many other artifacts of the ancient world were created to signify. But through research of this particular time in history, many believe the ancient cultures new way of life through farming and the production of food caused them to have a deep respect for life-giving powers. The Venus of Willendorf and other statuettes are thought to have been created to celebrate fertility. Fertility was essential to their culture. Fertility was not only important in the production of food needed to survive but also, and in a larger measure, to the production of children needed to keep their culture and enlarge communities...
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