...Running Head: ANNA FREUD Anna Freud Anna Freud Selecting a woman that made significant contributions to the field of psychology between the years 1850 and 1950 is not an easy task as there is more than one woman who made significant contributions to the field of Psychology. Out of those talented women Anna Freud, overshadows her colleagues. Anna can be considered to have a fascinating background, which influenced her later development of unique theoretical perspectives. Her father, Sigmund Freud famous for his multiple theories about the mind he is regarded as the founder of psychology probably influenced her following his footsteps and being interested in psychoanalysis, in particular, in child psychoanalysis. However, her recognition as the founder of child psychoanalysis was not just given to her for being her father's daughter. Anna Freud earned it by contributing to the field of Psychology with the many roles she played in her career as teacher, theorist, healer, leader, idealist and writer (Coles, 1992). Anna's contributions to psychology not only help to contribute to the development of psychology but helped improve many lives. Anna Freud was born in Vienna December 3, 1895 her parents Sigmund and Martha Freud. Her father considered her a blessing; conversely, she did not develop a close relationship with her mother it appears that she considered her nanny a genuine figure in her childhood. Anna considered she was boring and did not get along with her siblings;...
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...Anna Freud Kim Debyah PSY100 08/27/13 Anna Freud, the founder of child psychoanalysis, was most noted for her work with children and the concept of children undergoing analysis began her career under her father’s wing. She grew up in the household of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychology. Under his wing she grew a deep attachment and love for him and the field of psychoanalysis. Most of her life was dedicated to her father and his work, where he left off she picked up and made it her own and child analysis her specialty. Anna never married nor had children. She was her father’s constant companion, his colleague, and his nurse during the final years of his life. After her father’s death her career flourished. She published several books and journals of her own and continued some of her father’s work. She more or less followed her father’s strict rules as she was taught but expanding where he didn’t have the opportunity. Anna, the youngest of Sigmund Freud’s six children and the only one who became a psychoanalyst, was born in Vienna December 3, 1895. Freud’s mother was more attached to the other children which left Anna with her father most of the time. Even right after her birth her mother went on vacation for several months leaving not only Anna in the sole care of the nanny Josefine Chihlarz but the two other young siblings. Anna was extremely attached to Josefine and was quoted saying she was ‘the most genuine of my childhood” (Freud, 1991)...
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...Born on December 3, 1895, Anna Freud was the youngest daughter of Sigmund and Martha Freud’s six children. As a young girl, Anna was always fighting for Martha's attention. Constantly in the shadows of older sister Sophie’s beauty, Anna learned to loath Sophie and Martha and took to her father. Anna was continuously reading the works of Sigmund and became instantly interested in psychoanalysis. As Anna grew, she began to work with Sigmund exploring the idea of psychoanalysis and together they turned it into one of the most widely used methods of psychology. The mutual interest in psychoanalysis brought father and daughter together and formed a close bond between them. Sigmund stated in his book “The Interpretation of Dreams” that, “Annerl had a masculine appetite and aggression, and is beautiful with naughtiness” (Hernandaz, 2008). When Anna was around seventeen years old, she took a two year vacation in which she stayed in Vienna with her grandmother. At the time, Anna was suffering from an illness that was then called, “it”, but can be safely labeled as depression (Hernandaz, 2008). While on vacation, Sigmund wrote to his daughter often and offered advice on how to overcome the “it” she was suffering from. Half way through the vacation however, Anna received a letter from Sigmund stating she was not invited to her sister Sophie’s wedding and subsequently, Anna was once again overtaken with depression. After her two year stay in Vienna, Anna, "...worked as an elementary school...
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...these women, who I find to be interesting Anna Freud, she was the creator of child psychoanalysis, Anna also completed the work which was a contribution of child psychology and also an understanding. Anna Freud, born on December 3, 1895, and her parents were Sigmund and Martha Freud. Anna had five brothers and sisters in which she was the youngest of the siblings. Anna’s relationship with her father was close, but with her mother and five siblings her relationship was tense. Anna attended a private school; she decided she was learning in that type of setting. Most of Anna’s education was from her father and his friends (http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_annafreud.htm). Anna began working as an elementary teacher, after completing High School. Anna also translating her father’s work into German, she became interested, “ in child psychology and psychoanalysis” (http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio anna freud.htm). Anna’s hard work was influenced by work her father did, but the field of child psychoanalysis was created by Anna. Anna started her psychoanalytic practice the year of 1923, which was located in Province of Vienna, Austria. Later on Anna Freud served, “ chair of the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society.” Anna had a large influence on Erik Erikson, during the time she had spent in Vienna. Erik Erikson expanded on the field of ego psychology and psychoanalysis. Anna fled to London with her father, shortly after...
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...contributions to the field like; Freud and Skinner to name a few come to mind, one thinks of those men who made a important finding about psychology, nonetheless those names hold great meaning to the field, but along the way there have been several influential women who have also made such great contributions to the field, may who have been theorist, pioneers and counselors. Among some of these women there is a name that stands out the most, her name is Anna Freud. This paper will discuss Anna Freud’s background, her theoretical perspective and the contributions she was able to provide to the field of psychology. Anna Freud was born on Vienna, Austria on December 3, 1895, the youngest of six children of Sigmund Freud and Martha Freud. Anna Freud had a special bond with her father, more than with her mother or any siblings; she started reading her father’s work at the age of 15. Her relationship with her siblings wasn’t quite the best; in fact Anna refers to her 2 years older sister Sophie as her rival. Anna felt relieved when Sophie went out and got marry, as the relationship wouldn’t be as competitive as it had been most of their lives. Anna gained a special interest in the field of psychology such as her father and in a time were men had made significant contributions to the field of psychology, then comes a little a girl who since a very early age learned to speak 5 different languages; German, Italian, Hebrew, English and French. At the age of 19 Anna graduated from he Cottage...
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...resilient and facilitate emotional literacy and more importantly are able to communicate in a healthier way (BAPT, 2008). “It is an effective therapy that helps children modify their behaviors, clarify their self-concept and build healthy relationships. Theories and practices surrounding play differ within each Child Psychotherapy tradition. However, each tradition is connected by the central proposition that play transmits and communicates the child’s experiences, desires, thoughts and emotions” (2008) Important Contributors There have been many important contributors to the use of Play Therapy. Play therapy by no means is new; in 1909 Sigmund Freud used it in his landmark case where he worked with a five year boy who became known as “little Hans”. Little Hans had been demonstrating phobic symptoms (Pehrsson 2007) and Freud believed that through the use of play during therapy he could understand children better just by merely observing them (Getz 2011). Later one of Freud’s student Melanie Klein also used play in...
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...Teresa Durstine PSYC 250 – DOL 1 Professor Stone October 28, 2013 Beyond Biography A person’s character and personality will leave a great impression on others. Although some of these impressions are positive ones; however, others may be negative. A person’s childhood will often have a great influence on a person’s personality and character. An individual’s identity will be a reflection of their religious beliefs, ethnic background, gender, as well as their birth order. All of these will aid in the development of their own uniqueness. In a sense, we become a product of our childhood, or our up-bringing. The first theorist is Alfred Alder, he was the younger of two siblings and this made him become competitive. Whereas, his is older brother, Sigmund was very healthy, robust, and full of energy; Alfred suffered from poor health and required extra attention during his childhood. Alfred developed a combative side, and he would often challenge authority. He also strived for superiority over Sigmund. Because his older brother was domineering, competent, and intelligence, Alfred always felt inferior to him. This would cause Alfred to feel like he was the underdog, who was constantly competing against a very powerful foe. All this aided in Alfred developing a fierce rivalry against his brother Sigmund. When Alfred was just five years old, he almost died from pneumonia. Young Alfred went skating with an older boy who abandoned him on the freezing, ice cold skating...
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...Klein vs. Erikson Debate Jamie Salas, Jessica Borrero, Melondy Moore, Reshunna Robbins, Roxanne Luck, Shayna Parks 6/29/15 PSY-405 Patti Toler Roxanne - In this debate we are going to argue the applications of Melanie Klein’s Objection Relations Theory and Erik Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory in regards to their describing of individual personality characteristics along with interpersonal relations. Team Klein will begin the debate: Jessica - On the positive aspects of Klein’s object theory on individual personality characteristics is how an infant’s experience can shape their future personality. One is the object of the breast, which later perceives total control and this drives satisfaction called the id. According to Burch (1988), “Good experiences or phantasies of the breast are split off from bad ones and internalized”. These experiences help shape the relationship with others in adulthood. Interpersonal relations with the object of the breast create love, comfort and gratification towards the mother, and others. A tendency to relate these feeling with others can create a good structure of positive relationships and fantasy-like quality of life. Team Erikson will now oppose: Melondy - Klein did face some criticism from others about her theory and the techniques that she used. She started her study by working with children but found out that this technique had its downfalls due to the fact that the children were...
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...Anna Karenina and Madame Bovary are two novels written in two different languages, around the same time period (late 1800s). Though they belong to two separate countries and are separated in history by a margin of about twenty five years, their socio political setting, and situational complexities are quite similar. ‘Madam Bovary’ takes us on a journey through the life of the extremely complex character of Emma Bovary, who has adulterous affairs and lives beyond her means in order to escape the banalities and emptiness of provincial life. Raised in a convent, a lover of sensuality, desirous of an expensive urban lifestyle yet not very smart about money, it is this dichotomy of traits that keeps Emma careening from one radically different situation to the next: first falling hard for her father's roving rural doctor Charles Bovary, thinking that their marriage will finally bring her the sophisticated Paris life full of passion and grandeur she's always dreamed of; but instead getting stuck in a provincial town where nothing ever happens and trying and failing at a domestic life. This leads to a hot-and-cold emotional affair with a young law student named Leon, followed by a much more serious affair with a major womanizer named Rodolphe. An unceremonial dumping by Rodolphe after she offers to leave her husband for him and bring her daughter along leads to a short period again in her life as a pious born-again Christian. A reacquaintance with Leon, the now successful young urban...
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...Anna Karenina Anna Karenina is a novel by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. It was born in the society where capitalism was developing and shifted from the old society to the new one in the late-19th-century feudal Russia, but the society wasn’t out of the shackles of feudalistic ideas. It describes the tragic story that the noble married woman called Anna fell in love with a young man, who is also an aristocrat in the aristocracy, and finally they break up and Anna kills herself. Tolstoy's style in Anna Karenina is considered by many critics to be transitional, forming a bridge between the realist and modernist novel. Anna married socialite and but she has affair with the affluent Count Vronsky. The story opens when she arrives in the midst of a family broken up by her brother's unbridled womanizing—something that prefigures her own later situation, though she would experience less tolerance by others. Vronsky is eager to marry her if she will agree to leave her husband Karenin, a senior government official, but she is vulnerable to the pressures of Russian social norms, the moral laws of the Russian Orthodox Church, her own insecurities, and Karenin's indecision. Although Vronsky and Anna go to Italy, where they can be together, they have trouble making friends. Back in Russia, she is shunned, becoming further isolated and anxious, while Vronsky pursues his social life. Despite Vronsky's reassurances, she grows increasingly possessive and paranoid about his imagined infidelity...
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...brought by reality does not impact any of it. In “The Lady with The Little Dog” by Anton Chekhov, the extramarital love between Gurov and Anna is exhibited by the transformation of Gurov in terms of his perspective about women and about life. In the very beginning, Anna is described as “nobody knew who she was, and they called her simply ‘the lady with the little dog’”(361). This is, when Gurov is still a chauvinistic man who has been trapped in a loveless marriage for years. It may disgust the reader when it is indicated that he is an experienced seducer. His affairs always end badly, but he cannot resist starting new ones. His doomed adulteries have made him cynical and bitter. Gurov is unfavorablely characterized with manipulation, misogyny, and immorality, and yet Chekhov refuses to simplify his protagonist as a stock villain. Gurov is a creature of contradiction. For example, his way of belittling women, indicated by “almost always spoke ill of women”, “an inferior race”(362), accompanies an inexorable preference for their company. Gurov can never foresee that his encounter with Anna will change his life, neither can the reader. As shown in the later section, Gurov does not regard Anna as the “the lady with the little dog” anymore. His intense feelings toward her do not allow him to. Even after Gurov’s first brief encounter with Anna he seems to realize that there is more to her than meets the eye, “something pathetic about her,...
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...Melissa Learish Mrs. Rutt-Houser AP Senior English: Period 2 14 April 2015 The Devil [and I] Wears Prada It is every girl’s dream to graduate college, move to the big city, and risk everything in order to fulfill their dream. In fields such as writing, publishing, and editing, one must be willing to start from the bottom in order to claw their way to the top. One must take any job available to them that will potentially create powerful connections to help pursue their goals. Andrea Sachs is no exception. Fresh out of college, she acquires a job in New York City that every person trying to break in to the fashion industry would die to have: junior personal assistant to the editor in chief of Runway magazine, Miranda Priestly. Ironically enough, Miranda is anything but “priest”-ly. She takes advantage of Andrea, forcing her to complete humiliating, impossible tasks for her. To make matters worse, Andrea does not exactly fit the image of someone working at Runway magazine in terms of her mentality and her physical appearance. Awkward, a size six (practically obese in her line of work), and at the bottom of the corporate food chain, she is less than thrilled to be put into this position. However, she keeps her goal in mind, and this encourages her to put on a happy face as she absorbs the torment she receives from her colleagues. Outside of the office, Andrea lives with her boyfriend. The stress of Andrea (Andy)’s job takes its toll on their relationship...
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...Anna Wintour ”To be in ’Vogue’ has to mean something. It’s an endorsement. It’s a validation” These words were spoken by the one and only Anna Wintour, and she truly spoke the truth. The English Anna Wintour have since 1983 taken over the American Vogue, and surely has with her bob hair and sun glasses made an impression in the fashion industry. Ever since she was a child, it seemed as if she was destined to become a part of the magazine industry. Her family, her career building, and everything else surrounding her life, such as connections pointed out her future in fashion very clearly. Her work in Vogue became highly famous after her first issue as an editor in chief, her motto at that, and to this day is “A fashion magazine is about change”, and surely she proved her point, by using models that weren’t skinny, but were healthy. She made the cover wear a pair of $50 jeans, instead of an expensive designer gown, and it was a success. However living your dream isn’t always a treat. Anna Wintour had to deal with a lot of criticism; most of the criticism was pointed towards her personality. Many had described Wintour as ruthless and rude. Many workers at Vogue and former assistants in particular had spoken about Wintour being superior to all, and that even the slightest contact with her, was a mistake. But not only was it her personality that bothered many, but also her choice of wardrobe. The animal’s rights organizations such as PETA had been having a lot of issues...
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...] [he] repented only that he had not managed to conceal things better from her. [...] Perhaps he would have managed to hide his sins better from his wife had he anticipated that the news would have such an effect on her. [...] It even seemed to him that she, a worn-out, aged, no longer beautiful woman, not remarkable for anything, simple, merely a kind mother of a family, ought in all fairness to be indulgent” (3). Overall, Stiva is only sorry he got caught, since he’s still handsome and claims that he lost interest in his wife, who aged upon the bearing of multiple children. Furthermore, Stiva feels that he has the right to an affair and is surprised that Dolly’s upset about it. Example: Vronsky is being teased by Princess Betsy about Anna. When Vronsky talks to Princess Betsy at the Opera House about being afraid of becoming ridiculous, “He knew very well that in the eyes of Betsy and all society people he ran no risk of being ridiculous. He knew very well that for those people the role of the unhappy lover of a young girl, or of a free woman generally, might be ridiculous; but the role of a man who attached himself to a married woman and devoted his life to involving her in adultery at all cost, had something beautiful and grand about it and could never be ridiculous” (128). Society acknowledges Example: Oblonsky visits Levin and they have dinner after doing some shooting. By the end of dinner, it is evident that Oblonsky has been participating in sexual activities with...
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...The Nazi presence in Italy was the main focus of the film following a priest helping the fiance of a resistance member who has been abducted. The film came as a shock to me. I was unaware of the effects that left Rome in ruins during the immediate aftermath of World War II. A film produced based on serendipity, Rome Open City by Janus FIlms, was the film of it’s generation a unique masterpiece featuring a story of an atypical storyline in Rome, Italy. After the abolition of Rome by the Americas in 1944, this film was published to set the tone for the Italian film industry, that since “the so-called Italian cinema was invented by the fascists,” it had to be suppressed. The story of Teresa Gullace, who was an Italian woman killed by the Germans in front of the barracks on viale Giulio Cesare, who was the inspiration of a famous scene of the death of Pina. Gullace was killed while running after her fiance, who was being abducted. In 1945, the time period of the film, the war was still going on in the rest of Italy. The film is divided up into two seperate parts the first half more focused on the lives of daily resistance fighters living in Rome, Italy. Before the war, Rome was classified as an “Open City” meaning that the population of Romans were able to wonder the streets without fear of the city being attacked or being killed while on a strole. When the Nazi’s moved in, they enforced a curfew, food rations and they were looking for those working for the resistance and will do...
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