...Standardized Testing and Its Effects: An Annotated Bibliography The first standardized test was administered by Horace Mann in the nineteenth century as as a result of the concern with the educational reform in America (Gallagher, 2003). Although the students’ results were disappointing, this lead to the movement of using standardized tests throughout curriculum. In spite of the controversy, the popularity of this form of testing has increased greatly over time. The debate on standardized tests has been an ongoing issue throughout history. While some believe that these tests are an unjust, incorrect way to measure intelligence, others suggest that standardized testing is a vital part of the educational process. In order to gather an unbiased...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Social Issues Human Trafficking Annotated Bibliography In: Social Issues Human Trafficking Annotated Bibliography Human trafficking An annotated bibliography Web Links Anti-Slavery International http://www.antislavery.org/ Anti-Slavery International's Trafficking Programme comprises three elements: campaigning to end human trafficking, lobbying for victim protection, and research on measures governments take to protect victims of trafficking, especially those who act as witnesses. The web site provides information about both current and historical slavery operations. The UN Global Programme Against Trafficking in Human Beings The Global Programme against Trafficking in Human Beings (GPAT) assists Member States in their efforts to combat trafficking in human beings. It highlights the involvement of organized criminal groups in human trafficking and promotes the development of effective ways of cracking down on perpetrators. The GPAT's' overarching objective is to bring to the foreground the involvement of organized criminal groups in human trafficking and to promote the development of effective criminal justice-related responses. UNICEF UNICEF is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs...
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...Annotated Bibliography This page begins your annotated bibliography. Before you start typing, fix your format. The font should be 12. If you’re using MS Word 2007, go to Paragraph above; the alignment for all text should be left except for the title Annotated Bibliography above, which is centered. Also in Paragraph, go to Line Spacing and click on “double,” and spacing before and after should be 0 pt. In Page Layout, check that the margins are “Normal,” which is 1 inch all around. Then put your first entry here. Follow correct APA format for a Reference entry, starting with author’s last name or the title of the article. Consult Citation Machine, Noodle Tools, or the textbook Writing Today Chapter 28 for more information about this. See how the first line is flush left; each subsequent line is hanging indented. To do this, highlight the second, third, etc. sentences, and in Paragraph, look for Special; in the drop-down box, click on Hanging, and the indentation should be .5”. Then start your summary paragraph here. You should have several sentences consisting of the authors’ main points plus other relevant points that relate to your research. The author’s credibility should also be discussed here. Next, have the connection to research paragraph, which should consist of a few sentences that indicate the connection of this source to your research. Identify the section of your research outline, from I. to VI., where you will be using this source. An example is below: Clemmitt...
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...Annotated Bibliography for Standardized Tests Sammy North DeVry University Annotated Bibliography for Standardized Tests Everyone is affected by the strength or weakness of our educational system, from the students and their ability to succeed in college and in the workplace, to the employers who hire them—and everyone in between. Every taxpayer is a stakeholder in education, because these tests are paid for by tax dollars, and the return on investment in education is not where it should be. Standardized tests should be abolished and replaced with end-of-year subject tests because they will save time and money, lead to increased mastery of core subjects, and diminish dropout rates. Clemmitt, M. (2007, July 13). Students under stress. CQ Researcher, 17, 577–600. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/ This article discusses the pressure that students face in public schools today. Homework has increased, as has stress caused by high-stakes standardized testing. This type of pressure results in less time for children to play, sleep, and interact with their parents. The solution is to limit the time children spend on homework, but given that American students lag behind their international peers in tests of basic subjects, decreasing schoolwork seems not to be the answer. Although Clemmitt is a journalist and not an expert on the subject, she cites many experts and authoritative sources to lend credibility to the article, including books and surveys from...
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...Annotated Bibliography THESIS STATEMENT: In order to improve our level of education and help students to retain and learn what teachers are teaching, the state needs to remove standardized state level of testing; this will encourage children of young age to think creativity and think outside the box, encourages organic learning and prevents the unnecessary stress on young children. Robinson, K. (2013, April) Ted Talks Education How to escape educations death valley [Video File] Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_how_to_escape_education_s_death_valley#t-782486 Ken Robinson is an author, speaker and international advisor on education. He emphasized on importance of education and how it is that we are to change the way we are teaching in America. He mentions that while the standardized testing is ok, we should however expand on the notion with state testing and expand within the arts. He mentions that 60% of children drop out of school before they get into high school. He also states the No Child Left Behind act is based not on diversity but conformity. He compared Finland to each state within the America. Finland does not use any standardized testing; yet they are consistently above average. The difference with Finland and any state in America can be summed up by 3 things. 1) America in general or state level does not individualize teaching and learning. 2) America in general or state level does not invest in the teacher. He states that America...
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...living in poverty and those that are wealthy. After given a standardized test every year, the school is required to take different actions if their school does not improve each year such as directing a chunk of it’s funding to teacher development, giving students the option to transfer, changing it’s curriculum, or having the school shut down altogether. My claim is that we should adjust or amend the No Child Left Behind Act. No Child Left Behind’s attempt to narrow achievement gaps by ensuring that all children receive a quality education is admirable, but it is hardly realistic. Teachers would have to devote their entire time to teaching specifically just math and English. By doing that they block out any other subjects such as science, history, art, or any other important elective or subject. We should adjust the law by having less harsh punishments that way the students and teachers are not constantly stressing, and most importantly because we want to keep the students from doubting themselves academically. Some people may argue that 2 over time the achievement gap will close because we will have devoted enough time to math and English to prove that no child is getting left behind. I will address this concern by stating that we should not ban this law, just simply make simple yet extravagant changes such as fewer penalties, removing disabled children from the act, and including other subjects into the testing. With...
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...Standardized Testing: Harmful to Learning Standardized Testing: Harmful to Learning Currently impressionable youth are receiving test results that may seem of little consequence to most but to them it says they are not good enough, or smart enough. Many students have received these results and felt the disappointment it can bring not only to their academic life but also how it melts into their self-esteem and self-worth. Even a teacher feeling they have failed there students, being unable to achieve certain marks knowing students will suffer not only academically but also loose funding for programs that they so desperately need or want. These negative connotations along with incidents of impropriety have come to light in the process of standardized testing in our schools across the nations. Standardized testing has created a test driven education, altering teaching strategies with a higher stress environment for not only teachers but students as well, and has great consequences for all involved if they fail to meet mandated scores. History of Testing Testing isn’t new to education yet it has changed dramatically from where it started many years ago. The history of testing dates back for many centuries for many different reasons including our military, but most are centered on education and its effectiveness as a whole. When the military introduced aptitude tests they where to help find suitable candidates for positions such as officers, and other special...
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...Robbie Gutierrez English 102 04/18/13 Road to Success Once, the American educational system was viewed as the best in the world. Other countries would study our methods and try to copy them in their own countries. Today the American education system is no longer the best in the world. With decreasing test scores and poor academic achievement, people have questioned why there have not been any changes in our education system. It’s important for the upcoming generation to get an education and take back the number one rank in public education. It should be the major concern for this country, because children are the future of this country. Other industrialized countries are ranking higher in test standardized test scores compared to the U.S. Because the educational systems of other countries are better than ours, we could learn from their educational successes. The United States could benefit from implementing three things; better teacher training, emphasis math & science, and create a system of academic student tracking. America is the land of the free and the land of many opportunities. It’s a place where many people from around the world come to have a better life. America has many opportunities to offer, but it lacks on one thing, a comprehensive education system. Each year America is falling behind other countries and it’s getting worse as time goes on. The only thing we were number one in is having the most medals in the London Olympics. Furthermore, in a...
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...all students in the public schools of the United States. As a piece of both egalitarian and neo-liberal legislation, its aim was to bring quantitative progress to all school-age youth, especially those in lower-achieving schools. No Child Left Behind Act was to achieve this goal by testing students' proficiency in three subjects: math, reading, and science. Through this standardized testing the government would hold schools accountable for the progress of their students. However, the result has been far from the progress intended. As a result of No Child Left Behind, class time is spent teaching to the test, and the social sciences are being ignored. Not only does the drop in social studies education present a risk for the students in high-stakes testing schools, but it also widens the inequality gap between students and presents a threat to the communities around them; for this reason parents, students, teachers and community members should push for increased emphasis on engaging social studies education in schools. Social Studies and the Test While math, reading, and science are tested by every school in the country, social studies is not. It is easy to test math skills on a standardized test; there is only one right answer. It is also easy to test reading comprehension; the text shows the right answer. Reading, and math are skills, easy to test and measure. However, social studies and science are different. Both have to do more with specific knowledge and understandings...
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...Cover Sheet Title The Effectiveness of Parental Involvement for Improving the Academic Performance of Elementary School Children Reviewers Chad Nye, PhD Jamie Schwartz, PhD Herb Turner, PhD Contact reviewer Chad Nye UCF Center for Autism & Related Disabilities 12001 Science Drive, Suite 145 Orlando, FL 32826 Phone : 407-737-2566 FAX : 407-737-2571 email : cnye@mail.ucf.edu 1 1.0 BACKGROUND The role of parents has long been thought to be centrally important to the academic achievement of their children. However, this role had neither been analyzed nor systematically studied using an experimental design until the 1960’s. The evaluation of the Head Start Program in the United States (Coleman, Campbell, Hobson, McPartland, Mod, Weinfeld, & York, 1966) fostered a national focus on outcomes related to parental involvement by suggesting a substantial relationship between parental involvement in their child’s education and their child’s success in academic domains. Subsequent studies have been presented which support the findings from Coleman, et al. (Duff & Adams, 1981; Henderson, 1987; 1988). Even so, other studies have reported either mixed or no significant differences between experimental and control groups when measuring the effect of parental involvement on student achievement (Griffith, 1996; Heller, & Fantuzzo, 1993; Henry, 1974; Keith, Reimers, Ferman, Pottenbaum, & Aubrey ,1986; Ryan, 1964; Searles, Lewis & Morrow, 1982). Some of the discrepancy across studies...
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...Composition Pedagogy, Race, and the African American Student: An Annotated Bibliography Bernstein, Susan Naomi. “Writing and White Privilege: Beyond Basic Skills.” Pedagogy: Critical Approaches to Teaching Literature, Language, Composition, and Culture 4.1 (2004): 128-31. Evaluating the relationship between white, middle-class privilege and both standardized testing and standard conventions of writing, Bernstein offers a classroom strategy for underprivileged students (either from racial or class position or both) to counter the negative effects of academic standards in relegating them to remedial positions in order to acquire basic writing skills before being granted access to the university at large. Encouraging her students to explore their previous educational experiences related to both testing and writing through a workshop format, as well as to evaluate their own imaginative writing and the reading of creative texts, Bernstein found that these can be used as means of critical resistance to their remedial designations. Ultimately, though, she concludes that it is not the student’s responsibility alone to resist relegation but also educators as well, who need to address and seek to resolve the conditions that produce “basic writers” even before their arrival at the university, and this, according to the author, will produce an awareness and restructuring of white privilege in determining academic success. Campbell, Kermit E. “ ‘Real Niggaz’s Don’t Die’: African...
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...National League for Nursing Evaluation and Learning Advisory Committee (ELAC) ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION ELAC Members: Marilyn H. Oermann (Chair) Karen Saewert (Chair-elect) Pamela Rutar Suzanne Yarbrough Sub-committee Members: Reba Childress Dawne-Marie Dunbar Sally Erdel Barbara Haas Evelyn Hayes Debra Hurd Sheila Kyle Gayle Preheim, Chair Linda Siktberg Gale R. Woolley, Chair A comprehensive literature review was completed, reflecting best practices in assessment, evaluation, and grading in nursing. This annotated bibliography of the literature is organized into four areas: assessment and evaluation in (a) the classroom, (b) the online environment, (c) clinical practice, and (d) learning and simulation laboratories. There is a fifth section that provides references on the assessment of psychomotor learning and performance; that section is not annotated. This work was completed by members of ELAC and its subcommittees as noted above. 1 CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT Ahmad, N. (2002). Evaluation of teaching: Through eyes of students. Plano: Institutional Research Office, Collin County Community College District. This article reviews the student evaluations instruments used to evaluate learning and faculty in the classroom. The purpose of this article was to search for come standardized instruments of student evaluations. Instruments used are: Individual Developmental and Educational Assessment (IDEA), Student Assessment of...
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...interpret guide, a how-to set-up and analyze guide using free online calculators or Excel, and a wording results guide. All materials are available for general use, following the Creative Commons License. Introduction (INTRO)–a brief overview of educational research methods 1. What is Educational Research? (uploaded 7.17.09) 2. Writing Research Questions (uploaded 7.20.09) 3. Experimental Design (uploaded 7.20.09) ------------------------------------------------- Experimental Design The basic idea of experimental design involves formulating a question and hypothesis, testing the question, and analyzing data. Though the research designs available to educational researchers vary considerably, the experimental design provides a basic model for comparison as we learn new designs and techniques for conducting research. Note: This review is similar to the overview of significance testing, so you will see some of the...
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...4/24/2015 4/24/2015 Lefebvre, Joseph Bentley University Lefebvre, Joseph Bentley University Over the Counter, Over Prescribed Prescription Drug Abuse Over the Counter, Over Prescribed Prescription Drug Abuse When describing a drug addict, the stereotypical description is usually someone who has no job, steals to get their fix, and is living their life in poverty because of their crippling addiction. The drug of choice for these “junkies” is typically black tar heroin. However in recent years this has not been the case. The age of prescription drugs is beginning and people are dying from prescription drug overdoses at an alarming rate. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), as seen in Figure 1 found in the Appendix, in 2010 there were 8.76 million prescription drug abusers (Drug Facts: Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications). Prescription drug abuse has become an epidemic in America and it is not isolated to the stereotypical addict, as doctors and emergency response teams are seeing more and more overdoses and individuals seeking medical attention who are in the upper middle class and lead a fairly “normal” life besides their addiction. The NIDA found that there are around 5.1 million people in the US suffer from substance abuse disorders related to prescription pain relievers (Figure 1, Appendix). Although pain killer abuse gets a lot of the prescription drug abuse headlines, there are other medications that are being abused namely stimulants...
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...and expressing words and having a hard time recognizing facial expressions. I have also found out that there have been cases that have occurred with no negative long-term or short-term effects. Regarding these possible negative consequences, I personally have worked as a caregiver taking care of multiple people with PD and I have seen the extreme negative consequences with the rigidity of their bodies and the danger they put themselves in when they try to do menial tasks such as trying to go to the bathroom. I feel as if the positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences with the STN-DBS implant. If I personally had PD, I would wait another 10-15 years until more research is done for the negative consequences. Annotated Bibliography Pham, U., Solbakk, A., Skogseid, I., Toft, M., Pripp, A., Konglund, A., . . . Malt, U. (2015). Personality Changes after Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson's Disease, 1-7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/490507 According to Pham Et. al. (2015), 45 Parkinson's Disease patients with the same degree of the disease were tested and their personality profiles were also examined. The...
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