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Annotated Bibliography – Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii

Glen AS, Dickman CR (2005) Diet of the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in eastern Australia: effects of season, sex and size. Journal of Zoology, 269, 241-248.

This article explored the effects of season, sex and body size of spotted-tailed quolls on food intake and chosen prey items. The aim was to determine if these factors influenced the diet of the quolls and whether diet trends were similar to those of quolls in other geographic locations. The study was conducted over 20 months and included the trapping of quolls for scat collection as well as the collection of scats from set transects. Prey remains from the scats were identified using keys and reference specimens to the lowest taxonomic level of confidence. It was found that mammals dominate the diet of quolls; however they were consumed less frequently over summer while insects and reptile consumption increased in frequency over summer. Gender and body size was not found to influence food intake significantly however there was a trend that smaller quolls consumed more invertebrates than mammals. Data gathered from this study was broadly similar to that gathered from populations of quolls in different geographic locations. As both the quoll and Tasmanian Devil are carnivorous marsupials and previous studies have provided evidence of their similarities, the conclusions from this article could be used in regards to the influence of such factors on Tasmanian Devils given there is limited resources available regarding these animals.

Green B, Eberhard I (1979) Energy requirements and sodium and water turnovers in two captive marsupial carnivores: the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii, and the Native Cat, Dasyurus viverrinus. Australian Journal of Zoology, 27, 1-8.

Green and Eberhard investigated the digestive efficiencies and correlation between sodium turnover and food consumption of both Tasmanian Devils and Eastern Native Cats (quolls). The aim of the ten day experiment was to determine the intake and digestibility of food and energy in two carnivorous marsupials. Animals were fed two laboratory rats, of known dry weight, daily. Any remains were collected, dried, weighed and then subtracted from the weight of the whole rats to give the total dry weight of consumed food. Sodium content of the dried rats was measured in a spectrophotometer and compared to the sodium content found in the blood of the devils. Energy content was determined by the combustion of 0.5g samples of food and scat in a Gallenkamp adiabatic bomb calorimeter. It was found that devils had a daily energy intake of 536.8 kJ kg-1 with 88% of this intake being digestible and minimum daily digestible energy intake required for maintenance of 545 kJ W0.75. It was found that the digestive ability of devils was similar both to native cats and other eutherian carnivores however minimum energy requirement for maintenance was lower than eutherian carnivores. There was a strong correlation between sodium turnover and food intake thus the technique could be used in estimating food intake of free ranging animals. Whilst small mammals have similar sodium content, energy content may vary greatly between natural prey items and laboratory rats and should be further explored. This article provides evidence of similarities in energy digestibility between Tasmanian Devils and like species which allows for broader research of energy pathways.

Pemberton D, Gales S, Bauer B, Gales R, Lazenby B, Medlock K (2008) The diet of the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii, as determined from analysis of scat and stomach contents. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 142, 13-21.

In this article the authors compare the diets of Tasmanian Devils by analysis of scat and stomach contents. The study chose six different locations with known devil populations, three inland sites three coastal sites. The aim of the study was to investigate diet differentiations across a range of habitats and also between populations of devils infected with Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) and those free of the disease. Prey remains from scat and stomach contents were identified using Hair ID software or TMAG voucher specimens enabling the identification of different species. This was the first study that utilised diagnostic microscopic hair examination to identify different prey species of the Tasmanian Devil. It was found that most of the animals utilised only one (61%) or two (32%) food groups; with the most common prey items being birds, wallabies, possums and pademelons. It was also found that the diets of devils at coastal locations included marine birds and mammals and was not limited to the prey common of inland devils. Previously, studies have focused on the diets of Tasmanian Devils at one location, thus the comparisons made between populations during this study are significant for future management of this threatened species. The higher digestibility of certain prey species may result in little or no evidence being found in scat or stomach contents. Further comparisons between devils of different size and age classes would strengthen this study. This article will not form the basis of my research; however will provide useful starting point to expand upon.

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