...PY 354-Introduction to Psychological Research Spring, 2013 This exam will evaluate how well you understand the material in the class so far. It covers the information presented in Chapters 1-4 of the McBride text, as well as the course notes that I have provided. You may use your book, notes, or outside resources to help you with your exam, but you may NOT consult with each other. Also, do not simply copy/paste information from any source…put things into your own words and use your own examples!!! Evidence of copy/paste or other forms of plagiarism will result in a score of 0 for the exam. If you use an outside source, cite it properly and provide an APA style reference list at the end of your exam. (100 points) Part A: Research Scenarios—Read each scenario carefully. At times, I may ask for a definite answer and at other times, a potential answer. Each scenario is worth 10 points. A researcher wants to examine the effects of LSD on complex learning in rats. One group of rats was given a very small dose that would be unlikely to cause any behavioral effects. The second group of rats was given a larger dose of the drug. Both groups of rats then ran through a complex maze several times. 10/10 a. What is the independent variable (s) and is it a true or subject variable: The independent variable would be the different amounts of LSD given to the rats. This is a true variable. b. What is the dependent variable(s): The dependent variable is the time...
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...I agree with the statement that society has no right to call itself sane. In society today the growing obsession with slimness has caused young people to feel overweight, even if they are a normal weight. This obsession has lead to young people developing eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. One big factor that causes these disorders is the media because it has placed an emphasis on how someone should look and what is the "normal" weight. These images of being skinny or any other characteristic that is found to be physically attractive, is causing young people to doubt themselves and lose faith in what they once thought made them beautiful. The problem is that in our day and age, our generation is an electronic one. Everything around us has something to do with the media and it is what young people are most associated with. The media can be compared as a type of propaganda as everywhere a young person looks they are bombarded with images of the "perfect" body type. In my paper I will be looking at the effects the media has on the attitudes of young people in relation to eating disorders. I will begin by giving a brief summary of both...
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...Annotated Bibliography Harshit Pareek Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that gives a summary of each of the entries. The purpose of annotations is to provide the reader with a summary and an evaluation of the source. Each summary should be a concise exposition of the source's central idea’s and give the reader a general idea of the source's content. Eating Habits Simpson, K. J. Anorexia nervosa and culture. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 65-71. This article describes how unrealistic standards of attractiveness set by Western society are internalized by women from a variety of cultural backgrounds and translated into fat-phobia and body dissatisfaction and then discusses alternative cultural influences for food refusal such as issues of control, acculturation, and religious asceticism Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). Causes of eating disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 187-213. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/205797518?accountid=27203 Abstract Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have emerged as the predominant eating disorders Tomiyama, A. J., & Mann, T. (2008). Cultural factors in collegiate eating disorder pathology: When family culture clashes with individual culture. Journal of American College Health. This article examines the effects of family enmeshment on the development of eating pathology between two groups of...
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...Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by excessive food restriction and fear, fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body self-perception. Anorexia is one of results caused by social and media pressure. That’s because everyone today wants to look like models or trying to appear more attractively. First, Anorexia is the worse way to lose weight. It’s harmful to the body and can cause psychological and gynecological problems. Anorexia affects mostly females between their teens or young adult women age period, it is harming our society greatly. For w person suffering from Anorexia , social problems form like isolation and depression, too. Also, anorexia is a socially transmitted disorder, environmental factors, such as acceptance in certain athletic and social groups, which can contribute to the effects of an eating disorder. Studies provide information about the environmental issues that influence Anorexia. Some studies say that three-thousand participants from across Europe provide evidence that peer pressure is a major source of an eating disorder. The idea that public opinion and peer pressure causes Anorexia Nervosa has been considered as a possible cause for a while. A lot of people say that low body weight is equated with beauty and success. While overweight or obese individuals, are equated with ugliness, a lack of success, and an implied lack of self control. The conflict between actual and desired body appearance is thought to trigger Anorexia in...
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...ch16 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. A basic premise of health in early Asian culture was that: A. people have some control over their health. B. gods caused illness and disease. C. magic could cure illness. D. superstition determined treatment. 2. Your_______ plays a critical role in your health and consists of your attitudes, habits, choices, and behaviors. A. genetic potential B. heritage C. lifestyle D. health personality 3. The biological approach to health is being most closely followed when a physician: A. encourages a patient to reduce his/her stress level through relaxation training. B. prescribes a seminar on anger management for a patient with high blood pressure. C. prescribes a cholesterol-lowering drug for a patient with high cholesterol. D. encourages a cancer patient to join a support group. 4. Just a century ago, the leading cause of death was: A. cancer. B. heart disease. C. infectious diseases. D. stroke. 5. In the U.S. today, the number-one cause of death is: A. cancer. B. heart disease. C. infectious diseases. D. stroke. 6. In the U.S. today, the second-leading cause of death is: A. cancer. B. heart disease. C. infectious diseases. D. stroke. 7. Health psychologists endorse the _____________ model, which states that health is best understood in terms of a combination of physical, cognitive, and environmental factors. A. biopsychological ...
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...justice topic which is eating disorder. Central Idea: informative speech about the three type of eating disorder which are Anorexia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. Then my second point will focus on the causes of eating disorder, after that in my last main point I will discuss its effects on our life. I. Introduction A. Tie to audience Food too much of it, we suffer, and too lack of it, we will suffer. Because of it human has lost their sanity and it’s the main cause of most health issues, which is eating disorder. B. Preview of main points Today I will answer these questions: what is eating disorder? What causes this health problem? How it affects our life mentally and physically? C. Transition to body Now that I told you what my speech is about, I will explain what Eating Disorder is. II. Body A. What is eating disorder? 1. Definition of eating disorder. a. According to “Oxford Dictionary”, Eating: is the act of consuming food and Disorder: is an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly. b. According to the “National Institute of Mental Health” website, an eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amount of food or severely overeating. 2. The three types of eating disorder. a. Anorexia Nervosa : According to the “ American Psychological Association”, when the individual think they’re fat even when they’re extremely...
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...Current Issues in Life-Span Development Many issues arise when discussing Life-Span Development. One issue that I take a personal interest to is Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa also known as Anorexia is an issue that many people are affected by at some point in their lives. Many people associate this disease with women however; anorexia also affects males as well. While anorexia tends to affect more women than men it appears approximately 10% of individuals diagnosed that are men (Wikipedia, n.d). Anorexia can lead to death if an intervention is not put in place. I tend to take a personal interest in anorexia I was personally affected by anorexia growing up. When growing up I watched my mother as she attempted crazy diets to make sure she was staying thin. I was also put on diet pills and many diets as a child. I even had a doctor who told my parents that I was just going to be heavy my entire life and there was nothing they could do. Between being told I was going to be heavy and being teased about my weight growing up by my parents, brother and cousins this lead me to take drastic measures to lose weight. I stopped eating and if I did eat it consisted of eating gummy bears. Eventually I became so weak and sick that my family had to have an intervention. Eventually I became better until I left and went to college and it started all over again. I had to move back in with my parents to overcome not eating once again. Now I am healthily but this is something I...
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...Week 2 Reading summaries Claude Fischler “Food, Self and Identity” (1988) * Food goes deeper than being a source of nutrition, it is central to our individual identity given that we are constructed, biologically, psychologically and socially by the food we choose to incorporate into our lives. * Omnivore’s paradox: One of the fundamental components of our identity as omnivores is that we have the autonomy, freedom and adaptability to consume a wide range of food. However this liberty also implies dependence and constraint. Omnivores cannot obtain all the nutrients it needs from one food alone and omnivores must also avoid harmful foods. * The principle of incorporation dictates that food and cuisine are a central component of the sense of collective belonging. * Disgust is a socially constructed biological safeguard. The psychology of eating behavior reveals that children have the tendency to accept only a limited range of food they are familiar with. This gives us insight into our natural instinct as humans to put new exotic foods through thorough examination before we consume it. * Because of how complex identifying a food can be based on its cultural origins, the culinary system provides a pre-fabricated matrix where one can identify a food by understanding its place in the world. * In today’s society as food is becoming more processed and integrated through globalization our cultural and physiological identity through food is becoming...
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...The Gender Differences in Eating Disorders: An Analysis Abstract This paper will provide a critical analysis of the issue of eating disorders in the two genders. It has provided a history of the eating disorders, and how they came to be known. Furthermore, the paper has focused on the issue of eating disorders through an analysis of a number of studies. The studies have focused on providing vital information regarding what influences the different genders to have eating disorders. The females are most likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa, while the males suffer from bulimia. A brief summary of all the key points has also been provided. Thereafter, some important recommendations regarding research in some key areas involving eating disorders has been provided as well. Keywords: Anorexia, Bulimia, Females, Males, Study, Eating Disorders, Gender, Media Introduction Eating disorders have now become part of the current culture people live in. In fact, the eating disorders tend to affect different people regardless of their genders and socioeconomic classes. There is even an overall prevalence that is estimated to be about five percent among the population. Many people have a desire to become thin since it is an issue that is always being highlighted by the media. Some of the popular sources of media that influence individuals to become thin include movies, television shows, and magazines, among others. It is such a pity that the prevailing culture, and specifically the...
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...A CRITICAL REVIEW OF AN ANOREXIA NERVOSA RESEARCH Institution: Name: Tutor: Date: TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 3 PURPOSE STATEMENT REVIEW 5 RESEARCH METHOD REVIEW 6 RESULTS ANALYSIS 7 DISCUSSION ANALYSIS 8 SUMMARY REVIEW 8 REFERENCE 10 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW Factoring that AN is fast rising disease that cannot be treated by common medicine, there is a great need for further information on what it entails. According to the research, the project seeks to further understand what fosters the development of Anorexia Nervosa. This disease is a behavioral disease, meaning that it can be treated and stopped and the research is proving that significant steps can be made towards eradication or maybe just simply minimized. It is terribly sad that this is a disease suffered by women and it is proving very hard to deal with due to the exaltation of the human being physical and thus making people with little self esteem grow up knowing that. This research will prove instrumental as it seeks to create an alternative approach to the said disease. The literature review was not very thorough and comprehensive factoring the number books, references made in the entire book. Some may be of the opinion that a lot of literature material was used in the research, but the fact one uses the same types of book and material doesn’t make them to be thorough but rather biased (Halawi, 2005). The researchers and the literature review were thus biased as the books used...
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...Abnormal Eating Habits Four out of ten individuals have either personally experienced an eating disorder or knows someone who has. SIRS data base reports that an eating disorder is an illness caused by abnormal eating habits. There are two specific types of eating disorders. They include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Some would also classify binge eating as an eating disorder, but it is not officially recognized by the APA. You can recover from these illnesses. Restoring a healthy weight and the use of psychotherapy are some ways you can get treatment. If not treated, these disorders can cause even more health problems. These health problems include slow or irregular heartbeat, high or low blood pressure, tooth erosion, heart failure,...
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...theme in the back ground of women with bulimia nervosa. This hypothesis has come under much scrutiny and as a result, has been tested and re-tested time and again. Studies have had findings stating everything from, there is no evidentiary support for this hypothesis, to there is a non-specific correlation and yet other studies claim that childhood sexual abuse is a direct risk factor for bulimia nervosa. More recent articles seem to point toward some type of relationship between bulimia nervosa and childhood sexual abuse. The process of finding this information takes some digging. Many search engines (including Medscape, Proquest, and Google’s scholarly article search) were used. Much of the research in this area seems to have been done approximately ten years ago and therefore was not current enough to be used. These older studies also have a common theme in that they tended to lean toward the opinion that bulimia nervosa and childhood sexual abuse are not directly related. The more current articles on this subject agree more with the school of though that bulimia nervosa is closely related to childhood sexual abuse. According to Pearlstein (2002) “Many older studies involved clinical rather than community samples” (p. 5) which may shed some light on why their results showed little to no correlation with bulimia nervosa and childhood sexual abuse. If there is a relationship between childhood sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa, how does the abuse predispose one to becoming...
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...Anorexia nervosa is described by extreme thinness, relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, extreme fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, severe low self-image that is skewed by their view of their own body weight and shape, lack of menstruation and extreme restrictions of eating (National Institute of Mental Health). According to the text “usually adolescents and three out of four times females – drop sufficiently (typically 15 percent or more) below normal weight” (Myers, 2010, p. 453). Bulimia however is different in that the person usually carries a normal or even healthy weight. “Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent and frequent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food and feeling a lack of control over these episodes” (National Institute of Mental Health). The Bulimic will binge eat and then compensate by forcing themselves to vomit, they will often use laxatives and diuretics, they will fast, exercise excessively or a combination thereof. In today’s society of stick thin models, underweight actors / actresses and emerging focus on obesity, it is no wonder that more and more people have eating disorders. Hollywood focuses on being thin because the camera adds at least ten pounds. Models, believe they must be stick thin in order walk the runway for the top designers. Television plays an important role in this overall attitude of being thin, perfect example is the Victoria’s Secret versus Lane Bryant...
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...Part 1 Glossary Terms Define, in detail, each of these glossary terms from the realm of human biology, in general. If applicable, use examples to support your definitions. Consult your notes or course textbook(s) as references or the Internet by visiting Web sites such as: http://www.askjeeves.com or http://www.google.com (a) Bulimia Nervosa | (b) Anorexia Nervosa | (c) Binge Eating (BED) | (d) Self-Esteem | (e) BMI | (f) Pica | Part 2 Type I or Type II Diabetes??? 1. Describe the differences between Type I Diabetes and Type II Diabetes. 2. What is the name of the hormone produced by the pancreas that reduces blood glucose levels? What is the name of the hormone produced by the pancreas that increases blood glucose levels? 3. Is Type I or Type II Diabetes preventable? Support your answer. 4. What is “worse”: hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia? Part 3 What color is on your plate? 1. Visit the website http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/yf/foods/fn595w.htm#plate. Using the table below, list at least four of the fruits and vegetables per color that appeal to you. Color | Fruit Examples | Vegetable Examples | Red | | | Orange/Yellow | | | Green | | | Blue/Purple | | | White | | | 2. Go the site http://www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/ and enter your age, your sex, and the time amount of physical activity you perform per day. Click on Show Me to reveal how much...
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...Stress Management Why do people stress and what is stress you may ask? Why do people experience many feelings while they stress? Well I am here to let you know how stress is formed and the disadvantages of stress. I will inform you on how you can manage your stress and keep yourself healthy. Stress is the response of the body to the demands of daily living. Think about the demands you have on your everyday living. There are sources or causes which are called stressors that give demands that cause changes in the body. A stressor can be physical, mental, emotional, social, and even environmental. Stressor responses can be negative or positive. The positive stressor is Eustress, this is a healthy response. Eustress only means that you are not hurting yourself but being active and getting and adequate amount of sleep when you are trying to accomplish something. Distress is the negative response; it is harmful and produces negative results when you are trying to accomplish a goal. There are three stages of stress. The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which is a series of changes that occur in the body when stress occurs. The first stage is the alarm stage of GAS in which the body gets ready for action. During this stage adrenaline starts to rush, in which the hormones that help your body get ready for emergency. Second is the resistance stage of GAS in which the body attempts to regain balance and return to normal. The final stage is the exhaustion stage, in which there is wear...
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