...Ant Colony Optimization 1 A Seminar Report on “Ant Colony Optimization” A Seminar submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING Presented By Ranjith Kumar A (06J11A0534) Department of computer science engineering HITECH COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad) Himayathnagar, C.B.Post, Moinabad, Hyderabad-5000 2 075. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Seminar Report on “Ant Colony Optimization”, is a bonafide Seminar work done by Ranjith Kumar A (06J11A0534), in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Bachelor of Technology in “Computer Science engineering” J.N.T.U Hyderabad during the year 2010. Y.V.S Pragathi M.Tech Head of CSE Department 3 Abstract Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been successfully applied to those combinatorial optimization problems which can be translated into a graph exploration. Artificial ants build solutions step by step adding solution components that are represented by graph nodes. The existing ACO algorithms are suitable when the graph is not very large (thousands of nodes) but is not useful when the graph size can be a challenge for the computer memory and cannot be completely generated or stored in it. In this paper we study a new ACO model that overcomes the difficulties found when working with a huge construction graph. In addition to the description...
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...Multiple-product & Various Truck Capacities Cross-docking Problem Introduction Customer demands are getting more complicated and even harder to be satisfied nowadays. It is highly needed for the company to have such flexibility, agility and reliability in terms of answering the demand requests from their customers. But their limitations in improving customer satisfaction might be a big problem for them and the operation of single company can have a bad impact on those of the other companies in the supply chain, meaning that if one company fails to fulfill the demands required, it will affect the related companies and obviously will put them in jeopardy in terms of customers trust and the cost they would have to spend. Therefore, improving supply chain management is really attractive for those companies looking to efficiently improve their customer satisfaction. Apte and Viswanathan (2000) stated that distribution process is responsible for 30% of an item price and this is the reason why there are a lot of companies trying their very best to develop new distribution strategies in order to manage their product flow in efficient manner. Cross docking is definitely one of those strategies people believe to be an efficient strategy to minimize inventory and to reduce cycle times. Apte and Viswanathan (2000) also defined cross docking as the continuous process to the final destination through the cross-dock storing products and materials in the distribution center. When cross-docking...
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...Introduction TSP (Travelling salesman problem) is an optimization problem that it is difficult to solve using classical methods. Different Genetic Algorithm (GA) have been right to solve the TSP each with advantages and disadvantages (Davis, 2005) In this research paper, I highlight a new algorithm by merging different genetic Algorithm results to the better solution for TSP. In amalgam algorithm, appropriateness of algorithm and traveled distance for TSP has been considered. Results obtained suggest that it does not quickly establish in the local optimum and enjoys a good speed for an inclusive answer (Fogel, 2010). New methods such as GAs, refrigeration algorithms, Artificial Neural Networks, and ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) to solve TSP problem, in recent past have been suggested. Both ACO and GAs is centered on repetitive (Goldenberg, 2005) ACO system was unfilled for the first time by Dorigoat al. to solve TSP. In ACO algorithms, people work together to find the solution. In collective intelligence algorithms, it uses the real life of creatures without putting in consideration the complex mechanisms in run their day to day life in all aspects as best as possible. GA is an iterative procedure that contains a population of individuals or chromosomes. Coding of randomly or heuristic by a string of symbols as a gene in possible solution is done. All possible solution in this search space is examined. When search space is large, GAs usually are used. People can select an...
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...between the leadership styles of the Queen ant, Princess Atta, and even Hopper the grasshopper. Also, the ant colony it self portrays the differences in social groups and who is looked at as a norm based on the ants perception and those who are deviant from the colony. And lastly, another sociological perspective that can be seen is the symbolic interationist perspective and the way one acts of deviance or norm and if that is based and if that behavior is biological or learned. In what follows the colony of ants will be descried and analyzed through the sociological aspects of, leadership portrayed by Princess Atta, the groups that are presented by the ants and the grasshoppers, and also the theories of behavior that can possibly explain Flik’s non compliant ways of the other ants. Leadership can be categorized in three different ways. These ways are Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-Faire type leadership. Those who lead in an authoritarian manner are those who give orders and have things done their way and their way only. Democratic leaders strive to gain a consensus from others and are open to others ideas before making there final decisions. A leader who demonstrates laissez-faire type leadership is one who is highly permissive and provides little or no direction and gives others as much freedom as possible. In A Bugs Life, Princess Atta attempts to be authoritarian leaders in the beginning of the movie as the ants prepare the harvest for the grasshoppers...
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...Contents 1. Discuss the Organizational structure as illustrated in the movie by referring to the Antz Colony structure and the Insectopia structure. 2 The Antz Colony 2 What type of structure does the Antz colony have and what are the positive/negative effects of such a structure? 3 Insectopia 4 What type of structure does Insectopia have and what are the positive/negative effects of such a structure? 4 2. Discuss the job designs of the workers in the Antz movie and indicate the implications of the job designs on the motivation of the workers. 5 Job design elements defined 5 Job design elements in the Antz colony 5 How can job satisfaction among the ants be improved? 6 Job redesign 6 Alternative work arrangements 7 How can the employee’s/ ants be more involved? 7 Rewards used as motivators 8 3. Describe the Culture that was prevalent in the Colony. 9 What does the culture do in the colony? 9 What liabilities does this culture have? 10 4. Describe and discuss the changes that took place in the movie. 11 What were the changes in the Antz colony and how could they have been handled better? 11 Bibliography 14 1. Discuss the Organizational structure as illustrated in the movie by referring to the Antz Colony structure and the Insectopia structure. An organisational structure is “the way in which job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated” (Robbins & Judge, 2011). An organisation has different elements that contribute to its structure...
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...Sociological Experience The sociological movie I chose to watch was, “A Bug’s Life”. I found several sociological concepts while watching the film. The movie is focused on a colony of ants that are being oppressed by a gang of grasshoppers who come every season demanding food from the ants. The grasshoppers use their size to dominate over the ants. One day in the spring, when the offering’s preparation has just been finished, an ant named Flik causes the whole offering of seeds to fall over into a river. The grasshoppers come and harass the ants and decide to give them one more chance to gather seeds. They expect the ants to do all of the work so the grasshoppers can just sit and play. The ants represent the working poor no matter how much work they do they cannot get ahead, while the grasshoppers hardly work and stay on top. Flik tries to recruit warrior bugs to fight off the grass hopers. Flik’s so called warriors turn out to be a group of circus bugs. When the colony discovers this they desperately try to pull together enough food for a new offering to the grasshoppers. After failing to gather enough food they try to scare them away with a fake bird. It nearly works, but Hopper the leader of the grasshoppers realizes that it was an imposter. As he is about to kill Flik the ants realize that they outnumber the grasshoppers 100-to-1 so they fight them off. This part of the movie demonstrates the effects of size in a group. They no longer have to live in fear of...
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...Bullet Ants (Paraponera Clavata) are ants know for their very painful sting however they are much more to this ant then that. They are found primarily in Atlantic Coastland lowland rainforests (Sara Prado 2014) and there presence in these rainforests is a good indicator of the health of that ecosystem (MeGee and Eaton 2013). Secondary forest growth, or the growth of a forest after it has been deforested has been a large topic of study for scientists and Bullet Ants can help scientist see the effects of deforestation (MeGee and Eaton 2013). Not only can scientist study the abundance and diversity of ants to determine the overall health of an ecosystem (MeGee and Eaton 2013), they can also study the foraging habits and success of bullet ants...
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...theorist Karl Marx. Marx’s theory is famous for focusing on how society functions. In particular he concerns himself with how capitalism, the working class, and the revolutions create problems in our society. My paper will analyze how Marxian theory and concepts fit into major climactic scenes of the film. The film revolves around the protagonist Filk, a worker ant. The colony is being oppressed by a group of grasshoppers and their leader Hopper. The grasshoppers claim they will provide protection as long as the ants provide the food supply. When the ants cannot supply the food for the grasshoppers, Hopper demands the ants to produce twice as much food as they did before. As a result, the ants will not have enough food to store up for themselves. Filk then travels to recruit warrior bugs to help the ants fight off the grasshoppers. According to Marx, this would free the colony from the constant oppression of the grasshoppers. The major themes of the movie follow Marxian theory. The first relates to Hopper and how the grasshoppers abuse their power and exploit the ant colony. The grasshoppers expect food knowing that the ants cannot produce enough food for themselves and the grasshoppers to consume. In another scene, the lead grasshopper, Hopper, becomes livid when one of his soldiers suggests...
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...Biology 219 Invertebrates in the News “Native Ants Use Chemical Weapons to Turn Back Invading Argentine Ants” Although we may think that humans dominate the globe, one Argentine species of ant, Linepithema humile, is making strides to challenge this supremacy. In fact, this invasive species may be part of a colony that is “ the largest of its type ever known for any insect species, and could rival humans in the scale of its world domination” (Walker). This mega colony has spread its reach over several continents, including Africa, Europe, Australia, and North America, and unwittingly humans have played a role in the formation of this colony by transporting these insects in contaminated crates of Argentinean sugar. Unfortunately, the spread of this invasive species has resulted in some serious ecological implications, such as the demise of the native ants inhabiting these conquered territories. The extermination of the native ants has greatly impacted the surrounding ecosystem, because “some native ant species that eat seeds have coevolved with certain native grasses and other plants to become a crucial part of the plant's propagation by carrying the seeds to new areas” ("Native Ants Use…”). Thus, the disappearances of these native species have drastically affected the dispersal and survival of these grasses, and the creatures that feed on or reside in these plants. However, one ant species native to North America, Prenolepis imparis, has decided to take a stand...
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...group members’ needs and desires. Initiating structure involves the leader’s ability to identify and define what needs to be done and the objectives for the group. (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009, p. 291) A Bug’s Life – The Movie Examples of various types of leadership styles can be found in the movie “A Bug’s Life”, based on Aesop’s fable “The Ant and the Grasshopper”. In this story, an ant colony gathers food each season for themselves and a vicious gang of grasshoppers. The leader of the grasshoppers is a cruel and selfish tyrant known as Hopper. (Lasseter, 1998) When the ants’ food offering is accidentially destroyed by the colony’s misfit, Flik, Hopper doubles the food offering requirement and threatens to kill the ants if they don’t comply by the time the grasshoppers return to Ant Island. The ants know that with the rainy season approaching, the requested task is an impossible one. Hopper – Leader of the Grasshoppers The Authoritarian leadership style is reflected in Hopper’s behavior. He accepts no input from group members, he makes all the decisions and he dictates all the work methods and processes. (Cherry) He considers the ants as a means of having food in order to survive, and...
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...writer of a research paper, including books, encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, interviews, and electronic media. All the sources used are listed alphabetically. NOTE: Book titles must be either underlined: Ants or italicized: Ants. NOTE: Pay attention to spacing, capitalization and punctuation. NOTE: When more than one publication location is cited on the title page, the first city should be the one noted on your bibliopgraphy. Place of publication usually includes the Name of the City, and the abbreviation of the State: Greenwood, CT. NOTE: The information for your bibliography should come from the Title Page of each book, NOT THE COVER, the SPINE or other sources (such as WebCat.) BOOKS ONE AUTHOR Overbeck, Cynthia. Ants. Minneapolis: Lerner Publication Company, 1982. Author's last name, Author's first name. Title. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date. TWO OR THREE AUTHORS Sewell, Barbara and Patrick Lynch. A First Look at Ants. New York: Walker & Company, 1992. First Author's last name, First Author's first name and Full Names of 2nd and 3rd Authors. Title. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date. MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS Anderson, Norman D., et al. Ants : using biological indicators to investigate environmental conditions. Raleigh, N.C.: Sci-Link/ Globe-Net Projects, North Carolina State University, 1999. Last Name of First Author, First Name of First...
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...Organism Physiology Paper: Pavement Ants Amanda James Bio/101- Principles of Biology March 19, 2016 Organism Physiology Paper: Pavement Ants Introduction We never think about how vital ants are to our environment, perhaps because of their size and their inevitable way of making our homes theirs. The reality is we need ants to survive. The most common species of ants that live near me, Richmond Virginia, are the Tetramorium caespitum. The common name for Tetramorium caespitum is the pavement ant. Tetramorium is the genus and the species is T. caespitum. According to “BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF THE PAVEMENT ANT, TETRAMORIUM CAESPITUM (L.), IN SOUTHEASTERN WASHINGTON (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: MYRMICINAE)” the pavement ant is the most common ant in North America (1980). These ants, as well as all ants have important roles detrimental to human existence and the environment they live in play a major part in how well they can perform those roles. Environment Description and Role of Organism Pavement ants live under rocks, sidewalks, pavement, inside houses and inside wood. They don’t build their homes in the open. So when you see the ant nests above ground, those ants are not pavement ants. The pavement ant keeps its home hidden from the human eye. The only time you may see their nest is in the summer months and they are usually seen near the sidewalk in cracks and crevices (Jacobs, 2000). These ants are very territorial! They are fighters and they...
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...both free enterprise and socialism when the flee had his own circus that was free enterprise. Also when Hopper and his gang took over and when the Bug Council talked yes that was socialism. To begin with the flee had his own circus. He owned it actual everything in the circus was his. From the bad magicians to the steel popcorn he was the boss of it. This made the circus free enterprise he didn’t give up or seal it to anyone. He owned all of it not the government or anyone just him. Next, the bugs may have owned their ant hill like flee owned his circus but their hill was socialism. When Hopper and his gang came into the ant’s hill and took over they no longer owned it. Unlike being a boss like flee the queen was to scared to keep her colony in her own hands. So this made hopper more powerful than ever so he took over. In addition, the bug council was also socialism. They were almost like the government. They made the decisions to what went on in the colony before Hopper and his gang came along. They talked as a group and made decisions as a whole group instead of one person. In summary, this movie made the lesson we learned a whole lot easier to understand. From free enterprise to socialism the movie had key points. To the circus, Hopper and his gang and the Bug Council. I learned a lot which made the lesson much easier for...
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...The setting for the story is an ant colony in New York City, The main character, Z is a worker ant for strives to be seen as an individual, living in a society where individualism doesn’t matter. His friends include fellow worker Azteca and a soldier ant, Weaver. After failing to support a wrecking ball, Z mourns at a bar. This is where he meets Princess Bala who has snuck out of the palace to escape from her boring royal life. They dance, deterring from the traditional dance, which sparks a fight. This causes Princess Bala to run back to the palace leaving a love struck Z behind. In order to see Bala again, Z exchanges places with Weaver and joins the army. He doesn't realise that the army's leader and Bala's fiancé, General Mandible, is secretly sending all the soldiers loyal to the Queen to die so he can begin to build a colony filled with powerful ants. When told he is marching into battle, Z is scared as he is unexperienced and only became a soldier to meet Bala. All of the soldiers except for Z are killed, but Z falls into a pit, safe from the termites. Z returns home and is hailed as a war hero, even though he did not do anything and was traumatized by the fighting. He was also congratulated personally General Mandible, who was secretly annoyed that not all the ants were killed. Z is then introduced to the queen where he meets Princess Bala again. Bala then remarks that she remembered him as a worker with Z struggling to make valid excuses. He then panics and pretends...
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...- XTIB November 12, 2014 Ants What is an ant? An ant is a small insect that is often found living in social colonies with one or more queens breeding. Ants belong to the family Formicidae and to the order Hymenoptera that also includes bees and wasps. The bodies of ants are divided into three sections. The sections of the ants are the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. Many people may often get ants and termites confused. However, termites have a thicker waist between the abdomens and the thorax and ants do not. Ants also have elbowed antennae, bigger heads, and more powerful jaws. In this research paper I will discuss the ants habitat, reproduction, special adaptations and ecological significance. HABITAT Many ants are found particularly rotting logs that easily fall apart. Many species of ants live in the soil. Some ants such as carpenter ants live in wood and can be destructive to many buildings. Other ants live in cavities made inside of plants. In many parts of the United States, ants live in twigs or acorns on the ground. Army ants are the only ants that don’t live in a set location due to the fact that they are seeking out food for their colonies. REPRODUCTION The life of an ant starts with ant eggs. Fertilized ant eggs will result in a female and unfertilized ant eggs result in a male. The stages of the ant reproduction cycle: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. When ants mate they fly in the air. After they have mated the male ant dies and the female falls onto...
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