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Apple vs Foxconn

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Etisk refleksjonsoppgave – Apple VS Foxconn
Fag: Bedriften

Verdens største selskap, Apple, som produserer blant annet iPhone, iPad og iMac, har gjennom tidene etablert seg som en kvalitetsbedrift man kan stole på i verdenenssammenheng. I mai 2011 gjennomførte studentorganisasjonen SACOM en undersøkelse hos den største underleverandøren til Apple, taiwanske Foxconn, for å se nærmere på arbeiderenes arbeidsforhold. De enorme produksjonsfabrikker holder til i Kina, og resultatet fra SACOM var slående. Den vitner til blant annet barnearbeid, mangel på sikkerhet, grov diskriminering, urimelige arbeidstider og trakassering av arbeiderene. Foxconn rekrutterer nye arbeidere ved propagandareklamer som viser et godt arbeidsmiljø, høye lønninger og gode velferdsordninger/bonusordninger. Mange av arbeiderene ble ekstremt skuffet når ingen av disse godene var utslagsgivende i det hele tatt! De skrekkelige arbeidsforholdene i Foxconn har også resultert i et antall selvmord blant arbeiderene. Etter folkepress, satt Foxconn opp en hjelpelinje for arbeidere i nød. Men en hjelpelinje som skulle hjelpe folk med skader og psykiske problemer, ble heller en hjelpeline som ikke svarer, og overhodet ikke overholder taushetsplikten ovenfor de nådeløse avdelingssjefene.

Jeg vil nå se på to problemstillinger som er rettet mot denne situasjonen.

Problemstilling 1: Hva slags ansvar har Apple for å bedre arbeidsforholdene for de ansatte hos Foxconn? - og burde Apple avsluttet samarbeidet med Foxconn etter så mange kritikkverdige saker?

Apple har et enormt ansvar ovenfor sine leverandører. En bedrift har ansvar for at det er gode og rettferdige arbeidsforhold for arbeiderene, og slik må det også være hos dens leverandører. For å kunne opprettholde et seriøst og godt rykte hos sine kundene, må også Apple være åpen for kritikk og behandle alle saker seriøst. Denne undersøkelsen av SACOM, viser enten til mangel av kontroll fra Apple sin side, eller en skjult toleranse for slike forhold. Det kan nesten virke som at Apple reagerer med å ikke helt være klar over situasjonen hos Foxconn, ettersom de i etterkant av undersøkelsen offentliggjør en 27 siders lang rapport som beskriver arbeidsforholdene i selskapets forsyningskjede. Her kommer det frem at Apple har gjennomført 229 besøk hos fabrikkene som leverer varer til Apple, som tydelig viser at de er klar over (til en viss grad) arbeidsforholdene hos for eksempel Foxconn. Så, dersom Apple har vært klar over arbeidsforholdene i Foxconn en god stund, er det nesten enda mer urovekkende at Apple tydeligvis ikke har gjort mye for å forbedre situasjonen. De har rett og slett lurt sine kunder til å kjøpe ulovligproduserte varer!

For å overholde sitt ansvar ovenfor kundene og arbeiderene hos underleverandørene sine, må Apple gjøre drastiske tiltak. I 2010 doblet Foxconn lønningene hos enkelte arbeidere i sine fabrikker i Kina. Denne lønnsøkningen var dårlig kontrollert av Apple ettersom lønnen ble redusert med 30% i august 2011, grunnet underskudd etter første halvår (China Business News, 30 august 2011). Selv om Foxconn er et selvstendig selskap, bør Apple gå med på en kontrollert lønnsøkning for samtlige arbeidere, samt forbedre og kontrollere arbeidsforholdene til arbeiderene. Dette vil føre til høyere lønn- og vedlikeholdskostnader hos Foxconn, som igjen fører til høyere produksjonskostnad på produktet. Dette bør Apple godta, uten at det går utover prisen på produktene. For det å vise at de er rettferdige ovenfor arbeiderene, vil gjenspeiles på motivasjonen og engasjementet hos ansatte i blant annet Foxconn. Motivasjon og engasjement fører også til bedre produkter ved at feil- og defektprosenten minkes, som også fører til bedre produkter og mer fornøyde kunder. Her ser man at for å få et best mulig produkt med de mest fornøyde kundene, starter alt hos arbeidsforholdene hos arbeiderene.

Det å avslutte samarbeidet med Foxconn, er ikke en god løsning på utfordringene Apple har. Det vil føre til at de nærmere 150 000 arbeiderene kan miste arbeidsplassen sin, dersom Foxconn ikke finner en ny kunde. Selvsagt vil det være et negativt utslag på de ansatte, om de skulle miste sine jobber. De må da søke nye jobber, der de også kan møte urimelige arbeidsforhold og dårlige lønnsordninger. Arbeidsledigheten i Kina er også veldig høy, og det kan være vanskelig for ansatte i Foxconn å finne seg nye arbeidsmuligheter. Apple sine produkter er jo kjent for å være kvalitetsprodukter. Det vil si at Apples underleverandører produserer kvalitet, som underbygger det gode ryktet. Dersom Apple hadde avsluttet samarbeidet med Foxconn, måtte de ha investert mye penger i å finne en like god erstatter (like god; i form av varene de produserer til Apple). Så det å eventuelt avslutte er samarbeid mellom Apple og Foxconn, vil få en negativ utslagseffekt hos begge parter.

Problemstilling 3: Selv om noen engasjerer seg, er det slående hvor lite engasjement og protester Apple har blitt møtt med. Hvorfor engasjere ikke du og/eller andre BI studenter dere på linje med SACOM? Drøft om mangelen på engasjement skyldes ulike former for moralsk nøytralisering. Store og resurssterke bedrifter, som i dette tilfellet Apple, har mye makt på markedet. Det kan gi de en fordel når det gjelder mediedekning i slike skandalesaker. Denne saken for eksempel, er en ukjent sak her i Norge siden den har ikke lagd store medieoppslag. For det er nemlig media som rekker ut til folket, og gir de inntrykk og samt setter i gang en tankeprosess som kan føre til en vurdering og/eller revurdering ut ifra de respektive sakene. Det kan nesten virke som om Apple har begrenset media sin dekking i dette tilfellet, selv om det bare er en antagelse. Det er først etter ungdomsorganisasjonen SACOM gjennomførte sin etterforskning, at denne saken mot Apple har fått oppmerksomhet. Selvsagt er denne saken skadene for Apples fremtid, men for å kunne opprettholde en profesjonell standard, må de følge rettferdige og lovgitte retningslinjer for å ikke undergrave seg selv. De må også være åpen om fakta ved slike store feilskjær som her har skjedd og bevist etter SACOMs etterforskning. En annen grunn til at Apple ikke har blitt møtt med de største protestene, kan være at folket har opparbeidet seg et godt bilde av Apple. Kundene er fornøyd med produktene, og for noen er det det viktigeste. Selv om varen blir produsert i elendige og urettferdige arbeidsforhold, er en del kunder fornøyd bare de selv får et godt produkt. Denne egoismen har i det moderne samfunn bygd seg kraftig opp i det siste. Det blir på en måte å mene at forskjellsbehandling er greit, bare vi selv er på den gode siden. Det at Norge har blitt velstående land, bringer med seg en enorm egoisme og selvopptatthet, som blir bare verre og verre. Man tenker ikke over hvordan andre har det, og kan i mange tilfeller ignorere andres lidelse bare det egner en selv godt. Dette skyldes at man selv aldri har opplevd slik diskriminering. Man har vokst opp i et velferdsland der lover og regler om arbeiderens rettigheter fungerer godt. Her har man alltid hatt noen å gå til med sine problemer, og slik fungerer det over hodet ikke i Foxconn. For når en hjelpelinje med helsepersonell ikke svarer og virker useriøse og korrupte, fungerer ikke dette, og er en situasjon vi i velutviklede Norge ikke forstår. Denne moralske nøytraliseringen er ikke en langsiktig tankegang. Staten Norge vil selv i sin fremtid oppleve store utfordringer de må stå over for, og man kan ikke møte de med den moralen vi har den dag i dag. Man må derfor tenke igjennom hvordan andre har det, og hjelpe de som ikke har det like godt som oss selv. Jeg tror at det er nettopp denne moralske nøytraliseringen kan være en utslagsgivende effekt i spørsmålet om hvorfor jeg og/eller andre BI studenter ikke har engasjert oss i stor grad i denne saken. En annen grunn, er helt klart den at saken ikke har fått stor mediedekning i Norge. Jeg personlig, hadde ikke hørt om verken Foxconn, eller hvordan de opererer og samarbeider med Apple. Det ironiske er at jeg selv skriver på en MacBook for øyeblikket, uten å ha en anelse av hvilke arbeidsforhold den ble produsert under. Dersom media gjør folk mer oppmerksom på slike tilfeller, tror jeg mange (inkludert meg selv) hadde tatt en vurdering neste gang de kjøper seg for eksempel en pc. Det hadde vert vanskelig å engasjert oss på samme linje som det SACOM gjør. De er en godt organisert forening som består av ungdommer. Med god oppslutning og engasjerte medlemmer, kan man virkelig gjøre en forskjell. Jeg tror absolutt at vi på BI kan gjøre en forskjell dersom man finner en case mange bryr seg om, og er selv ute etter å kunne bidra. Konklusjon Det er klart at her har Apple en jobb å gjøre for å klare å opprettholde sine salgstall og tenke langsiktig. En av verdens største selskaper kan ikke utnytte sine leverandører slik som dette. For nemlig alt starter i det små hos arbeiderene, som må tas godt vare på av både Apple og Foxconn. Ressurssterke Apple har store fordeler når det kommer til å forbedre arbeidsforholdene hos Foxconn, som er noe de må gjøre selv om det går ut over de budsjetterte kostnadene. Apple må også kunne opptre 100% ærlige ovenfor media og arbeiderene sine. De må tåle kritikk fra både studenter og andre organisasjoner, lære, og gjøre noe med det. Dette vil gjøre de enda større, slik at de fortsatt vil være ledende innen kvalitetsprodukter innenfor elektronikk. Det er derimot ikke en løsning å boikotte Apple, eller at Apple avslutter sitt samarbeid med Foxconn. Det er bedre at kjøperen stiller konkrete spørsmål ved produktet og produksjonen, og deretter vurderer. Dersom kunden kan bevise at produktet har gått igjennom en urettferdig/ulovlig produksjon, bør han/hun, engasjere seg i dette. For vi kan alle gjøre en liten forskjell, bare vi tørr.

Referanseliste Nettsider: * SACOM. 2012. Sist hentet 26.09.12. http://sacom.hk/mission. * IEH.2005. Sist hentet 26.09.12. http://www.etiskhandel.no/Artikler/6701.html * SACOM. 2012.”iSlave behind the iPhone” Sist hentet 26.09.12. http://sacom.hk/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/20110924-islave-behind-the-iphone.pdf * Casetekst. 2012. Sist hentet 26.09.12. * Kunnskapssenteret. 2005. Sist hentet 26.09.12. http://www.kunnskapssenteret.com/articles/3136/1/Styrets-oppgaver-og-ansvar/Hvilke-oppgaver-og-ansvar-har-styret.html * China Business News: via SACOM. 2012. ”iSlave behind the iPhone”. Sist hentet 26.09.12. http://sacom.hk/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/20110924-islave-behind-the-iphone.pdf

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...linshan-li@uiowa.edu Apple Inc. (NSDQ: AAPL) April 17, 2012 Current Price $609.60 Target Price $765-790 Apple Bytes Its Way To The Top  The iPad has revolutionized the booming tablet industry and is dominating a 61% market share with a unit sales increase of 111% over the year ago quarter. A yearly increase of 334% in sales volume during FY2011 makes the iPad the most popular product in the tablet industry.  Apple shattered analysts’ expectations for Q1 of its FY2012 with 37.04 million iPhones sold representing 128% unit growth over the year ago quarter. The iPhone is penetrating emerging markets in China, Asia-Pacific, and Europe targeting global growth.  Future product innovation in the iPhone fifth generation and iPad fourth generation will capture more market share while sustaining high levels of growth. Apple’s potential for penetrating the television market will again affirm its position as the top producer in consumer electronics.  CEO Tim Cook announced dividends to be paid to shareholders beginning next quarter at a yield of 1.8% or $2.65 per share. He also announced a $10 billion buyback starting in fiscal year 2013, and continuing through 2014 and 2015; signaling an undervalued company.  On January 25, 2012, Apple topped Exxon Mobile as the largest company in the world by market capitalization; currently at $568.5 billion. Share price has consistently grown with a 48.26% increase YTD and a five year increase of 570.22%. Company Overview Apple Inc. was established...

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Finance

...DIRECCIÓN ESTRATÉGICA I Enrique Schonberg Schwarz: Enrique.schonberg@upf.edu Tema 1. Definición y Orígenes de la estrategia (Brainstorming en clase) Plan, disyuntiva, decisión, reflexión, pasos a seguir y orden hacia un fin, línea de acción. Tres pasos en una estrategia tradicional: * Misión * Estrategia * Estructura Porter (1996): Dos conceptos diferenciados. Efectividad Operacional (eficiencia frente a la competencia) y Estrategia (realizar algo distinto a la competencia). Caso etiquetas botella de agua: No aporta valor al cliente, comprarlas baratas. En el caso del fabricante de etiquetas, reducir costes (mediante economías de escala). Guerra de reducción de costes entre estos fabricantes. → Ejemplo de efectividad operacional. Un ejemplo de estrategia sería el empresario que se queda en el nicho de etiquetas resinadas. Tres ejes de la estrategia (funcionamiento circular): Know-How, Producto/Servicio y Mercado. Ejemplo de caída en el eje de mercado, a veces optar por otro funciona. Pero se debe dar énfasis en el Know-How. En el caso de la etiqueta, el empresario de las etiquetas resinadas se vio en una mala situación económica. Una salida fue buscar otros ámbitos e industrias donde el Know-How (aplicación de resina) es útil. Nueva aplicación en sensores de tráfico ferroviario: Alto coste y disposición de pago por los clientes. Si hubiera seguido en efectividad operacional (no pudiendo por falta de recursos) hubiera llevado al fin de la empresa dentro...

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