...Epidemiology Paper on Childhood Obesity Obesity is a global epidemic affecting millions of the world population. Childhood obesity is especially worrisome as it is linked to higher incidence of health issues in adulthood (Lakshman, Elks, & Ong, 2012). There are many factors to look at when assessing the prevalence of childhood obesity, including culture, socio-economic status, food availability, activity, and genetics. To better understand this problem, it is essential to understand the factors that lead to obesity, how obesity is studied, and what are ways to help reduce the occurrence of obesity. Through epidemiology, this health concern can be better understood and provide the information needed to generate a plan of action to help reduce the risk factors that lead to childhood obesity. Epidemiology is “the study of the occurrence and distribution of health–related states or events and specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states, and the application of this knowledge to control the health problems” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, pg 255). Through epidemiology the questions of who, what, where, when, how, and why can be investigated to offer information about the dissemination or patterns of health measures. The Epidemiological Triangle allows epidemiologists to understand the relationships between agent, host, and the environment when looking at a specific health concern. When considering childhood obesity, the agent could be viewed...
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...investigator collaborating with the two (2) agencies to obtain vital statistics on your particular demographic, you are tasked with obtaining the logistics and planning phase of the report. Prioritize the items you would consider when formulating comprehensive letters of inquiry to the agencies. * From the third e-Activity, suppose you are the County Department of Health, Director of STDs Tracking and Surveillance System, tasked with drafting a memo to your state’s head of the DOH about ways to optimize your county’s efficiency. Prepare a rudimentary list of possible questions to articulate your concerns. Provide a rationale for the questions you have chosen. HSA 535 Week 2 Discussion 1 "Applications of Epidemiology" Please respond to the following: * Using the basics and applications of...
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...Epidemiology: Global and Public Health Jennifer Nurse NUR408 January 2011 Nancy Nurse, EdD, RN, PHN, LSN Epidemiology: Global and Public Health According to the Centers for Disease Control, “diabetes affects 25.8 million people, 8.3% of the U.S. population” (Center for Disease control and Prevention, 2012, par 1). Twice as many African Americans are likely to develop diabetes than Caucasian Americans. These statistics represent how serious diabetes has become for the black community. Epidemiology can focus healthcare efforts and interventions to help lower the incidence of diabetes of the African Americans. This paper will focus on the role of epidemiology in the observation of the frequency of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of American of African decent. This paper will also include the definition and description of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, types of epidemiology, and prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and Description of Epidemiology Epidemiology is defined as, “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, p. 243). Epidemiology has provided an understanding of the factors...
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...professionals to be available to take care of the elder generation. The acuity on my floor are seeing more and more elderly’s coming in with stroke and fractures. Hung, H., Wang, H., Chang, Y., & Chen, C. (2010). [Nursing knowledge: the evolution of scientific philosophies and paradigm trends]. Hu Li Za Zhi The Journal Of Nursing, 57(1), 64-70. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. NSNA (2011) Meeting Today’s Global Health Care Challenges retrieved from http://www.nsna.org/Portals/0/Skins/NSNA/pdf/Imprint_Feb04_Hancock.pdf patterns of health events in populations characterizes health outcomes in terms of what, who, where, when, and why: What is the outcome? Who is affected? Where are they? When do events occur? This focus of epidemiology is called descriptive epidemiology, because it seeks to describe the occurrence of a disease in terms of person, place, and time (Koepsell and Weiss, 2003). The Week 2 Thanks for asking Sue. When we make the distinction between quantitative and qualitative, we are really referring to the method of data collection and the type of data collected. Quantitative...
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...Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper May 2, 2016 University of Phoenix NUR/408 Diabetes in the Youth: Epidemiology Paper Diabetes has become a serious issue in our youth, even though the mortality rates have decreased over the years the rate is still too high. According to the CDC (2012), From 1968–1969 to 2008–2009, the death rate from diabetes among youths under the of 19 decreased 61%, from 2.69 per million to 1.05 per million. The death rate among youths under 10 years of age decreased 78%, from 1.80 per million to 0.39 per million, and the death rate among youths aged 10–19 years decreased 52%, from 3.56 per million to 1.71 per million (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2012). The seriousness of these statistics shows that diabetes is disease requiring significant attention in the youth population. Epidemiological studies are needed in order to direct healthcare in the youth population and to provide effective interventions designed to reduce the prevalence and incidence rates of diabetes amongst our youth. Definition and Purpose of Study The purpose of epidemiology is to study disease and as a tool of community health it performs this function through a series of steps: 1. Search for determinants – A search for causes and factors that influence public health such as disease or high risk behaviors such as drug use. 2. Study of events- Health-related states or events need to be studied such as chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternal-child...
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...Epidemiology Question 1 1. Case control studies are designed in such a way so as to explore whether exposure can be associated with a particular outcome, such as a disease or certain condition. In these studies, the definition groups are based on the outcome and exposure assessment for potential risk factors. The first step in case control studies is the identification of the case (for example a group of people known to have the certain condition), as well as the control group ( a group that does not have the outcome). The second step is to explore whether some of the subjects in each group were exposed, and how the frequency of the exposure is measured between the case and the control group. Case control studies are basically observational, because there is no intervention taking place, and is a retrospective determination of the exposure to a certain risk factor. Advantages of case control studies • Case control studies are relatively less time consuming, since the disease has occurred in the past, therefore there is no need to assess the disease or condition. • They are an efficient way to study rare cases and diseases or outbreaks of diseases, since they are fast; during an outbreak, the fast examination of certain conditions is required, and a sufficient number of people suffering can be quickly accessed. • They allow a simultaneous examination of multiple conditions and risk factors • Allow the establishment of associations between suspected risk...
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...Public health is ‘The science and art of promoting and protecting health and well-being, preventing ill-health and prolonging life through the organized efforts of society’. Public health as we know it today has moved on from what is considered the origins in the 19th century. However the core principles to which it was set up and developed still remain the same. It has always been population based and it has always ensured people stay healthy and avoid getting ill. To understand public health you must look at the developments from the 19th century to modern day, the social reformers who made changes to law and the way people live there lives. Also understand the key factors and strategies used to help evolve it to accommodate modern Brittan. The term public health has been used in Britain since the Victorian period. It was a time of radical change and a period when improving the health of the public was high on the agenda of governments. During this period there were many aspects that resulted in reform to public health. There was an alarming number of mortality statistics for this time. ‘Half of all children in Manchester in the 1830’s died before they reached the age of five’. (Walsh M Stephens 2005 p256) In Liverpool the statistics at this time were no better, labourers were lucky to live past their 15th birthday. Industrialisation had far reaching social effects. It transformed cities from an agrarian society to an industrial one. Combined with industrialisation you...
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...Dietary Intake and Risk Factors for Poor Diet Quality Among Children in Nova Scotia Paul J. Veugelers, PhD1 Angela L. Fitzgerald, MSc, PDt2 Elizabeth Johnston, PhD, PDt, FDC3 ABSTRACT Objective: Public health policies promote healthy nutrition but evaluations of children’s adherence to dietary recommendations and studies of risk factors of poor nutrition are scarce, despite the importance of diet for the temporal increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity. Here we examine dietary intake and risk factors for poor diet quality among children in Nova Scotia to provide direction for health policies and prevention initiatives. Methods: In 2003, we surveyed 5,200 grade five students from 282 public schools in Nova Scotia, as well as their parents. We assessed students’ dietary intake (Harvard’s Youth Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire) and compared this with Canadian food group and nutrient recommendations. We summarized diet quality using the Diet Quality Index International, and used multilevel regression methods to evaluate potential child, parental and school risk factors for poor diet quality. Results: In Nova Scotia, 42.3% of children did not meet recommendations for milk products nor did they meet recommendations for the food groups ‘Vegetables and fruit’ (49.9%), ‘Grain products’ (54.4%) and ‘Meat and alternatives’ (73.7%). Children adequately met nutrient requirements with the exception of calcium and fibre, of which intakes were low, and dietary fat and sodium...
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...In this case, Cryptosporidium will be analysed under spatial epidemiology in which it was also detected in Port Macquarie. This is the most common and frequent cause of waterborne diseases globally and stems from cryptosporidium parasites causing Cryptosporidiosis this may also be commonly known as crypto. Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal causing disease, Waldron, Dimeski, Beggs, Ferrari, & Power Investigated the sporadic nature of cryptosporidiosis between 2008-2010. Under the analysis of NSW cryptosporidiosis disease clusters were detected and noted to occur in Sydney, Newcastle, Dubbo, Bathurst, Port Macquarie and North-eastern areas in the state. Port Macquarie along with Wagga Wagga had subtype clusters of C. hominis and C. parvum (Waldron, Dimeski, Beggs, Ferrari, & Power (2011). The control and management...
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...stakeholders. The main objective of public health intervention is to better the health of individuals through treating and preventing diseases and other health related conditions (Turnock, 2012). This paper will address the most pressing public health challenge and move to an intervention system that can be used to tackle the challenge. Obesity is one of the greatest challenges that the public health continues to contend with in this modern times. This challenge has imparted negative health consequences and high costs to the society as a whole. Obesity is a health condition whose main feature is the accumulation of excess body fat in a patient’s body. This condition comes about from the sustenance of adiposity which occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. A person is considered obese when his BMI exceeds 29.9 kg/m2. BMI has been used as an important measure for obesity and has helped in informing public health interventions to deal with this challenge (Kopelman et al, 2010). The Burden of Obesity The world has witnessed a steady increase in the prevalence of obesity in the world. In the UK, the prevalence of obesity has proceeded at doubling rate annually and it is estimated that by the...
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...1 Introduction to Clinical Applications Objectives In this chapter we will study • various approaches to the study of disease; • the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; • common causes of disease; • the distinction between signs and symptoms of disease; • terms used to describe the time course of a disease; and • common abbreviations for medical specialists and specialties. Homeostasis and Disease The body’s tendency to maintain internal stability is called homeostasis. Examples include the body’s relatively stable temperature, blood glucose concentration, hormone levels, acid-base balance, and electrolyte balance. When physiological variables deviate too much from their set point, the body activates negative feedback loops that tend to restore stability and maintain health. In some cases, such as the stoppage of bleeding, positive feedback loops are activated to bring about rapid change. If the attempt to regain homeostasis fails, disease results. There is a strong emphasis in medicine today on promoting wellness through prevention. However, this manual focuses on what happens when prevention fails, homeostasis is disrupted, and disease occurs. The Study of Disease Disease (illness) is any deviation from normal that interferes with correct, life-sustaining bodily function. Literally, the word means dis-ease, the opposite of ease (comfort and normal function). Disease may have underlying structural foundations, such as a broken bone, and its...
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...Instructor: Roy Redman HCM307-1304A-03: The Health Care Industry Phase 4 Individual Project November 4, 2013 A See PowerPoint Presentation Well Done Joann: Future Healthcare Trends: - provided and discussed the major areas of technology in healthcare and how the innovations will apply to the field in 4-6 slides with speaker notes. Points - 43 /45 Critical Thinking Skills: student advances the discussion by synthesizing some information and drawing most of the required conclusions; additional details could be provided, but basic content is covered. Points - 33 /35 Application of Material to Real Life/Professional Experiences: answers are mostly complete and encourage understanding of the subject matter. Points: - 29 / 30 Organization of Material – thoughtful, thorough, well developed responses to the object of this assignment. Points - 25 / 25 APA Format, Grammar, and Sentence Structure: - Grammar and sentence structure are correct; APA format is followed. Points 15 / 15 Total Points 145 / 150 Be curious, Roy Redman Shi and Singh; Chapters 5, 12 & 14 Task Type: Individual Project Deliverable Length: PowerPoint Presentation 4–6 slides with speaker notes (not including title/referencce slides) with s Points Possible: 150 Due Date: 11/4/2013 11:59:59 PM CT One of the high points of the campaign will be a look to the future of Healing Hands Hospital. Mr. Wood asks you to help the public relations committee come up with some ideas that can be used in...
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...“The emerging epidemics of obesity in developing countries”, Retrieved on July 9th, 2012 from: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/1/93.short Aboulnasr, K. (2010, January 1). Gender Differences in the Processing of Nutrition Information on Food Products. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, 47, 528-556. Aggett, PJ et al. (2005) PASSCLAIM Process for the Assessment of Scientific Support for Claims on Foods: Consensus on Criteria. Eur J Clin Nut 44 (Suppl 1), pp. 1-30. Alice T. Yang Æ David S. Sugarbaker Æ Paul E. Farmer (2008), “Increasing Access to Surgical Services for the Poor in Rural Haiti: Surgery as a Public Good for Public Health”. World J Surg 32:pp. 537–542 Baek, O. K. (2009). The engines of Hippocrates: From the Dawn of Medicine to Medical and Pharmaceutical Informatics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Bailey, R. (2007, December 1). Japan 2007 yearend update: demographic trends point to a strong potential market for non-drug products as the costs of healthcare rise and new health claim categories are explored.(JAPAN INSIDER). Nutraceuticals World, 9, pp. 53-62. Bevan H, Ham C Plsek PE (2008) “The Next Leg of the Journey: How do we make High Quality Care for All a Reality? Coventry”: NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. 89-102 Bourdieu, P., 1986, “The Forms of Capital”, in Richardson JG (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, Greenwood Press, New York, pp. 241-258 Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal,...
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...Introduction In September 27, 2013, on a routine United Airlines flight between Houston and Seattle, the captain of the flight suffered a heart attack mid-flight. The plane was carrying 161 passengers and six crewmembers. The co-pilot took control of the aircraft and landed the aircraft successfully in Boise, Idaho. The captain was rushed to the hospital, where he was declared dead the next day. He was 63 years of age. Incidents such has this are not uncommon, they occur quiet often across the aviation industry domestically and internationally. For instance, a Indian captain aged 43, operating for Qatar Airways suffered a similar heart attack mid-flight, three years prior to the United Airlines captain. The captain of Qatar Airways complained of chest pain mid-flight and a decision was made to land immediately. The captain died during decent, and medical reports suggested that he had died of a cardiac arrest (Editors, 2010). In the above incidents both the captains had a valid medical certificate and were declared fit to fly by their respective companies. According to the national heart, lung and blood institute, a heart attack occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood suddenly becomes restricted when flowing into a section of the heart muscle (Editors, 2013). This restriction is caused due to the build of plaque in the arteries of the heart. Patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) are generally prone to heart attacks and one can only assume if either pilots were CHD candidates...
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...Childhood obesity is considered one of the major pressing health issues of our century. The rate of childhood obesity has increased alarmingly, with the number of obese children under five globally standing at over 42 million today. Approximately 35 million of obese children are living in the developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) children who are obese and overweight are very likely to stay obese into their adulthood; further, they stand a high chance of developing non communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease while they are still young (Cheng, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the gravity of childhood obesity based on statistics and the health effects that the issue has on the children and impacts in the society. Further, the study will develop a health advocacy plan for the problem. Review laws, regulations, and ethical issues that could impact health advocacy plan in regards to childhood obesity. Population Health Issue and Population Affected Childhood obesity has spread to global dimensions and is progressively affecting many low- and middle-income countries, and particularly those that are domiciled in urban settings. In the US alone, one in every five children is obese or overweight; this number is on the rise. Although weight problems can be traced back to the family genealogy, however, this is not all children who come from families that have a known problem of obesity will become...
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