...ARCHITECTURE ET TECHNOLOGIE DES ORDINATEURS Sylvain TISSERANT Université de la Méditerranée Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Luminy - Département d’informatique 2003 S. Tisserant – ESIL – Architecture et Technologie des Ordinateurs - 2003 2 Introduction I.1 Architecture des ordinateurs I.1.a L'informatique aujourd'hui Apparue au milieu du 20ème siècle, l'informatique a connu et connaît une évolution extrêmement rapide. A sa motivation initiale qui était de faciliter et d'accélérer le calcul, se sont ajoutées de nombreuses fonctionnalités, comme l'automatisation, le contrôle et la commande de pratiquement tout processus, la communication ou le partage de l'information. Dans nos sociétés occidentales elle omniprésente. Après avoir été un outil réservé aux centres de recherche, elle s'est implantée dans l'industrie et depuis les années 80 elle envahit nos foyers. Au départ nous n'avions que des systèmes centraux, puis sont apparus les postes de travail individuels, très rapidement reliés en réseaux locaux. Tous, ou presque, sont maintenant connectés à la "Toile". Nombreux sont les projets actuels d'utilisation et de gestion d'une puissance de calcul énorme distribuée sur un grand nombre de sites disséminés de par le monde. L'informatique est en grande partie responsable de la profonde transformation que connaît actuellement la civilisation des pays riches. Les évolutions techniques sont telles que la durée de vie des matériels est relativement courte. Le marché...
Words: 5614 - Pages: 23
...Wireless Technology Solutions and Automation For Southland Pharmaceuticals, LLC. Wireless Technology and Automation Wireless technologies are not the same radio-frequency devices that were implemented in the 1980s for inventory management. Today, various wireless products are available. Companies are applying these products in innovative ways and, in some cases, achieving large cost savings. Most recently, manufacturers have successfully applied wireless process transmitters and wireless instrumentation to controls and distributed control systems (DCS) solutions that address validation and safety concerns. Often, paper-based validation protocols may be adulterated with chemicals and process materials when initiated and completed near process equipment. In some cases, portions of the paper protocol are lost or destroyed, and the protocol must be executed again. But paperless engineering protocols can be initiated at the point of validation. In a paperless approach, the protocols are initiated electronically to capture the execution data and signatures at the point of validation. Rugged wireless terminals manage the electronic protocol. Power, M. (n.d.). Automation is the result of industrialization, driven by the need to increase productivity, to achieve consistent quality products, and to remove mundane, repetitive, strenuous, hazardous and heavy work from workers. Early attempts at automation took the form of mere mechanical machines, to electro-mechanical devices...
Words: 2164 - Pages: 9
...Sapienza Università di Roma Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica 1 Definizioni di base L’analisi temporale serve a rispondere a una serie di quesiti quali: • in quanto tempo il progetto (o una sua parte) terminerà? • quando può (o deve) cominciare una determinata attività? • quanto può essere ritardato l’inizio di un’attività senza rallentare l’intero progetto? ASSUNZIONI DEL MODELLO • • Risorse: nessun vincolo Attività non interrompibili (no preemption) OBIETTIVI: calcolare il minimo tempo di completamento del progetto (makespan) identificare le attività critiche e altre grandezze d’interesse 2 Piani delle attività • L’input è il grafo delle precedenze generalizzate H = (V, F) con insieme di attività V e insieme di archi F (precedenze generalizzate), unitamente al vettore delle durate delle attività d R+|V| • Principale prodotto dell’ottimizzazione è il piano temporale delle attività (schedule) che soddisfi tutti i vincoli di precedenza e ottimizzi una specifica funzione obiettivo. • Il piano può essere rappresentato associando a ogni attività i V una variabile reale si che indica l’istante iniziale dell’attività. • Il piano è quindi un vettore s R|V| • L’obiettivo è minimizzare la durata dell’intero progetto, ovvero la quantità: sn – s1 (inizio attività fine progetto – inizio attività inizio progetto) 3 Problema del makespan Def. Makespan: durata minima del progetto Problema del calcolo del makespan: trovare un piano s che soddisfi tutti...
Words: 4729 - Pages: 19
...Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. In April 2004, when the case challenging the legality of their detention was argued before the U.S. Supreme Court, Guantánamo still appeared to many as a strange aberration, as an “animal,” with “no other like it,” as Justice Ginsburg stated. Descriptions of Guantánamo as a lawless zone enhanced this image of its exceptional status: a legal black hole, a legal limbo, a prison beyond the law, a “permanent United States penal colony floating in another world.”3 Yet since the revelations of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib in Iraq and the leak of the Washington “torture memos,” it has become increasingly clear that, more than an anomaly, Guantánamo repre- sents the start of the “road to Abu Ghraib,” one island in a global penal archi- pelago, where the United States indefinitely detains, secretly transports, and tortures uncounted prisoners from all over the world.4 As a rallying cry against human rights abuses in the U.S. “war on terror,” Guantánamo has come to embody what Amnesty International calls a “gulag for our times.”5 The global dimensions of Guantánamo cannot be understood separately from its seemingly bizarre location in Cuba. Prisoners captured in Afghani- stan and around the world were transported here, to a country quite close geographically, yet far politically, from the United States, a country with which the United States has no diplomatic relations. Guantánamo occupies a transi- tional political space, where a prison housed in a communist nation against ...
Words: 587 - Pages: 3
...Marketing approaches – Archi and Building courses Guiding principles 1. Maximum impact with minimum resources a. Utilise social media b. Promotional videos c. Utilise alumni (current and past students) 2. Minimise own costs d. Sponsorship e. Joint events with non-competitors/synergies with professional bodies f. Promote in conjunction with conference attendance, especially local g. Everyone to become an ambassador h. Other ideas? 3. Identify strengths and weaknesses i. What makes our product unique? j. Why would others choose our product? Which aspects should be promoted? How to tell others that the profession is reasonably recession-proof (even if the overall economy is not doing well)? k. What are we doing well? l. Where do we need to make improvements? How to do this? 4. Increase retention rates m. internal marketing n. addressing specific needs of international students o. stream orientation – making sure streams selected for the right reasons Who can provide advice on effective marketing approaches 1. Stakeholders a. Our own students b. Recent graduates c. Alumni d. Employers e. Careers teachers f. Course Advisory Committee g. Staff/course coordinators brainstorming session 2. Marketing people h. brief them about our product i. get access to branding information j. get...
Words: 303 - Pages: 2
...Screen-reader users, click here to turn off Google Instant. WebImagesMapsMoreSearch toolsSafeSearch on Page 2 of about 209,000 results (0.23 seconds) Search Results I need the questions answered for the parts emporium case study. www.coursehero.com/.../7103887-I-need-the-questions-answered-for-th... I need assistance with the following case study. Short answer form is fine. Read the case study Parts Emporium 10-1 and thoroughly answer the questions at the ... [DOC] Case Assignment Consider the case study "Parts Emporium" at the ... site.iugaza.edu.ps/iismail/files/Case-Assignment.docx Case Assignment, Consider the case study "Parts Emporium" at the end of chapter 12: inventory management. Due Date, To be submitted by Sunday, 1/4/2012. Free Case Parts Emporium Essays 1 - 30 Anti Essays www.antiessays.com/topics/case-parts-emporium/0 Get access to Case Parts Emporium Essays only from Anti Essays. Listed Results 1 - 30. Get studying today and get the grades you want. Only at. Free Essays on Parts Emporium Case Study 31 - 60 Anti Essays www.antiessays.com/topics/parts-emporium-case-study/30 Get access to Parts Emporium Case Study Essays only from Anti Essays. Listed Results 31 - 60. Get studying today and get the grades you want. Only at. ALLIS CHALMERS, CASE items in Equipment Parts Emporium store ... stores.ebay.com.my › eBay Stores Buy Equipment Parts Emporium, ALLIS CHALMERS items on eBay. Find a huge selection of CASE, CATERPILLAR, CLEVELAND items and...
Words: 566 - Pages: 3
...Question one Environmental analysis of the global steel industry The environmental analysis of the industry involves the identification and explanation of the environmental factors and variables which affects the industry as a whole. It involves carrying out the SWOT analysis of the industry. Therefore in this paper I will analyse two major environmental variables evident in the Severstal steel industry which include opportunities and threats. The main core competitors for the severstal steel companies are the international steel players such as china, South Korea and many others. Other competitors in the industry include the Arcelor Mittal who is the largest producer of steel, Larkish Mittal who is also a chief producer of steel are the main chief competitors of Severtal group steel company. The main threats which have been experienced by the Severstal groups steel companies are numerous and they include the existence of huge demand variations in the regional markets making planning hectic. There is also threat to entry to these lucrative markets by international steel players. The industry is also fragmented despite many mergers it has formed with others. The industry concentration has also been a major cause of rivalry in the steel industry causing many threats to Severstal steel companies. Despite the enormous threats and the market rivalry in the market, the Severstal steel companies have experienced many opportunities which include, the upcoming markets of Africa,...
Words: 745 - Pages: 3
...History (from Greek ἱστορία - historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events. The term includes cosmic, geologic, and organic history, but is often generically implied to mean human history. Scholars who write about history are called historians. Events occurring prior to written record are considered prehistory. History is the study of the human past as it is described in the written documents left by human beings. Here are a collection of more history definitions.—Kris Hirst History Definition History is a narration of the events which have happened among mankind, including an account of the rise and fall of nations, as well as of other great changes which have affected the political and social condition of the human race.—John J. Anderson. 1876. A Manual of General History. A usually chronological record of events, as of the life or development of a people or institution, often including an explanation of or commentary on those events: a history of the Vikings. b. A formal written account of related natural phenomena: a history of volcanoes. c. A record of a patient's medical background. d. An established record or pattern of behavior: an inmate with a history of substance abuse. 2. The branch of knowledge that records and analyzes...
Words: 930 - Pages: 4
...VCDD 290 Unit 1: Forms of Art Discussion Board Lisa McAlpine Art, much like beauty, is in the eyes of the beholder. Whether or not a piece may be considered “art” depends on how the viewer interprets the piece. For example, many do not find architecture or illustration to be “art”, because they are not traditional forms of art. They are perhaps the most unorthodox forms of art available. However, some find nontraditional forms of art more appealing due to the nonconventional nature of such pieces. Architecture is the most controversial art form, because many see it more as a science than an art form. However, there is a certain viewpoint that makes architecture artistic. Architecture is a visual art in the form of building, an art form that is larger than life, larger than the biggest sculpture. Architecture is not only art, but art that is not only visually appealing, but also has a useful purpose, unlike many other forms of art (ArchiteacherTM – Architecture and Aesthetics, 2002). There are a few timeless architectural pieces that have inspired the public for generations, and will continue for lifetimes to come. One such architectural masterpiece is the Roman Pantheon. The Roman Pantheon was constructed as a temple to the Romanian pagan gods, such as Diana (goddess of the Moon) and Apollo (God of the Sun) (Edkins, 1999). Though no one is completely sure when the Pantheon was built, brick stamps upon the side of the building suggest that the Pantheon was built between...
Words: 1283 - Pages: 6
...Looking back at my past, why do I always cry? I kept thinking that I should have given another try to the love that I had for you in my heart. Every night I go to bed, wondering why you left me behind. Nothing comes close to the love I had for you. Nothing seems to come close to the pain you gave me too. I want to be with you again. Our happy time and sweet moments but I can’t because I know that it will not happen again. It will become memories... just memories... JOSEPH: It was seventy five degrees, the sky a perfect, cloudless blue. I’m wearing my favorite shirt. I was looking at her. I’m crying in front of her and pleasing her to forgive me and comeback to me. I reached her with my eyes closed. Oh God! She is my life. I tried to go back from the start. To rebuild my life without her. To go on where I left of, but I can’t. I have the notion, I just can’t go back to what my life used to be because the truth is, and she was my life. She is my life… I want to be with her again. I miss the times when we’re together. Our happy times and sweet moments but I can’t. It will not happen again. It’ll become memories. Just memories that I can reminisce… just memories. It was the first day of shool. Nagmamdali akong tumakno papunta sa school. 1:00pm na nga lang ang pasok ko eh late pa ako. Kasalanan ko ba 12 na ako ng tanghali nagising no. ang sarap kaya maglaro ng Tetris kagbi lalo nat wala naming binatbat mga kalban ko. Sa pagpasok ko ng gate, biglang may...
Words: 977 - Pages: 4
...ucu 403business management information systems | Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Knowledge Work Systems | By: | Andrew Otieno BML/00018/1/2012Stanley Mwangi BML/000StellaDavid | Knowledge Management (KM) Knowledge Management involves developing and managing integrated, well-configured knowledge systems and increasingly embedding work systems within these knowledge systems. It involves systematically & actively managing and leveraging stores of knowledge in an organization. To do this, an organization needs to put in place; * Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) – to create knowledge * Office Automation Systems (OAS) – to distribute knowledge * Group Collaboration Systems (GCS) – to share knowledge * Artificial Intelligence Applications (AI) – to capture and codify knowledge Knowledge work systems (KWS) Knowledge work systems, such as scientific or engineering design workstations, promote the creation of new knowledge and ensure that new knowledge and technical expertise are properly integrated into the business. Knowledge work systems (KWS) serve the information needs at the knowledge level of the organization. Knowledge work systems can be defined as the information systems that aid knowledge workers to create and integrate new knowledge into the organization. A knowledge worker is a professional that intensely applies/generates knowledge at work. Their jobs consist primarily of creating new information and knowledge, like engineers, doctors and...
Words: 1896 - Pages: 8
...1 SPRING, 2014-2015 SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Class Id 00001 00002 00003 00004 00005 00006 Course Name ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS LABORATORY ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS LABORATORY ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS LABORATORY ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS LABORATORY ADVANCED TOPICS IN PROGRAMMING III LABORATORY ALGORITHM LABORATORY 00007 00008 00009 00010 00011 00012 00013 00014 00015 00016 00017 00018 ALGORITHM LABORATORY ALGORITHM LABORATORY ALGORITHM LABORATORY ALGORITHM LABORATORY ALGORITHM LABORATORY ALGORITHM LABORATORY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEM LABORATORY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEM LABORATORY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEM LABORATORY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEM LABORATORY COMPUTER GRAPHICS LABORATORY COMPUTER GRAPHICS LABORATORY 00019 00020 00021 COMPUTER GRAPHICS LABORATORY COMPUTER GRAPHICS LABORATORY COMPILER DESIGN A D C B A D C B A G F E D C B A A B C D Sec A Time 12:0-2:0 11:0-2:0 10:0-12:0 11:0-2:0 4:0-6:0 2:0-5:0 4:0-6:0 5:0-8:0 4:0-6:0 5:0-8:0 08:0-10:0 08:0-11:0 10:0-12:0 08:0-11:0 12:0-2:0 11:0-2:0 2:0-4:0 2:0-5:0 08:0-10:0 08:0-11:0 4:0-6:0 08:0-11:0 4:0-6:0 5:0-8:0 2:0-4:0 2:0-5:0 4:0-6:0 11:0-2:0 12:0-2:0 11:0-2:0 4:0-6:0 5:0-8:0 08:0-10:0 08:0-11:0 10:0-12:0 08:0-11:0 12:0-2:0 11:0-2:0 2:0-4:0 2:0-5:0 12:30-2:0 Day T S W M S T T S M W S T M W T S W M M W W TH S T T S T TH W M M W W M T S W M T S ST RM 441 CL8 441 CL8 441 CL8 422 CL7 424 CL5 441 CL3 441 CL2 431 CL3 431 CL3 434 CL6 434 CL6 424 CL3 441 CL4...
Words: 15098 - Pages: 61
...________ography: continuous recording of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the inhaled and exhaled air | capn | _______ocyte: a cell that nourishes | troph | -agog | drawing forth | -agra | pain | -arche | beginning | -auxe | grow | -para | give birth | -salpinx | fallopian tube | -syrinx | cavity | -ter | instrument | (A prominent and sharp pubic) spine on a(rachitic) pelvis: ______pelvis | acantho | (any) tumor of the breast | mastoncus | (located) behind the breast(s) | retromammary | (slow) introduction of fluid into the rectum: recto | clysis | abnormal attraction to dead bodies: __________ia | necrophil | abnormal growth of a part | -auxis | abnormal sexual gratification | lagnia | abnormal shortness of the lower jaw: ______gnathia | brachy | abnormal size of the lips | macrolabia | absence (or less than normal amount) of carbon dioxide (in the blood or tissues) | acapnia | absence of the colored part of the eye | aniridea | absence of the lower jaw:a_________ | gnathia | absence of the mandible/jaw | agnathia | acapnia | lack of /less than normal amount of carbon dioxide in the blood | accumulation of carbon deposits in the lung | anthracosis | achloropsia | condition in which the color green cannot be discerned | actinodermatitis: inflammation of the skin due to | radiation | acyesis | non-pregnancy | affecting the first part of the small intestine and the liver: ic | duodenohepat | agent...
Words: 1969 - Pages: 8
...onal g Indian Institute o Technology Kharagpur of pur, engal, Pin 72 21302, INDIA A Kharagp West Be Dr. A Abraha Ar. am George is born on the Se venth of D e December, 1963. He has gradu uated with First Rank i n B. Arch f rom the Un iversity of Kerala in D December 1 986, secure M. Arch with Excel ed h llent Grade from India n Institute o Technolo of ogy, Kharag gpur, in 19 91 and Ph. in Devel opment of symbolic to .D ools for com mmunication in Archite cture n niversity, in 2005. He worked a an activ faculty member of the e as ve f from Calicut Un al ut, ugust Depa rtment of Architectur e, Nationa Institute of Techno logy-Calicu from Au 1988 to Januar 2009, a ry and has co ntributed t the caus of Archi tecture thr ough to se institu ution deve lopment, n numerous b building an interior projects; including the nd r presti igious adm inistrative complex o f NITC, re esearch pro ojects, nume erous publi ished pape rs, teachin and inv ng vited lectu ures. He w was award ded the J John Craw wford Schol arship by the Gov y vernment o Australi a, 1992 and Fulbr of right Rese earch wship 200 03-04 with centre of research at the De f epartment o Architec of cture, Fellow Corne Universit New Yo ell ty, ork. The N ehru Trust for Cambr ridge Colle ections, Vic toria Alber Museum, UK had aw arded him research gr rt rant for 20 05-06. His paper “Ga azing into th future of Architectu he f ure; An evo lving...
Words: 3739 - Pages: 15
...Le Hard Discount alimentaire Le Hard Discount Alimentaire L’historique du hard-discount alimentaire -L’historique Une forme de hard-discount (non alimentaire) est apparue en 1917 aux Etats-Unis. Cependant, le hard-discount alimentaire est réellement inventé en Allemagne dans la période post-seconde guerre mondiale (1947) par les frères Albrecht fondateurs d’Aldi. Après un échec dans les années 70, le hard-discount alimentaire arrive, véritablement, en France durant l’année 1988, par le lancement d’ED. A savoir, que la grande distribution ne croit pas en cette nouvelle forme de distribution. -Concept (Concept construit sur des prix bas, 20 % à 30% inférieurs aux GMS, accord solide et de longue durée avec les fournisseurs pour réduire les couts d’achats, marges réduites pour augmenter les volumes de vente.) -Définition « Un magasin hard-discount est un libre service alimentaire avec un personnel réduit, une présentation sommaire, un assortiment limité aux produits de base, des prix bas, peu ou pas de marques nationales, mais des produits sous marques de distributeurs ou des produits sans marque ». Le marché Pourquoi un tel succès ? Le phénomène est d'une simplicité désarmante : le pouvoir d'achat en chute libre entraîne l'explosion de la fréquentation des enseignes de l'alimentation « low cost » appelée plus fréquemment hard discount. Alors que ces derniers représentaient environ 13...
Words: 1774 - Pages: 8
