...CS 771 Artificial Intelligence Introduction to AI Outline • • • • Course overview What is AI? A brief history State of the Art Course overview • • • • • • • • • • • • • Intro to AI (chapter 1) Intelligent agents (chapter 2) Goal based agents and uninformed search(chapter 3.1-3.4) Informed Search : A* (chapter 3.5-3.6) Beyond classical search (chapter 4) Adversarial search alpha-beta pruning (chapter 5) Constraint satisfaction problem (chapter 6) Midterm 1 (chapter 1, 2, 3,4,5,6) Logical agents and propositional logic (chapter 7) First-order logic (chapter 8) Inference in first order logic (chapter 9) Midterm 2 (chapter 7, 8, 9) Quantifying uncertainty (chapter 13) Probabilistic reasoning using Bayes net (chapter 14) Probabilistic reasoning over time (chapter 15) Where is AI in Computer Science? Computer science : problem solving using computers • Computer Architecture and Operating System study how to build good computers. • Computation and Complexity Theory study what can be computed, what cannot be computed, i.e., the limits of different computing devices. • Programming Languages study how to use computers conveniently and efficiently. • Algorithms and Data Structures study how to solve popular computation problems efficiently. • Artificial Intelligence is relevant to any intellectual tasks, e.g., playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, writing poetry, driving a car on a crowded street, diagnosing diseases ...
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...Board's Module 3 Discussion 3B Forum, please start a thread titled "Mod 3, Discussion 3B/[Your Name]." Discussion Questions 1. Why is it important for Artificial Intelligence systems to be able to prove theorems in an automated way? First of all, knowing that a problem can be solved is a big help. Running search algorithms on problems that can not be solved can waste resources. Resolution is an important part of Artificial Intelligence research and provides a common method for systems to reason logically. This provides a basis for for computer systems to automatically reason about a database of facts. Please see http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/11/17/ibm_watson_jeopardy_success/ for information about the Knowledge gameshow Jeopardy and IBM’s Watson. 2. How does resolution differ from the way humans generally reason? Humans typically must learn or be taught logical methods of contradiction. Whereas deduction, and abduction are part of our everyday reasoning processes, proof by contradiction is not. I will go out on a limb and state that most humans have a limited number of steps in which to solve a proof. Resolution can be very mechanical and tedious. 3. What are some possible uses of automated reasoning? I think what has been opened up is that automated reasoning (AR) can greatly assist in problem solving to determine that a solution indeed does exist. Besides mathematics and logic, there are the fields of engineering, chemistry, and medicine that could benefit...
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...AND TECH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Biologically Inspired Intelligent Robots Using Artificial Muscles) PRESENTED BY: Praveen Kumar J Sai Krishna A B.Tech III/IV B.Tech III/IV j_pravee@yahoo.com adimula_saikrishna@yahoo.com Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines finds solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. A more or less flexible or efficient approach can be taken depending on the requirements established, which influences how artificial the intelligent behavior appears. Humans throughout history have always sought to mimic the appearance, mobility, functionality, intelligent operation, and thinking process of biological creatures. This field of biologically inspired technology, having the moniker biometrics, has evolved from making static copies of human and animals in the form of statues to the emergence of robots that operate with realistic appearance and behavior. This paper covers the current state-of-the-art and challenges to making biomimetic robots using artificial muscles. Keywords: EAP, artificial muscles, artificial intelligence, biometrics Introduction: ...
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...• Group Discussion Board Forum 1 Topic: Androids and the Mind/Body Problem Note: In order to fulfill this assignment you need to have read Hasker: ch 3. You also need to have viewed the video presentation “The Mind/Body Problem” and the PointeCast presentation “Proposed Solutions to the Mind/Body Problem.” If you have not done so, please stop now and read that chapter. Science fiction literature often raises philosophical issues and is a great source for philosophical speculation. This is especially true for the mind/body problem. For example, it is common in science fiction literature to encounter androids. An android is a robot which resembles a human being in appearance and behavior. Examples of androids in science fiction books, television programs or films are numerous (Star Trek, Star Wars, Aleins, Terminator, A.I., I Robot, etc.). In reality many computer scientists are currently working in the area of “artificial intelligence” or machines that can “think for themselves.” Many computer scientists believe this is the first step in creating these androids of the future and that in time the distinction between man and machine will be practically erased. These scientists speculate that androids with super-computer brains will have thoughts, beliefs, feelings and desires just like humans. Therefore, some argue, they will also have the same rights, responsibilities, and privileges that all humans have and should be treated as thus. Do you see problems with this view of...
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...INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Bioinsp. Biomim. 1 (2006) P1–P12 BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS doi:10.1088/1748-3182/1/1/P01 PERSPECTIVE Biomimetics—using nature to inspire human innovation Yoseph Bar-Cohen Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA E-mail: yosi@jpl.nasa.gov Received 7 November 2005 Accepted for publication 7 March 2006 Published 27 April 2006 Online at stacks.iop.org/BB/1/P1 Abstract Evolution has resolved many of nature’s challenges leading to lasting solutions. Nature has always inspired human achievements and has led to effective materials, structures, tools, mechanisms, processes, algorithms, methods, systems, and many other benefits (Bar-Cohen Y (ed) 2005 Biomimetics—Biologically Inspired Technologies (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) pp 1–552). This field, which is known as biomimetics, offers enormous potential for inspiring new capabilities for exciting future technologies. There are numerous examples of biomimetic successes that involve making simple copies, such as the use of fins for swimming. Others examples involved greater mimicking complexity including the mastery of flying that became possible only after the principles of aerodynamics were better understood. Some commercial implementations of biomimetics, including robotic toys and movie subjects, are increasingly appearing and behaving like living creatures. More substantial benefits of biomimetics include the development of prosthetics...
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...obr11544_ch10_359-411 9/8/06 11:33 AM REAL WORLD CASE F Page 386 2 Harrah’s Entertainment, LendingTree, DeepGreen Financial, and Cisco Systems: Successes and Challenges of Automated Decision Making or over half a century, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has promised that computers would relieve managers and professionals of the need to make certain types of decisions. Computer programs would analyze data and make sound judgments whether it be to configure a complex computer, diagnose and treat a patient’s illness, or determine when to stir a big vat of soup with little or no human help. But automated decision making has been slow to materialize. Many early artificial intelligence applications were just solutions looking for problems, contributing little to improved organizational performance. In medicine, for example, doctors showed little interest in having machines diagnose their patients’ diseases. In the business sector, even when expert systems were directed at real issues, extracting the right kind of specialized knowledge from seasoned decision makers and maintaining it over time proved to be more difficult than anticipated. But now, automated decision making is finally coming of age. The new generation of applications, however, differs from prior AI-based decision support systems in several important respects. To begin with, the new systems are easier to create and manage than earlier ones, which leaned heavily on ...
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...Ant Colony Optimization 1 A Seminar Report on “Ant Colony Optimization” A Seminar submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY In COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING Presented By Ranjith Kumar A (06J11A0534) Department of computer science engineering HITECH COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad) Himayathnagar, C.B.Post, Moinabad, Hyderabad-5000 2 075. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Seminar Report on “Ant Colony Optimization”, is a bonafide Seminar work done by Ranjith Kumar A (06J11A0534), in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Bachelor of Technology in “Computer Science engineering” J.N.T.U Hyderabad during the year 2010. Y.V.S Pragathi M.Tech Head of CSE Department 3 Abstract Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) has been successfully applied to those combinatorial optimization problems which can be translated into a graph exploration. Artificial ants build solutions step by step adding solution components that are represented by graph nodes. The existing ACO algorithms are suitable when the graph is not very large (thousands of nodes) but is not useful when the graph size can be a challenge for the computer memory and cannot be completely generated or stored in it. In this paper we study a new ACO model that overcomes the difficulties found when working with a huge construction graph. In addition to the description...
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...TURBMW06_013234761X.QXD 3/7/07 8:07 PM ONLINE CHAPTER Page 1 Neural Networks 6 for Data Mining Learning Objectives ◆ Understand the concept and different types of artificial neural networks (ANN) ◆ Learn the advantages and limitations of ANN ◆ Understand how backpropagation neural networks learn ◆ Understand the complete process of using neural networks ◆ Appreciate the wide variety of applications of neural networks N eural networks have emerged as advanced data mining tools in cases where other techniques may not produce satisfactory predictive models. As the term implies, neural networks have a biologically inspired modeling capability, but are essentially statistical modeling tools. In this chapter, we study the basics of neural network modeling, some specific applications, and the process of implementing a neural network project. 6.1 Opening Vignette: Using Neural Networks to Predict Beer Flavors with Chemical Analysis 6.2 Basic Concepts of Neural Networks 6.3 Learning in Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) 6.4 Developing Neural Network–Based Systems 6.5 A Sample Neural Network Project 6.6 Other Neural Network Paradigms 6.7 Applications of Artificial Neural Networks 6.8 A Neural Network Software Demonstration 6.1 OPENING VIGNETTE: USING NEURAL NETWORKS TO PREDICT BEER FLAVORS WITH CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Coors Brewers Ltd., based in Burton-upon-Trent, Britain’s brewing capital, is proud of having the United Kingdom’s top beer brands...
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...CSE- 401 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [3 1 0 4] 1. Distributed System Models: Introduction , Examples , Architecture models , Fundamental models (1.1,1.2,1.4, 2.1-2.3 of Text1 ) ..2hrs 2. Interprocess Communication, Distributed Objects and Remote Invocation: Introduction , External data representation and marshalling, Communication models, Communication between distributed objects , Remote procedure call Case study: Interprocess communication in UNIX, Java RMI . (4.1-4.6, 5.1-5.5 of Text1) ..6hrs 3. Operating System Introduction , Operating system layer, Processes and threads, Communication and invocation, Architecture (6.1-6.6 of Text1) ..4hrs. 4. Distributed File Systems and Name Services: Introduction , File service architecture, Name services, Domain Name System, Directory and directory services. Case study: Sun network file system, Global name service. (8.1-8.3, 9.1-9.4 of Text1) …6hrs 5. Synchronization: Clock Synchronization, Physical clocks, Logical clocks, Global state (5.1-5.3 of Text2) ..5hrs 6. Transactions&...
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...CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY CHAPTER 2 : LITRETURE SURVEY 2.1 SURVEY IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES : - Many intelligent systems have been developed for the purpose of enhancing health-care and provide better health care facilities, reduce cost and etc. 2.2 OVERALL ARCHITECTURE OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES:- The Centralized databases and www (World Wide Web) shares the patient data among the different cities used by doctor /practitioners for diagnosis. Single database system was only accessible to that city but the centralized database is accessed by all the cities. Fig2 shows the sharing knowledge between different cities where...
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...2 CHAPTER 2.1 2.2 2.3 Decision Making and Business Processes Why Do I Need To Know This LEARNING OUTCOMES Explain the difference between transactional data and analytical information, and between OLTP and OLAP. Define TPS, DSS, and EIS, and explain how organizations use these types of information systems to make decisions. Understand what AI is and the four types of artificial intelligence systems used by organizations today. Describe how AI differs from TPS, DSS, and EIS. Describe the importance of business process improvement, business process reengineering, business process modelling, and business process management to an organization and how information systems can help in these areas. This chapter describes various types of business information systems found across the enterprise used to run basic business processes and used to facilitate sound and proper decision making. Using information systems to improve decision making and re-engineer business processes can significantly help organizations become more efficient and effective. ? 2.4 2.5 As a business student, you can gain valuable insight into an organization by understanding the types of information systems that exist in and across enterprises. When you understand how to use these systems to improve business processes and decision making, you can vastly improve organizational performance. After reading this chapter, you should have gained an appreciation of the various kinds of information systems employed...
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...ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Edited by Kenji Suzuki Artificial Neural Networks - Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications Edited by Kenji Suzuki Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivana Lorkovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Bruce Rolff, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published March, 2011 Printed in...
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...PhD Thesis 1998 Social, environmental and ethical factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Australia Social, environmental and ethical factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love B.A. (Hons) Engineering This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 1998 Abstract This research investigated how social, environmental and ethical factors can be better included in theories of engineering design. The research focused on designing as an essentially human activity via consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic...
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...PhD Thesis 1998 Social, environmental and ethical factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Australia Social, environmental and ethical factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love B.A. (Hons) Engineering This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 1998 Abstract This research investigated how social, environmental and ethical factors can be better included in theories of engineering design. The research focused on designing as an essentially human activity via consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic...
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...Chapter Eleven: Order Fulfillment Along the Supply Chain and Other EC Support Services 11-1 Online File W11.1 What Services Do Customers Need? Insights on online customer services: ◗ Customer preferences. Customers tend not to do much self-service in terms of getting information from companies (e.g., only 19% use FAQs), so they require attention. As more companies offer online self-service, though, this situation is changing. When contacting companies for information, customers use e-mail more than the telephone (71% versus 51%). ◗ Types of service. Four types of service exist, based on where the customer is in the purchase experience: during shopping (search products, compare, find product attributes); during buying (questions on warranties, billing, receipt, payment); after placing the order (checking status in processing and in shipping); and after receiving the item (checking return procedures, how to use the item). ◗ Problem resolution. Customers expect quick resolutions to problems, and expect problems to be resolved to their satisfaction. Therefore, easy returns and order tracking are desirable. ◗ Shipping options. Several shipping options are usually needed to make customers happy. ◗ Fraud protection. Customers need to make sure that sellers or others are not going to cheat them (Chapters 9 and 14). ◗ Order status and updates. Customers want to have some way to check on the status of their order, which involves tracking either by phone or online. These services...
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