Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction This research project serves as culmination to the problem involving the restoration of the Basilica. It seeks to summarize, explain and synthesize several highlights of the topic in dialogue with the assigned texts and other readings; it will force additional research and reflections as an instrument for clarifying, defining and augmenting the author’s understanding of the major issues addressed by the proposal.
The scope of the study embraces a solution that will lead the restoration of the Basilica to realities and treat the problems involving its reestablishment. Being a national heritage and considered to be one of the first Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines, it is our objective to restore a historical edifice and preserve its cultural legacy and customs. On October 15, 2013, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake shook Bohol at approximately 8:00 in the morning. It caused millions of worth of casualties, hundreds of families devastated, destroyed numerous properties and damaged many historical landmarks and churches, including the Basilica de Sto. Nino. The earthquake crushed most of the belfry and façade; walls and frescoes are cracked, leaving the church in verge of total wreckage. To prevent an entire loss, propositions involving the repair and rebuilding of the damaged areas are to be provided as well as redesigning of the structure’s stability will furnish its constancy to be able to withstand future disastrous occurrences. Our team is focused on analyzing the Basilica’s present condition, what steps to take and plans to make in order to accomplish the goal of this proposal. The purpose of this paper is to inform and remind our readers that we should pay attention and value the elements and components that makes up our historical and cultural identity which completes and fabricates what and who we are today. Background of the Study The convent of the Sto. Niño de Cebu was founded by Fr. Andres de Urdaneta on April 28, 1565, the very day the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition arrived in the island. On May 8 of the same year, when Legazpi and his men planned the urbanization of the city, they allotted a place for the church and the convent of San Agustin, where the Santo Niño image had been found.
In 1599, the convent was made a house of studies of grammar, headed by the Visayan linguist, Fr. Alonso de Mentrida. It also served as a rest house for missionaries working in the province and as a retirement home for the aged and the sick, usually attended to by a lay brother. The church has always been the Sanctuary of the Sto. Niño, under the custody of the Augustinians. The number of priests assigned to the church varied from three to five aside from one or two lay brothers.

Devotion to Sto. Niño
The Chapter held on August 6, 1578 recommended to all the fathers that prayers to the Sto. Niño be offered every month as was the custom before. In 1641, the father provincial ordered that the feast of the Sto Niño be celebrated on January 14 “with all the possible solemnity, mass and sermon, since He deserves all the affection from us, being the Dulcisimo and most affectionate patron of our province."
Fr. Nicolas de la Cuadra (1731) was very instrumental in spreading the devotion of the Sto. Niño. He led an exemplary life, had writings and solemn rites which he established in the sanctuary, and acquired many jewels for the decoration of the statue.
The first novena to the Santo Niño was introduced by Fr. Mateo Diez, rector of the sanctuary in 1889, under the Cebuano title Novena ug pagdayeg sa Sto. Niño Jesus nga guisimba sa cyudad sa Sugbu.

Construction of the Church * 1566 - The first church believed to be built on the site where the image of the Holy Child was found was destroyed by fire. It was said to be built by Fr. Diego de Herrera using wood and nipa. * 1605 - Fr. Pedro Torres started the construction of a new church, again made of wood and nipa. It was finished in 1626 but was again burned in 1628. 1628 - Fr. Juan Medina started the construction of another church, using stone and bricks, a great innovation at that time. The construction was stopped because the structure was found to be defective - the bricks used seemingly "melted" upon contact with air. * February 29, 1735 - Father Provincial Bergaño, Governor-General Fernando Valdes, Bishop Manuel Antonio Decio y Ocampo of Cebu and Juan de Albarran Prior of the Santo Niño, started the foundations of the present church, using stone. A lot of help came. Fr. Antonio Lopez, prior of San Nicolas, assisted also together with the people of his district. The residents of Talisay also did four weeks of work and Fr. Francisco Aballe also tried to help with his parishioners from Mactan.

* The Materials used:
The stones were quarried from Capiz and Panay by an army of bancas. The molave wood came from the mountains of Talisay and Pitalo and was transported in bancas hired in Argao and Carcar. Fr. Albarran confessed that there was much difficulty in quarrying the stones. Despite the seemingly impossible task, Fr. Albarran was not discouraged. He used white stones to make the lime, with one banca transporting some 400 pieces of stones. There was also another obstacle: the lack of chief craftsmen and officers which forced Fr. Albarran to acquire some knowledge of architecture.
The church was finished not later than 1739. According to an author named Vela, "the church has all the characteristics of a solid construction to withstand all the earthquakes..." And true enough, the church withstood all earthquakes.
The original features of the church have been retained except for the windows added by Fr. Diez in 1889. In 1965, both church and convent underwent a bigger restoration on the occasion of the fourth centennial of the Christianization of the country. The face lifting was made with utmost respect for the historical character of the old structure.
Cardinal Hildebrando Antoniutti, Papal Legate to the Philippines, conferred upon the church the title of Basilica minor, a special privilege granted to the Augustinian Order by the Pope Paul VI. On the other hand, the former President Ferdinand Marcos declared the Sto. Niño Basilica a national shrine because of its historical significance.

Style of the Church * Facade - a blending of Muslim, Romanesque and neo-classical features - all set in what has otherwise been described as a high degree of integration. The façade is preserved in its original stone texture and natural color, conveying an air of simplicity of line and elegance. * Bell tower - serves as a counterbalance to the convent located on the opposite far end. It has two blind and open windows alternating in shape, ending up in triangular pinnacles with a circular disc crowned by balusters and a bulbous dome of Muslim influence. * Center section - the focus of attention. The arched main entrance is balanced by the side rectangular corners. A double-edged triangular pediment crowns the facade.

Basilica Del Sto. Niño Religious Store

Located on the south wing of the Basilica, connecting the convent and the church is the Basilica Shop. Religious articles are sold in this store as well as souvenir items and recuerdos of the Sto Niño.

The Sinulog
Cebu is abuzz with a flurry of activities every January of each year which culminates on the third Sunday, during which the fiesta Señor takes place.
On said Sunday, the grandest and biggest of all Philippines festival takes place in the streets of Cebu, the Sinulog Festival. The Sinulog takes its roots from the candle vendors in front of the Augustinian Church of Cebu. It is rendition of the sinug, which is a prayer-dance offered either in supplication or in thanksgiving to the Santo Niño. It is by candle-waving women who follow a simple forward and backward routine while offering prayers for any devotee.
The dance routine of the sinug is said to be in imitation of the sulog (current) of Pahina river of Cebu City. While dancing and waving candles, the women chant: Pit Señor! Pit Señor! which is short for Sangpit sa Senyor or loosely translated as Hail the Lord! Devotees have also adopted the chant as an ejaculatory prayer and one would normally hear petitions like: Pit Senyor kang Tatay kini (Hail the Lord, this one's for my father!)

On the third Sunday of each year, countless visitors from outside Cebu the Philippines come to Cebu City to witness the Sinulog Festival where performers from various parts of the archipelago congregate in supplication or in thanksgiving for the blessings received from the Holy Child. Basilica Del Santo Niño Library
Heeding the wise advice of St. Augustine of Hippo that in every house there should be a library (Possidius 31, 6,8), the Augustinian Friars of the Basilica put up a library in one of the corners of the convent. We don’t exactly know when this library was put up, but it is safe to surmise that it was established when the convent was constructed and completed in 1764. Originally, its ceiling had beautiful, elaborate paintings, but unfortunately the fire that transpired in the middle 80’s obliterated them. The library has a mezzanine where many old books are stacked. A gallery of the past Rectors of the Basilica from 1951 to the present adorns the mezzanine. Also, in the library can be found a big coat-of-arms of the House of Hapsburgs, an antique image of the Child Jesus.

The library, for centuries, was for the exclusive use of the Friars. But, in the year 2000, it was opened to researchers so that it can be of service to them. Since then, the library has accommodated a lot of researchers doing specific studies on the image of Santo Niño de Cebu, the church (Basilica), the convent and the Augustinians in the Philippines and in the world. However, the collection of books of the library is not only confined to these, but it also has books in various disciplines like, history and geography, religion, theology, philosophy, social sciences, languages, arts and literature. Aside from the antique books, special collections of the library include rare photographs of the momentous celebration of the Fourth Centennial of the Philippine Christianization in 1965.

Library Logogram
An eagle with two heads and displayed wings in the coat-of-arms of the House of Hapsburgs. The double heads signify the conjoining of two powers, the Austrian and Spanish Hapsburgs, which were united through royal intermarriage. The spread wings indicate protection, and the eagle denotes noble stature, strength and bravery.
Library Collections
General Reference – is a catchall classification of encyclopedias, dictionaries, directories, atlases, Almanacs, bibliographies, globe etc.

Subject Reference – this classification provide, books about philosophy, religion, social science, languages (Spanish and other languages in the 17th, 18th and 19th century), pure science, applied science, arts, literature, history and geography.

Filipiniana Section - collections include books by Filipino authors, books about the Philippines and published in the Philippines.

Research Paradigm

RESEARCH PARADIGM RESEARCH PARADIGM

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Conceptual Framework
Churches are most essential for spiritual recreation needed by our body and soul to help us relive and rejuvenate, as for problem stated, the Minor Basilica de Sto. Nino is in total urgency for preservation and restoration. Applications of the procedures are crucial in order to successfully execute the said proposal. We researchers started out thinking for the best solution to stabilize the Basilica’s structure, heading us to a conclusion of alternative ways and the addition of some beneficial chemicals that may help us in our project, not only to the Basilica itself but also for future and other buildings which are in need of better reinforcements. This paper covers the results of physic-chemical and mechanical properties of adhesives based on geocements which have a number of advantageous properties ,the use of Ashlars’ masonry, hydrophobized lime plasters as protective surface areas of the Basilica, protection of timber from fire by the use of Alkaline Aluminum Silicate coating, suggestions regarding open beam ceiling based on material analysis, suitability of thermal insulation for the building and the injection of chemicals to enhance the cements quality.
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the prevailing condition of the Minor Basilica de Sto. Nino in Cebu?
2. What are the essential features of the proposed new design of the Basilica?
3. What are the different amenities included in the proposed new design of the Basilica?
4. How the newly proposed design can help in preserving and restoring the historical heritage of the Basilica?

Significance of the Study
The significance of this study is its proficiency to be able to impart knowledge and information among our readers of the tragedy that happened to the Minor Basilica of Sto.Nino in Cebu. This will discuss the problems and the solutions provided of how its application will be based on our proposal.
For the Student:
This study will help the student to know the problems of the Minor Basilica of Sto. Nino de Cebu. This will help to know the different applications of our studies and researches thus providing adequate information for future references.

For the Researchers: The researchers will be able to stipulate solutions to the problem and will help in accomplishing the proposal given.

Scope and Limitations of the Study: The study is focused on data that can make general readers comprehend and understand the damage of the Minor Basilica of Sto.Nino de Cebu. The Scope of the research is limited only on basic information regarding the problems of the Basilica. This research also prioritizes damage of the church, discuss ways to renovate and restore its structure concerning the cost of damage and the use of materials; construction procedures taken and the preservation of its cultural heritage.

Definition of Terms:

1. Abundant-existing in large amounts 2. Adequate-enough for some need or requirement 3. Adhesive- designed to stick to something 4. Alkali Aluminosilicate- used in restoration materials 5. Allotted-distributing of share equally 6. Architecture-study that deals with the science in designing 7. Augmenting- in order to improve or complete it 8. Belfry-attached to another structure 9. Biotic- caused by living organisms 10. Borehole- a hole dug to order find water or oil 11. Bolts- a short round section of a log 12. Casualties-serious or fatal accident 13. Catch-all- something that holds or includes many different things 14. Christianization-s kind of religion 15. Civil order-rights that every person should have 16. Clarifying- to make easier to understand 17. Conferred- to discuss something in order to make a decision 18. Congregation- the people that attending religious service 19. Conquistador- leader in Spanish 20. Convent- house of a religious order 21. Culmination- final result 22. Culture- society that has its own beliefs 23. Devasted- destroy or ruin 24. Diocese- area that is controlled by a bishop 25. Disastrous- causing great damage. 26. Diversification- to increase the variety of goods 27. Edifice- impressive building 28. Ejaculatory- marked by or given 29. Endoscopy- fiber-optic flexible or rigid tubular instrument 30. Evocative- bringing thoughts of memories 31. Exemplary- deserving to be admired 32. Fabricates- to make or build 33. Façade- front of a building 34. Geocements-a special cement to used in constructing 35. Heritage- part of the history 36. Hydrophobicity- lacking affinity for water 37. Imparted- to give such as a quality 38. Intervention-event that occur two times 39. introspection- a reflective looking inward 40. lectern- a stand used to support a book 41. legacy- something that happened in the past 42. liturgy- used during public worship in a religion 43. loft- upper floor of a warehouse 44. masonry- concrete used to build things 45. mechanism- used to produce a particular result 46. monastery- a place where monks live and work together 47. pinnacles- greatest success or achievement 48. preserving- to keep in its original state and good condition 49. proposal- presenting a plan 50. proposition- statement to be proved 51. pulpit- platform where pries stands when leading 52. rebuilding- to build again after the damaged 53. redesigning-to change the design 54. repercussions- unpleasant happening resulted from an action or statement 55. restoration- process of returning to its original condition by repairing it 56. Romanesque- architecture that was used in Europe 57. Sanctuary-a place where someone is protected 58. Spikes-several metal projections 59. Solemnity- formal ceremonies 60. Structure-something that is build 61. Suburbia- : people who live in the suburbs 62. Sumptuous- very expensive, rich or impressive 63. Surmise- idea based on scanty evidence 64. Synergy-compatibility of two people 65. Synthesize- combining different things 66. Techniques- a way of doing something 67. Technology-deals with the science that study the industry 68. Thermal insulation- engineered methods of heat transfer 69. Travertine- form of limestone used in construction 70. Urbanization- number of people from rural to urban areas 71. Utopia- near perfect qualities 72. Verge-close or similar to something 73. Wreckage- remains of something that has been destroyed

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies

Foreign Literature

A Short History of Church Building
From its beginning, a critical part of Christianity has been the gathering of people worshipping together. By virtue of this activity, the “place” where they worship has become endowed with a symbolic form. Historically, when believers build their places of worship they have searched for a physical form capable of expressing this symbolic form. This form simultaneously reflects the specific character, mission and needs of the congregation, while also making reference to the universal nature of the Church. The search for this form has been guided by a series of questions the congregation must ask of itself. The very same questions must be asked today.

The House Church
To the early Christians the word “church” referred to the act of assembling together rather than to the building itself1. As long as Christianity was unrecognized by the Romans, Christians met where they could, mainly in their own homes. The character of these assemblies reflected the nature of their faith during that period, with an emphasis on introspection. The trappings of the material world were left behind; the real meaning of life was found in the spiritual dimension. Some of these houses of worship were entirely converted into places of worship. An example of this is the House-Church at Dura Europos. By removing a wall from the original living room, a space was created that was large enough for gathering the whole congregation in one room. At the center of the house is an open air court. The court was not used for worship; however, the meeting hall, baptistery and sacristy all look into the court for light and air. There are no windows on the perimeter walls and only a single door to the street for entry. The inward focus of the House- Church reflects both the introspection of the congregation as well as the necessary protection from authorities that were intent upon destroying the growing influence of the early believers.
The Basilica
Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire. Congregations soon outgrew the meeting halls of the House-Churches and so began to create buildings specifically suited to house their worship. Christians, again, wanted to express in their buildings the context of their faith. The concepts of “path,” representing the road inward to one’s soul and “center,” the point at which the meaning of life is revealed became the fundamental spatial relationships that guided the form of the early Christian Church. The interior focus of the House-Church was transformed to an emphasis on the artwork of the inner surfaces of the building and a careful introduction of natural light to the interior. In this way, the Christian faith was symbolized in terms of a building, the spaces that composed the interior, and the way light came into the building. The congregation had asked the right questions and a building form was created to symbolize the faith and life of the church community.
This form was a unique adaptation of the Roman basilica that combined a longitudinal axis with a vertical axis to symbolize the long path of life and the moment of salvation, at the crossing of the axes, in which God is revealed.
The Monastery
With the fall of Rome and the rise of Christianity, the importance of temporal political power and the material world was subordinated to the belief in a heavenly and eternal king. The physical characteristics of the architecture reflected this shift: the gravity and man-made order of Rome is replaced, with an architecture that de-emphasized its own weight, substance and material presence. It began to create images that more strongly referenced eternity and the spiritual nature of the world. According to Christian Norberg-Schulz in his book, Meaning in Western Architecture, “The Christian image of the world cannot be understood in terms of natural, human or historical phenomena. Only by developing his own inner self can man find true, meaning and that development meant to follow Christ. The center of the Christian world, therefore, is something more than a concrete, natural or man-made place. It is the abstract point where the meaning of life is revealed.” The early Christian environment did not mix comfortably with the earthly city, or the political power of its environment. Instead it found a means to express itself more purely: the monastery. The monastery was an enclosed system; its role within the city was that of a model, an aspiration, an example, not itself part of the community.
As the Christian faith grew and developed, subtle but important shifts in emphasis began to reshape social and physical structures. The individual search for God became part of a collective wish to bring God to the world. As populations increased, the role of the monastery became more genuinely educational and therefore more interactive with the
Roman Basilica
. The community, as an urban entity influenced by the monastery, regained importance as an expression of “the city of God” on Earth. In these cities, God was seen as a direct and continuous presence, not as a remote potentate. This period was known as the Romanesque period because of the reappearance of a strong and permanent civic order. The architecture of this period clearly and coherently expresses that order. The new civic order was founded upon and integrated with Christian values; it was, at once, grounded and spiritual. The town is an extension of the monastery and, as such, it manifests the Christian inward focus: it is a self-sufficient and walled entity with the church as its core. Norberg-Schulz calls this organization a series of “protected places: protected from within by the experience of the existence of God and from without by symbolic enclosure and solidity.”
Romanesque and Gothic Churches
The notion of God as a continuous presence found architectural expression in an increased emphasis on verticality in the nave of the church. Where previously the dome at the crossing had represented the revelation of God in a discrete location, in Romanesque and especially Gothic cathedrals that revelation is symbolized by a verticality that is extended into the entire nave. Clerestory windows and vaulted ceilings intensified the connection to the sky and de-emphasized the material presence of the building. In the Gothic cathedral, God’s presence is immediate and, through the cathedral, He communicates very directly with mankind. For the medieval Christian community the architecture of the cathedral made manifest God’s order on earth. Each stone of the building’s structure was carved to represent a piece of that order. History, technology and spirituality were all part of this stone encyclopedia; man’s position as a fragment of a much larger order is made abundantly clear. In order to perceive this larger order, one must first accept one’s place in the kingdom of God. Faith was seen as a precondition in which reason could exist. It was, therefore, through the cathedral that meaning could be brought into the lives of men. The congregations and church officials were keenly aware of this emphasis which clarifies the dominance of the cathedral over the village or landscape within which it is set.

The Renaissance
The Renaissance was characterized by an increased faith in mankind as God’s creation and divine perfection no longer consisted in the transcendence of nature, but was found in nature itself.” 6 Government, as a manifestation of man’s power of reason, emerged as a separate entity from the church. In this age of investigation and discovery, men sought to integrate a realistic approach to nature with an idea of divine cosmic order. As in other ages the church sought to represent this search in the architectural expression of their building. Interior and exterior space was clearly defined and design of these areas was carved out with an emphasis on mathematic geometry, a symbol of man’s reason expressing God’s order. The town itself was similarly conceived with an organization gathered around a central piazza. From this place, an orientation was established that could locate the major streets and public buildings of the town the church occupied. The church, as one of these major points, however, shared its preeminence with important civic structures of the community.

The Church in America
As European society developed in separate directions during the period of exploration and political diversification, so the architectural styles followed suit. Baroque architecture in Italy developed differently than in Germany, France, and England. This was also reflected in the ideas and emphasis that the church sought to express in its building. With the increasing turmoil within Christendom that the reformation brought, the buildings began to reflect the ideas of the local congregations. This concept of the church responding to the local community reappeared as villages and towns in the New World sought to establish their congregations as the center of their settlement.
An American Main Street community may seem rather remote from Medieval and Renaissance Europe. Yet what remains unchanged and, in fact, timeless, is the community that understands itself primarily in terms of its faith and its civic structure. American churches have their roots in the New England Meeting House, a building that often acted as a place to gather in both capacities. These buildings were very simple spaces with high ceilings and ample natural light. Spatially, this reflects the timeless Christian character of worldly simplicity and inwardness. The flexibility of the space allowed for the educational capacity of the church as well as exhibiting a distinctly American economy. As villages and settlements developed into towns and cities, the churches became critical elements of the civic expressions of the young nation. They were both the center of spiritual guidance for the congregation as well as the source of political activity for the community. The architectural expressions of many of these churches sought to express the unity of these two forces. Much of the political sources of the country came from ancient Greek democracy, while the spiritual guidance came from the New Testament. The architectural expression of many of these churches began to become neo-classical in style reflecting the unity of the political and religious center of the community.

St. Peter’s
Establish utopian communities that were expressions of the Kingdom of Heaven on the earth. These communities tended to be located away from urban centers and developed their own manner of expressing their faith in their building. The Shakers took this relationship between building and faith to an extremely thorough level of correspondence.
The American church, whether urban or rural, has always represented a symbolic expression of the community, either in the heart of the town or at its periphery.Today, as urban areas are built to capacity and the population is growing the fastest in the “middle landscape” of suburbia; new challenges face the congregation that seeks to create a built expression of its faith. Careful planning and thoughtful involvement of the congregation as a building program begins can create a new facility that communicates the role of the church in today’s community. This will help continue the role that the church has played over the centuries as a source of guidance and refuge for society.
Foreign Study
Sacred Space
Arranging Spaces to Support Worship and Congregational Life
Sacred space represents the unique function of the church which serves the spiritual life of the community. This theme addresses how we understand building sacred space and the essential qualities the spaces need to evoke.
• Sacred space must differentiate from non-sacred space.
• The manner of its ‘difference’ must have common qualities shared by all Anglican churches.
Each parish will develop a solution which is particular to their situation, their needs, location and expression of their faith.
It is very important to the individual parishes that they have a sense of ownership of their place of worship and can both contribute to and allow it to evolve to suit the needs of their community.

Engaging the Community
Engaging the community means many different things to many different people within the church.
What is commonly understood however is that a vibrant successful parish (& Diocese) will be one that is interwoven with the wider community, where each is embraced by the other as integral to their development.
A range of questions have been posed and responses received. Where successful community engagement occurs it is seen to be authentic, consistent and beyond mere use of church buildings.
Engagement means a social and human connection being made. Social activities (such as Mainly Music) are common synergies in this regard.
A common view also is that the church’s buildings are holding the church back from effective community engagement.
Another clear insight is that the church needs to evolve the way in which it reaches out and connects, that it needs to go to the community. This needs to start with this process and ongoing consultation beyond the membership of the church.
Sustainability
Sustainability, as the world addresses increasing numbers and fewer un-tapped resources, echoes the role taken by the Church in the community for two millennia now and addresses what this means while facing the future. This theme deals with ways in which individual parishes, Diocese and the Church as a whole can gain greatest benefit from an informed approach to redevelopment.
Transcendence of the corporeal does not preclude the need to address minimization of waste (of materials, energy, water, etc.) and maximization of resources (buildings and other facilities) as we seek to leave reliance on fossil-fuels behind and maximize self-reliance in the 21st Century.

Local Literature
Philippine Church Architecture
The most tangible legacy of Hispanic Catholicism is the magnificent churches that dot the archipelago and mold the Filipino soul
While Westerners have explored worshipping in cyberspace churches, Filipinos still prefer to recharge their souls inside a church. The country is blessed with historic religious structures that are still vital to the community life as well as architectural and artistic feats. Inquirer asked Fr. Rene Javellana, author and associate professor of the Fine Arts program of Ateneo de Manila School of Humanities, and architect Augusto Villalon to cite their choices as must-visit places. The four Baroque churches of the Philippines on the UNESCO World Heritage List topped their list.
According to UNESCO, the four churches are outstanding examples of the Philippine interpretation of the Baroque style, and represent the fusion of European church design and construction with local materials and decorative motifs to form a new church-building tradition. Javellana commends Sto. Tomas de Villanueva in Miag-ao and San Agustin in Paoay for their exquisite façades; Assumption in Sta. Maria for its dramatic location. 1. The Church of the Immaculate Conception of San Agustin in Intramuros, Manila. Dubbed as the “mother of all colonial churches,” this landmark was the first church built in Luzon after the Spanish triumph of Manila in 1521. It was designated by the Augustinian Order who introduced Christianity to the country. Over time, it has withstood calamities and wars. It was the only building that survived in Intramuros after the Liberation. According to UNESCO, the church was richly endowed, with a fine retablo (a carved altar behind the Communion table where icons are displayed), pulpit, lectern and choir-stalls. Of special interest is the series of crypto-collateral chapels a (side chapel in a bay) lining both sides of the nave (the central part of the church). The walls separating them act as buttresses. The stone barrel vault, dome, and arched vestibule are all unique in the Philippines. The church’s intricate interiors were done by two Italian painters. Of interest are the chapel where the remains of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the conquistador who founded Manila, are buried, and the monastery-turned-museum, which exhibits religious artifacts. 2. The Church of San Agustin in Paoay, Ilocos Norte. Dubbed as “Earthquake Baroque,” it is built with coral stone blocks and bricks and has buttresses with baroque ornamentation. A separate bell tower, also built of coral stone, is distanced from the church.

3. Sto. Tomas de Villanueva, in Miag-ao, Iloilo. Standing on the peak of Miag-ao, the church provided light and safety to the community.
The towers were lookouts against Muslim attacks. The UNESCO commends it as the best surviving example of “Fortress Baroque.” “The sumptuous facade epitomizes the Filipino transfiguration of western decorative elements, with the figure of St Christopher on the pediment dressed in native clothes, carrying the Christ Child on his back, and holding on to a coconut palm for support,” says UNESCO. “The entire riotously decorated façade is flanked by massive tapering bell towers of unequal heights.” 4. Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur. Perched on a hill, the Assumption church is enclosed by a high wall, evoking a sense of mystery. The architecture and layout were adapted to the environment. It was said to be built on a raft to protect itself from earthquake. Historically, the Church also served as the base of evangelization in Northern Luzon.

Other churches: Fr. Rene Javellana Aside from the UNESCO World Heritage List churches, Father Javellana chooses the following: 1. San Sebastian in Quiapo, Manila. Style-wise it is 19th neo-Gothic, simple as neo-Gothic go but it unique as the only steel church in Asia. Very few of these types of churches still exist in the world. 2. Barosoain in Malolos, Bulacan. Although a 19th-century church not up there in aesthetics, it is historical for the first constitution of the Philippines was written there, during the Malolos Convention. 3. Manila Cathedral, Basilica Minore of the Immaculate Conception in Manila Although it is a reconstruction (1954-58) and remodeling of a 19th-century cathedral, it shows how a church of historical importance may be reconstructed (between 1954-58), with the careful planning of Filipino artists and architects and Italian artists and artisans. The bronze main doors are impressive. Good use of marble, travertine. Stained glass windows by Galo Ocampo. 4. Basilica Minore of the Jesus Nazareno (Parish of San Juan Bautista) in Quiapo, Manila. Before the renovations, the prewar church of Juan Arellano was far superior artistically. Its characteristic was the hammer beam of the nave. All that is gone. Only the façade and the dome trace to the Arellano church. But for devotion, this is the place to go. A close rival is Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Baclaran built in the 1950s. 5. UP Chapel of the Holy Sacrifice, in UP Diliman, Quezon City. This chapel was built under the direction of Fr. John Delaney, SJ, UP’s charismatic chaplain in the 1950s. Although it has acoustical and design problems not in harmony with the post-Vatican II shape of Catholic liturgy, it has artworks from four national artists: architecture by Leandro Locsin; Crucifix and altar by Napoleon “Billy” Abueva; Terrazo floor, “River of Life” by Arturo Luz; and Stations of the Cross by Vicente Mananasla. 6. Mary Immaculate Church, aka The Nature Church, in Moonwalk Subdivision, Las Piñas. This is one of the more pleasing works of architect Francisco Mañosa; built in 1986. Instead of standard roof, the church’s roof is pitched like a tent. Situated in a mango orchard, the church is built as open structure that allows the interior to communicate with the exterior. There is a large church and a smaller church; all made of natural materials like stone, tree trunks and capiz shells. 7. Baguio Cathedral, Cathedral of Our Lady of the Atonement in Baguio City. Pre-war; repaired and renovated. Neo-gothic, reinforced cement. For people who visit Baguio during Holy Week, this should be in the must-go list. The Cathedral of Atonement was much more beautiful before. Some of its pleasing features are the hammer-beam roofing, the surrounding galleries, the organ loft, and the altars and sanctuary are still in place. 8. Church of the Gesu in Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City. Completed in 2003 by Jose Recio, Carmelo Casas and Co., it is a modern abstraction of a pyramid, evocative of the Holy Trinity and the school’s mission. “Okay, I’m biased,” said Javellana, “but this is the nearest large church to where I live and I had a hand in its conceptualization. The church is extremely modern for some tastes and hot especially in the afternoons because it faces the West. But its virtue is simplicity. It uses generous amounts of glass that opens to the sky and lets more light in. There was a conscious effort to involve younger artists and designers in the church, some not very well known yet. Juan Sajid Imao, TOYM awardee for art, did the Crucifix; Manlilikha ng Bayan for sculpture, Justino “Paloy” Cagayat, did the Filipinized Immaculate Conception, Jose T. Badelles designed the etched-glass sculptures, a medium not much used in churches; and Felix Mago Miguel designed the mural at the Immaculate Conception Chapel. The chapel of the Sacred Heart and the Blessed Sacrament are the work of Vincent Pinpin. 9. Church of Christ the King in Ateneo de Naga University, Naga City, Bicol.
“I was also involved in this project which is a Baroque style church designed from ground up as it dialogued with the culture of Bicol and worked with Bicolano artists. The stained-glass design and paintings are the work of Juanito Peñera, the sculptures and the retablo and wood carvings by Jose “Bong” Barcena. The rose window by Jesuit Danilo Isidro. All the stained glass was done by Kraut Art Glass, under Ronald Kraut.” 10. San Jose Manggagawa Church in Barangka, Marikina. It is one of a number of churches in the parish and is near Loyola Memorial Park. The interior, however, has been “Baroquized” with the addition of a colonial-type retablo, which seems to be the craze these days. Our Lady of Pentecost has a crucifix by National Artist “Billy” Abueva. 11. Our Lady of Pentecost Church in Loyola Heights, Quezon City. The work of a talented young architect, Vincent Pinpin, who uses bricks as a decorative element with great effects. He also incorporates modern materials like wrought-iron and glass.

Local studies

1. Church of Santiago de Apostol in Betis, Guagua, Pampanga. Dubbed as the Philippine version of the “Sistine Chapel,” it is beautiful for the rich interior detailing; especially the dramatic frescoes and murals done by artist Simon Flores, Maximo Vicente and brothers, Martin and Severino Gozum Pangilinan are suggestive of the great Italian masters. 2. Basilica of San Sebastian in Quiapo, Manila. A revival of Gothic architecture, it is the only all-steel church in Asia is arguably the first pre-fabricated steel church in the world. The prefabricated steel components were imported from Belgium in the late 19th century. It was set up by Belgian engineers while the stained glass windows were supplied from Germany. There have been historical findings that French engineer Gustav Eiffel, maker of the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris, had a hand in the structure and metal fittings. The church is run by the Order of the Augustinian Recollects. 3. Santa Ana Church and its Camarin de la Virgen in Sta. Ana, Manila. It was the first mission church built by the Franciscans outside Intramuros. Valued for its religious artworks, the stone church was built in the 18th century. Fray Vicente Ingles put the hick town on the map when he set up the icon of Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados (Our Lady of the Abandoned). Subsequently Governor General Francisco de la Cuesta, OSA, provided a gold and crystal bastón de mando (baton) to Our Lady. Although it is a replica of the original image in Valencia, Spain, it is the only Camarin dela Virgen in the country. Hidden behind the church’s main retablo, the camarín is actually a chamber filled with precious artworks. Her devotees climb 20 granite steps to worship the Blessed Virgin who is kept in a glass urn with an imperial crown. Paintings of Saint Michael the Archangel and Saint Gabriel the Archangel greet them at the doorway of Our Lady’s “dressing room.” 4. Tumauini Church in Isabela. Built by the Dominicans in the 18th century, it is touted as the most artistic in the all-brick work and the tiered bell tower with trimmings that make it look like a wedding cake. The convent’s vaulted ceiling still show the mats that were utilized molds for wet plaster during its fabrication. 5. Parish Church of San Vicente de Ferrer, Dupax del Sur, Nueva Vizcaya. Also built by the Dominicans, this 18th-century landmark features a baptistery and a lobby, rendered with carved stucco, unprecedented in the country. The convent still keeps slits on the walls for archers to shoot their arrows against attackers. 6. St. James the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. The church was built in the 16th century and has undergone several renovations. It capitalizes on the strong carving tradition of Paete with Western Baroque elements. All the religious images are hand-carved and painted by local artisans. The resplendent baroque altar is surrounded by exquisitely carved icons and 19th-century paintings by artist Jose Dans. 7. St. Michael the Archangel Minor Basilica in Tayabas, Quezon. It started out as a thatched structure made of bamboo and palm leaves in the 16th century. Over time it has been rebuilt after earthquakes with additions of a domed transept (the space between the nave and the aisles).

Chapter 3
Research Methodology

Methods of Research Used: To support our proposal, references such as books, consultations from experts and by the help of the internet are vital and essential components in researching order to authenticate and verify this paperwork.
Sources of Data: - TIP Library - Architecture Faculty - Internet - Newspaper Articles related to the proposal
Data Gathering Procedure: The data for this research were collected using references such as books, newspaper articles, consultations from experts and the internet. The information was then translated for easier comprehension of the readers.
Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of data

Materials used in Restoration the Minor Basilica de Sto.Nino Church
Physical and Chemical Properties of Adhesives Based on Geocement for Restoration and Rehabilitation of Building Materials in Minor Basilica de Sto. Nino in Cebu.

Figure 2. Adhesive Alkaline Activation

This paper covers the results of study of physic-chemical and mechanical properties of the adhesives based on geocements which have a number of advantageous properties, among them: high compressive and bond strength in the conditions of long-term exposure of various factors, excellent durability, etc. These adhesives are environmentally and user-friendly and safety, their cost is compatible to the known-in-the-art analogs. The results of study suggested drawing a conclusion that they could be successfully used for rehabilitation and restoration of the building materials such as concrete, ceramics, natural stone.
Role of the Geologists in the Process of Monuments Ashlar Masonry Repair

Figure 3. Ashlar Masonry

The aim of the contribution is introduce the role of the geologist in the process of the restoration of monuments ashlars masonry. Within the frame of our project, we participate on the reconstruction of battlements , which were built predominantly from sandstones. These stones undergo to weathering processes and so they are damaged. Therefore, it has been necessary to restore and even change some block stones. In cooperation with the experts from other branches, especially restorers and preservationists, the building blocks suitable for exchange were selected and the new replacement rock material was chosen as it is obvious from the process of this reconstruction.

Hydrophobized Lime Plasters as Protective Surface in Wet areas in Minor Basilica de Sto. Nino Church Preservation

Figure 4. Hydrophobized Lime Plasters

The use of lime plaster as a protection of building units against moisture is very common in the monument preservation, but controversially discussed. Historical buildings often demonstrate the problems of the two building materials, in particular the insufficient adherence between clay and lime in the course of time. Previous results of research brought out contradictory statements. The project especially focuses on the compressed, hydrophobic polished lime plaster Tadelakt, which can act as a protection of surfaces in wet rooms with climatically extreme conditions like increased humidity and high temperature. Reported are the results yielded in the research project which covers the investigations to improve the mechanical adherence and to analyze the chemical reaction between the both building materials.
Protection of Timber from Combustion and Burning Using Alkaline Aluminosilicate-Based Coating

Figure 5. Aluminosilicate-Based Coating Pattern

The paper presents data on the protection of timber from combustion and burning using the protective coatings based on alkali aluminosilicates. The results of study suggested to formulate a mix design of the alkaline aluminosilicate bond, choose fillers and to determine rates of mass loss of timber at burning and degree to which the samples under study have been deteriorated. The coated samples of wood have a minimum rate of burning – 0.002-0.0024 kg/s·m2, which is 1.3-1.6 times less than the permissible value (0.0032 kg/s·m2) and 1.5-2.3 less than that of the analogue (a commercial product "Siofarb”). In combustibility and burning behavior, the formulated coatings can be classified as hardly combustible and non- burnable materials.

Reconstructing the Basilica: Open Beam Ceiling Based on Material Analysis

Figure 6. Ceiling Construction Roof
Reconstruction of the ceiling. The most damaged parts of the bearing ceiling beams were removed and partially replaced with new timber. The way the work was carried out corresponded to the methods and approaches of the cultural heritage protection of that time. The replacement of damaged heads of ceiling beams with new timber that was fitted without connection to the original ceiling beams and only simply hanged on a metal girder can be considered highly provisional from the current perspective. That is why the repair of timber structures of the water fortress included also a reconstruction of the original ceiling system. Surveys focusing on the building archaeology and material assessing the condition of the incorporated timber were important for the final design of the repair and the concept of presentation of the Baroque ceilings.

Non-Destructive and Minimal-Invasive Status Determination and Heritage Friendly Remediation of the Structures of the Minor Basilica

Figure 7. Remediation Concept
The Minor Basilica de Sto. Nino is one of the oldest churches in the Philippines. It was built in the year of Spanish colonial and used and maintained until 2013 by the people in Cebu. It served as a field worship and nursing home for the people of Cebu, almost without any maintenance. During that period the wooden constructions suffered a number of serious damages. In the year of 2013, the incident of earthquake destroyed the heritage church , in this proposed restoration the applied non-destructive and minimal-invasive testing of the structures (ultrasonic investigations, endoscopy, resistography, core extraction and testing etc.) as to yield a clear picture of their status and summarizes the gained results.
Furthermore, the remediation concept, developed in cooperation with the preservation authority, is presented as well as some details of its execution.

Advanced Thermal Insulation Materials Suitable for Insulation and Repair of Buildings

Figure 8. Insulation for Repairing of Buildings
The need of quality materials for thermal insulation and restoration of building constructions is without question an up-to-date subject.
Considering the growing trend in the field of reduction of building construction energy intensity and reduction of CO2 production a general assumption at development of new thermal insulating plasters is the reduction of thermal conductivity and also reduction of density in mature conditions which results in general saving of raw materials. Main object is to show a very good ratio of thermal insulating and mechanical properties, low density, high durability and resistance to humidity and salt influences mainly in case of its possible applications within reconstructions of existing building objects with higher moisture content.

Impact of the Chemical Injection Method on the Dispersion of the Injected Agents in Masonry Figure 9. Chemical Injection Method
Chemical injection of masonry is a very widely-used method for providing supplementary water-proofing of historic masonry. Like all branches of the construction industry, chemical injection of masonry is under pressure to achieve greater performance and speed together with maximum efficiency. Current norms and standards permit both pressure injection and non-pressure injection.
Solution to the Proposed Basilica The type of most proper reconstruction and/or restoration is often influenced by the changes that the societal and cultural systems are coping with –particularly in terms of economic development– triggering effects on and changes in the societal texture and the environment that can be evaluated only after a good while. In any case, the cultural heritage of a territory substantially affects the perceptive perspective of the resident population, whether it is a cultural heritage acknowledged and preserved by the State Government, or considered as such for history, tradition or mere affection reasons by the local population.
It was thought to preserve everything as much as possible damaged, so that the surviving architectural structures, or what remained of them, could be re-used and integrated in following restoration interventions. Such criterion was also applied to minor buildings in their role as necessary general context of monumental buildings.
It is clear that in many cases the surviving parts were so small that the reconstruction of the damaged heritage was not possible. Yet, by preserving them, a modern intervention can be made taking into account the pre-existing parts and including them in the framework of an overall design. That is what already happened for the Church of St. basilica in Cebu the Vice-Commissioner issued an international design contest for the restoration of the church.
Repair, Reconstruction and Strengthening of Materials and Buildings
It is the restitution of the strength the building had before the damage occurred. This type of action must be undertaken when there is evidence that the structural damage can be attributed to exceptional phenomena that are not likely to happen again and that the original strength provides an adequate level of safety. The main purpose of restoration is to carry out structural repairs to load bearing elements.
It may involve cutting portions of the elements and rebuilding them or simply adding more structural material so that the original strength is more or less restored. The process may involve inserting temporary supports, underpinning, etc. Some of the approaches are stated below:

Removal of portions of cracked masonry walls and piers and rebuilding them in richer mortar. Use of non-shrinking mortar will be preferable. Addition of reinforcing mesh on both -faces of the cracked wall, holding it to the wall through spikes or bolts and then covering it suitably. Injecting epoxy like material, which is strong in tension, into the cracks in walls, columns, beams, etc. Where structural repairs are considered necessary, these should be carried out prior to or simultaneously with the architectural repairs so that total planning of work could be done in a coordinated manner and wastage is avoided.

Chapter 5
Summary of Finding, Conclusion and Recommendations
The chapter represents the summary of the significant findings as well as the conclusions and corresponding recommendations. This chapter views the brief report that covers the main points of the study. Furthermore it present judgments formed by the researcher after a thorough investigation, in addition it enumerates suggestion and advices to the researcher
Summary of Findings The significant findings of the study are the following:
Problem Involving the Restoration of the Basilica. Restoration is defined as the act or process of accurately depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing features from the restoration period. The limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a restoration project. Restoration is different from preservation in the field of historic preservation, building restoration is the action or process of accurately revealing, recovering or representing the state of a historic building, as it appeared at a particular period in its history, while protecting its heritage value. Restoration work is performed to reverse decay, or alterations made to the building(s). A part of a restoration can involve the replacement of outdated heating and cooling systems with newer ones, or the installation of climate controls that never existed at the time of building after careful study. Exterior and interior paint colors present similar problems over time. Air pollution, acid rain, and sun take a toll, and often many layers different paint exist. Historic paint analysis of old paint layers now allows a corresponding chemical recipe and color to be re-produced. But this is often only a beginning as many of the original materials are either unstable or in many cases environmentally unsound. Many eighteenth century greens were made with arsenic and lead, materials no longer allowed in paints. Another problem occurs when the original pigment came from a material no longer available. Restoration includes preservation, leaving as much material untouched as possible, reconstruction to replace missing elements, and repair work to bring the building to a historically accurate condition in one particular time period. This may include removing some historic building elements (after documenting them) to make the building historically accurate for a specific date in history.

Solution in the Proposed Restoration of the Basilica. The type of most proper reconstruction and/or restoration is often influenced by the changes that the societal and cultural systems are coping with –particularly in terms of economic development– triggering effects on and changes in the societal texture and the environment that can be evaluated only after a good while. In any case, the cultural heritage of a territory substantially affects the perceptive perspective of the resident population, whether it is a cultural heritage acknowledged and preserved by the State Government, or considered as such for history, tradition or mere affection reasons by the local population.
It was thought to preserve everything as much as possible damaged, so that the surviving architectural structures, or what remained of them, could be re-used and integrated in following restoration interventions. Such criterion was also applied to minor buildings in their role as necessary general context of monumental buildings.
It is clear that in many cases the surviving parts were so small that the reconstruction of the damaged heritage was not possible. Yet, by preserving them, a modern intervention can be made taking into account the pre-existing parts and including them in the framework of an overall design. That is what already happened for the Church of St. basilica in Cebu the Vice-Commissioner issued an international design contest for the restoration of the church.

Repair , Reconstruction and Strengthening
It is the restitution of the strength the building had before the damage occurred. This type of action must be undertaken when there is evidence that the structural damage can be attributed to exceptional phenomena that are not likely to happen again and that the original strength provides an adequate level of safety. The main purpose of restoration is to carry out structural repairs to load bearing elements.
It may involve cutting portions of the elements and rebuilding them or simply adding more structural material so that the original strength is more or less restored. The process may involve inserting temporary supports, underpinning, etc. Some of the approaches are stated below:

Removal of portions of cracked masonry walls and piers and rebuilding them in richer mortar. Use of non-shrinking mortar will be preferable.

Addition of reinforcing mesh on both -faces of the cracked wall, holding it to the wall through spikes or bolts and then covering it suitably. Injecting epoxy like material, which is strong in tension, into the cracks in walls, columns, beams, etc. Where structural repairs are considered necessary, these should be carried out prior to or simultaneously with the architectural repairs so that total planning of work could be done in a coordinated manner and wastage is avoided.

Conclusion
In the view of the findings and study, several conclusions are presented. Some of these are as follows:
This proposed plan will help the people of Cebu to have concern in their heritage Church not only due to its popularity but of the cultural legacy it contributed
1. With information and solution from the proposed plan regarding the restoration of the Minor Basilica de Sto. Nino in Cebu, the readers will be more conscious to take responsibility for the maintenance of their historical places and buildings.
2. The proposed plan in restoration of the Minor Basilica de Sto.Nino will help the people to advocate the importance of being prepared in the next tragedies that will happen in their city.
3. The different materials that will be used in restoration of the Basilica are preferably to be more durable with regards to its stability and earthquake proof, to avoid further casualties.
4. In areas of high seismic risk, earthquakes are the predominant cause of damage and the collapse of monuments and historical buildings. For centuries these buildings have periodically suffered strong seismic actions and have undergone a kind of natural selection, so that only those that were well designed and constructed have survived.
5. Consequently, when structural intervention are made, the original structural system should be in principle kept unchanged, At most, only local repairs or improvement of the original structural system should be accepted.
6. In any structural intervention is decided upon, it should be kept in mind that the aim of the restoration is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historical value of the monument or building and is based on respect for the original materials and authentic documents. This imposes on the specialists responsible for the restoration. Considering the choice of techniques and materials of repair and strengthening.
Recommendations
The findings and conclusions drawn from the analysis data presented by the researchers are the following recommendations that are hereby permuted for conclusion.
1. The readers must acknowledge the different materials used.
2. The readers must be knowledgeable of the essential features and importance of restoring a heritage Church like the Minor Basilica de Sto.Nino in Cebu.
3. The readers must understand well the differences of preserving and restoring a Church. Bibliography
Jacobs, David E. (1995) Guidelines for Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Buildings Washington D.C: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
National Commission for Culture and Arts. (2012) Philippine Church Architecture, Philippines
United Association of Restoration Contractors
US National Park Service (2011) Secretary of Interior's Standards for Restoration, U.S.
Christ Church Diocese of the Anglican Church. (2012) Anglican Church Property Trustees Architectural Design Guidelines Ver. 1.1, U.S. www. enea.it www.ittk.ac.in www.nicee.org www.fctucomeros.blogspot.com www.nps.gov www.bdlive.co.za CURRICULUM VITAE

Hance Elesterio B. Aguila St,Quipo Manila (0905)317-77-47 Career Objectives : To land a decent job that can suffice my needs and wants, to live a short yet fulfilling life. Personal Information:
Nick Name : Hance Birthday : Dec.24, 1994 Course : Bs Architecture Civil Status : Single Mothers Name : Jihan Elesterio Educational Background Tertiary: Bachelor Of Science In Architecture Technological Institute Of The Philippines 363 P. Casal St. Quipo, Manila

Secondary: Saint Raphaela Mary School Caloocan City

Elementary: Basco, Central School Basco , Batanes Membership/ Affiliation: N/A

Kimbert Almoza Y. Basco Batanes (0926)734-32-26

Career Objective To explore my skill and to share my knowledge to other people about what I’ve learned & to achieve all my objectives and dreams in life. Personal Information:
Nick Name : Kimmy Birthday : Feb.7, 1996 Course : BS Architecture Civil Status : Single Father’s Name : Eriberto Almoza Mother’s Name : Florentina Almoza Educational Background

Tertiary Bachelor Of Science In Architecture Technological Institute Of The Philippines 363 P. Casal St. Quipo, Manila

Secondary: Batanes, National Science High School Basco, Batanes

Elementary: Basco, Central School Basco , Batanes

Membership/ Affiliation: N/A

Dela Vega Lea F.
Dasmarinas ,Cavite City
(0907)383-52-66

Career Objectives: To improve my talent and sharpen my skill and to help other people of what I learned in life and to be a successful woman throughout of my talent. Personal Information: Nick Name : Yang Birthday : Feb.13, 1993 Course : Bs Architecture Civil Status : Single Farthers Name : Benjamine Dela Vega III Mothers Name : Emma Dela Vega Educational Background

Tertiary: Bachelor Of Science In Architecture Technological Institute Of The Philippines 363 P. Casal St. Quipo, Manila

Secondary: Dasmarinas East National High School Dasmarinas, Cavite City Elementary: Jesus Son Of Mary Academy School Dasmarinas, Cavite City Membership / Affiliation: N/A

Mary Jane Yu Abecia
Cebu City
(0909)724-18-06

Career Objective:
To enhance my talent and to sharpen my skill In my chosen field, be able to share to other people by teaching and helping them Personal Information: Nick Name : Jane Birthday : Aug.29 1993 Course : Bs Architecture Civil Status : Single Farthers Name : Phil Abecia Mothers Name : Evanglista Abecia Educational Background

Tertiary: Bachelor Of Science In Architecture Technological Institute of The Philippines 363 P. Casal St. Quipo, Manila

Secondary: Cebu National Highschool Cebu City Elementary: Emanuel Perpetual School Cebu City