...V-shaped ribs. The channel aspect ratio (AR) is 4:1, the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) is 0.078 and the rib pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) is 10. The rotation number and inlet coolant-to-wall density ratio were varied from 0.0 to 0.28 and from 0.122 to 0.40, respectively, while the Reynolds number was varied from 10,000 to 500,000. Three channel orientations (90 degrees, −135 degrees, and 135 degrees from the rotation direction) were also investigated. The second type is a rotating rectangular channel with staggered arrays of pinfins. The channel aspect ratio (AR) is 4:1, the pin length-to-diameter ratio is 2.0, and the pin spacing-to-diameter ratio is 2.0 in both the stream-wise and span-wise directions. The rotation number and inlet coolant-to-wall density ratio varied from 0.0 to 0.28 and from 0.122 to 0.20, respectively, while the Reynolds number varied from 10,000 to iv 100,000. For the rotating cases, the rectangular channel was oriented at 150 degrees with respect to the plane of rotation. In the rotating two-pass rectangular channel with 45-degree rib turbulators, three channels with different aspect ratios (AR=1:1; AR=1:2; AR=1:4) were investigated. Detailed predictions of mean velocity, mean temperature, and Nusselt number for two Reynolds numbers (Re=10,000 and Re=100,000) were carried out. The rib height is fixed as constant and the rib-pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) is 10, but the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratios (e/Dh) are 0.125, 0.094...
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...confidence. There is a standard of the banking industry to measure or evaluate the health, it can be from the financial report that published by the bank periodically. This report is very useful to determine the condition of the bank especially for owners, management, government, and the society (Kasmir, 2012). Based on BI regulation No.6/10/PBI/2004 on 12th April 2004 stated that CAMELS (Capital, Asset Quality, Management, Earning, Liquidity, Sensitivity to Market Risk) is the analysis to measure the health of the banks. The aspects of the analysis by using the financial ratio of the bank. Capital covered by CAR, Asset Quality covered by NPL/NPF, Management covered by BOPO, and Liquidity covered by LDR/FDR. CAMEL analysis that connected with the health of the bank is to know the condition of the bank (Kasmir, 2011). ROA is a major indicator of profitability bank (Sirraj and Philai, 2012) and researcher wants to measure the financial performance by using the financial ratio of the bank. Profitability is the most important indicator to measure the performance or operation of the bank. In determined the bank’s health, Central Bank (BI) more concerned in the ROA rather than ROE because BI more focus to measure the profitability of the bank in the term of the asset which is the fund comes from the deposits of the customers, so ROA is used to measure the bank’s profitability as a whole (Hakim and Rafsanjani, 2015). The greater ROA of a bank, the higher profit that the bank’s achieved and the...
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...What do we know about the physiology of colour vision? Which aspects of the colour vision can trichromacy explain and which is it unable to explain? Colour vision is the ability of an organism or machine to distinguish components of the environment based on the reflection, omission or transmission of wavelengths. A human's perception of colour is a subjective process whereby the brain responds to the stimuli that are produced when incoming light reacts with the several types of cone photoreceptors in the eye. In essence different people may see one subject in different ways. The trichromatic theory of colour vision constitutes one mechanism by which the perception of colour may be achieved. The theory was proposed by Young in 1802, based on a colour matching experiment in which participants had to match an arbitrary colour by mixing wavelengths of three lamps. The test lights were always primary colours. The target light was an arbitrary colour. Findings highlighted that the target light could only be achieved by mixing all three of the test lights. By mixing less than all 3, the target could not be achieved but by mixing 4 colours, uniqueness disappeared in that different matches could achieve same colour! From this, Young inferred that colour perception depends on three different types of cone receptors within the eye. Hermann von Helmholtz developed the theory further in 1850, and highlighted that the three types of cone photoreceptors could be classified as short-wavelength...
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...Qualitative Methodology: Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Care Keli Feathler, RN Grand Canyon University NRS 433v Nora Bazydlo RN MSN October 29, 2011 Introduction Does the issue of nurse staffing have an effect on quality of patient care? This study addresses the topic of nurse staffing, which includes nurses (RN and LPN) and nurse’s aides. Research in Action: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) presents the study “Hospital Nurse Staffing and Quality of Care”. Nurse staffing is measured in one of two ways: nursing hours per patient day and nurse to patent ratio (Stanton, 2004). The article looks at periods of high vacancy rates, assesses the patients needs, the development of care plans and administration of medications and treatments in factoring the quality of care. It shows the effect lower staffing levels and its direct link to higher adverse outcome rates. The study of staffing and quality of care is essential, to link the two together, and prove that the issue needs to be addressed in all forums of nursing. The way to making improvements in nurse staffing is to present documentation/research that supports the issue at hand. With factual information, ways to improve the problem can be formed. Higher levels of nurse staffing at all levels showed a 2-25% reduction in adverse patient outcomes. In order to improve the quality and delivery of health care staffing needs to be addressed, and by performing research...
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...influence the success of the adjustment. Examples of these factors are revenue increases, cuts in government spending, the debt-to-GDP ratio and some political variables. In general, each factor accounts for one hypothesis. The paper which comes closest to ours is the one of Alesina et al. (1998). It deals with the success of fiscal adjustments. The authors found that expenditure cuts are more effective than an increase in government revenues. Papers as for example the one of McDermott and Wescott (1996) also focus on this aspect and investigate the question whether fiscal adjustments result in periods of small or even negative economic growth. However, the prevailing research has only been focusing on one type of fiscal adjustments. We think that the distinction between rapid and gradual fiscal adjustments can be of important use to prove existing research findings or even indicate new insights in the topic of the fiscal economy. De Haan et al. (2007) took the aspect of gradual adjustments into account, by concentrating on the impact of factors on the appearance of rapid and gradual fiscal adjustments. In this research, we use the same two definitions of whether fiscal adjustments take place. Successful adjustments are defined as in the paper of Alesina et al. (1998). Their definition is based on reductions in debt-to-GDP ratios and deficit-to-GDP ratios. To test...
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...on aspect ratio ~ depth/width ! rather than the absolute feature size. 1 Several mechanisms have been invoked to explain the ‘‘rule’’ of aspect-ratio-dependent etching ~ ARDE ! , but no general theory has emerged that captures the variety of seemingly conflicting experimental observations reported in the literature. 1,2 For example, while an ion-neutral synergy model with pure neutral flux shadowing appears to be con- sistent with a wealth of ARDE measurements in semiconductors, 2 it does not hold for the etching of insula- tors. Indeed, Doemling et al. 3 have reported inverse ARDE of trenches and holes in SiO 2 in a high-density CHF 3 plasma at 20 mTorr. Remarkably, they also reported aspect ratio independent etching ~ ARIE ! when the pressure was lowered to 6.7 mTorr; for fixed etching time, the etch depth was the same for a variety of trench widths and hole diameters ~ as low as 0.25 m m, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 8.5:1 ! . These authors convincingly argued that the strong influence of feature geometry on neutral flux of an etch inhibitor, pro- duced in the CHF 3 plasma, is responsible for the inverse ARDE at the higher pressure. The low pressure results were explained by hypothesizing that the neutral density at the bottom of the trench or hole, while ‘‘too low to cause inverse ARDE, it was still sufficient to suppress regular ARDE.’’ This hypothesis must be valid for all trenches and holes etched at the low pressure, which spanned the regime of aspect ratios between...
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...The purpose of this paper is to accurately and critically analyze the major changes of technology throughout the film industry’s history. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology and evolved and their effects on the film industry. Although the growth of technology in the film industry may seem of concern to only film makers, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about the future of the cinematography and/or television. Innovations in film technology have undoubtedly shaped the film industry into what it is today. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology have evolved, and their effects on film production. Utilizing what we have learned in class and multiple sources of research, we will critically analyze the major changes in film technology history. The world’s first films produced were black and white, but even to make a black and white film, several important inventions were required. These inventions needed to record video, store the recording, and produce enough lighting to be able to see the scene. In 1893, Thomas Edison introduced the Kinetograph and Kinetoscope to the public, which may have been the largest innovation in film technology (Movie History). The Kinetograph was the first motion picture camera, and was combined with the Kinetoscope which housed a lamp and...
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...GROUND EFFECT AERODYNAMICS.............................................................. 4 CHORD DOMINATED GROUND EFFECT ................................................... 4 SPAN DOMINATED GROUND EFFECT....................................................... 5 AERODYNAMIC CENTERS IN GROUND EFFECT..................................... 6 AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY IN GROUND EFFECT ............................... 7 EKRANOPLANS.................................................................................................. 9 CONFIGURATION LAYOUT ......................................................................... 9 POWER AUGMENTATION RAM (PAR)..................................................... 12 LONGITUDINAL STABILITY...................................................................... 14 LATERAL STABILITY ................................................................................. 15 1. INTRODUCTION Wing-in-ground effect applies to vehicles design to fly at very low altitudes to take the advantage of increased in aerodynamic lift and reduced drag which occurs when a wing is in ground effect. The phenomenon of ground effect was observed as early as the Wright Brothers’ Wright Flyer I which flew in the presence of ground effect. During World War II, war planes which are low on fuel flew in ground effect in order to fly back to base in order to make use of the increase in efficiency when operating in ground effect. Despite this phenomenon of ground effect was discovered...
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...onwards, Linear has been steadily paying out dividends every quarter. Over the years, the dividends paid out to shareholders have also increased. From the dividend payout ratio (Appendix, Table 1), it is evident that especially in 2002 to 2003, dividends being distributed have increased from its previously steady ratio of approximately 0.100. Dividends in both years have increased despite the fall in net income. There were stock splits for Linear in 1993, 1996, 1999 and 2000. This meant that the residual shares owned increased, and that shareholders can then receive more dividends. However since dividend payout ratio remained fairly stable, this reflects greatly on Linearâs strong earnings. Question 2 ________________ Linear Technology has no financing needs, given its large cash balance of US$1.565 billion in 2003 and positive net cash flow from 1992. Net income has also been positive since 1992, with net income in the first 3 quarters of 2003 at US$170.6 million. Current liabilities stand at US$135.6 million[1], and long-term liabilities at $97.5 million. Accounts receivable as at March 2003 was at $83.6 million, current assets at $1.741 billion, leading to total assets of $2.031 billion. Hence, this leads to quick and current ratios of 12.2 and 12.8 respectively (Appendix), and a debt ratio of 7.5. This figure indicates that assets far exceed liabilities in the short and long term, proving that the company has sufficient liquidity and long-term solvency. ...
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...The Averch-Johnson Effect Economics of Competition and Monopoly 1 Rate of Return Regulation This form of regulation in its purest form takes costs as exogenous and observable and forms prices on the basis of observed costs included and appropriate rate of return on capital. One of the principal criticisms that have arisen for the kind of rate of return regulation practised in the United States is that the incentive for productive efficiency are reduced. In particular the input choice of the regulated firm will be distorted. While this effect is widely quoted there are a number of misunderstandings regarding the nature and significance of the theoretical result and there has been a fairly substantial empirical literature that has questioned whether it is relevant in practice. We will look at the theoretical result to illustrate what it does or does not show and look at the empirical relevance. The key aspect of rate of return regulation is that the principal restriction on the regulated firm is that the rate of return it can earn on capital is restricted to a value s. In order for the firm to be able to finance its operations, secure funds for its investments, the firm has to be able to earn a return equivalent to its cost of capital r. As it is difficult to determine the exact cost of capital and there is a hard constraint that the permitted rate of return should not be less that r the permitted rate s will typically be above r. The usual (and somewhat misleading)...
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...The Averch-Johnson Effect Economics of Competition and Monopoly 1 Rate of Return Regulation This form of regulation in its purest form takes costs as exogenous and observable and forms prices on the basis of observed costs included and appropriate rate of return on capital. One of the principal criticisms that have arisen for the kind of rate of return regulation practised in the United States is that the incentive for productive efficiency are reduced. In particular the input choice of the regulated firm will be distorted. While this effect is widely quoted there are a number of misunderstandings regarding the nature and significance of the theoretical result and there has been a fairly substantial empirical literature that has questioned whether it is relevant in practice. We will look at the theoretical result to illustrate what it does or does not show and look at the empirical relevance. The key aspect of rate of return regulation is that the principal restriction on the regulated firm is that the rate of return it can earn on capital is restricted to a value s. In order for the firm to be able to finance its operations, secure funds for its investments, the firm has to be able to earn a return equivalent to its cost of capital r. As it is difficult to determine the exact cost of capital and there is a hard constraint that the permitted rate of return should not be less that r the permitted rate s will typically be above r. The usual (and somewhat misleading) statement of the...
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...in the Indian Banking Sector in Post Liberalization Regime Dept. of Commerce, AMU, Aligarh India Azeem Ahmad Khan ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explore various motivations of Merger and Acquisitions in the Indian banking sector. This includes the various aspects of banking Industry’s Merger and Acquisitions. It also compares pre and post merger financial performance of merged banks with the help of financial parameters like Gross-Profit Margin, Net- Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin, Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), Return on Equity (ROE) and Debt-Equity Ratio. Through literature review it comes to know that most of the work done high lightened the impact of Merger and Acquisitions on different aspects of the companies. The data of Merger and Acquisitions since economic liberalization are collected for a set of various financial parameters. This study also examines the changes occurring in the acquiring firms on the basis of financial ground and also the overall impact of Merger and acquisitions (M&As) on acquiring banks. The Researcher used independent t-test for testing the statistical significance and this test is applied not only for the ratio analysis but also to test the effect of Merger and Acquisitions on the performance of banks. This performance is being tested on the basis of two grounds i.e. Pre merger and Post merger. The result of the study indicates that the banks have been positively affected by the event of Merger and acquisitions (M&As)...
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...THE EFFECTS OF BANKING SECTOR AND STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT ON THE MALAYSIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION BY HAFSAH AHMAD A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ECONOMICS KULLIYYAH OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA MAY 2005 1 ABSTRACT This study investigates the long-run relationship between financial development (banking sector and stock market development) and economic growth in Malaysia. Six variables based on Malaysian quarterly data from 1978:1 to 2002:4 are employed, namely real GDP per capita, investment rate and ratios of credit, deposit, market capitalization, and value of shares traded to GDP. Two dynamic frameworks are adopted - Vector Auto regression (VAR) with error correction formulation for causality analyses and dynamic OLS (DOLS) procedure for estimation of growthfinance long-run relation. Causality analyses show that there is bi-directional causality between financial development (banking sector and stock market development) and economic growth. Analyses on growth-finance long-run relations indicate that banking sector development and stock market development individually have an independent positive effect on long-run economic growth. They enhance economic growth through both channels – the volume and efficiency of investment, with the latter being the main source of their independent effect. The study also shows that...
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...| The Parthenon Peristasis | | Ates Gulcugil Abstract Two golden ratio models will be constructed for the peristasis of the Parthenon and their dimensions compared with the actual one. Definitions Φ: The golden ratio, 1.618... Golden Numbers: Integer powers of Φ. Interval: Distance between two, neighboring, parallel line segments. Golden Interval: An interval which is a golden number. Normalizing: Dividing each dimension of a structure by a selected one of its dimensions. Aspect Ratio: Ratio of longer-to-shorter side of a rectangle. The Parthenon Peristasis The dimensions (in feet) of the Parthenon peristasis as measured by Francis Penrose are shown in the following diagram. There are two different kinds of intervals in the peristasis: The corner spaces (total 8), and the intercolumnia (total 38). These are shown below. Substituting the (scaled up by 101.361/101.341) intervals of the left hand side for the unmeasured right hand side, the mean values are figured out as: Mean corner space: 15.448 ft Mean intercolumnium: 14.090 ft The peristasis with the mean values is shown below. Golden Ratio Relations If the Parthenon was designed around the golden ratio there must be a golden ratio relationship between the corner space and the intercolumnium. The following diagram shows the analysis of these two intervals. The intercolumnium, because it is uninterrupted, will be considered as a golden interval, (interval a). When normalized with respect...
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...BASIC TRAINING ON TYRES TYPES: 1. Solid tyres e.g. Wheel barrow, forklifts 2. Pneumatic tyres – air is the load carrier i. Bias/ cross ply Passenger - 2 -6 nylon cord plies Vans – 6 -8 plies No of plies determines load capacity ii. Radial Components - rubber, fillers, steel, nylon, plasticizers, chemicals for vulcanization, antioxidants. TYRE TERMS 1) Tread - has unique characteristics ranging from wear resistance, cut resistance, heat resistance, low rolling resistance, or any combination of these. The purpose of the tread is to transmit the forces between the rest of the tyre and the ground. 2) Sidewall - is a protective rubber coating on the outer sides of the tyre. It is designed to resist cutting, scuffing, weather checking, and cracking. 3) Chafer - protects the bead and body from chafing (wear from rubbing) where the tyre is in contact with the rim. It increases the overall stiffness of the bead area, which in turn restricts deflection and deformation and increases the durability of the bead area. 4) The liner - It covers the inside of the tyre from bead to bead and prevents the air from escaping through the tyre. 5) The bead - is considered the foundation of the tyre. It anchors the bead on the rim. 6) The body ply restricts the pressure which ultimately carries the load. It also transmits the forces (torque, torsion, etc.) from the belts to the bead and eventually to the rim. 7) The steel belts are layers of steel cord...
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