...minuets on this question. • Q.3 is a theories essay for 33 marks. THIS QUESTION IS SYNOPTIC! You should spend 45 minuets on this question. Below is a list of all the areas and studies you need to know for each section of the exam. Don’t worry if you don’t know all the studies, each college/school are likely to teach slightly different ones, just make sure you know about that amount for each section. Q.1 For the first two pure crime parts you need to know: Functionalist theories of crime and deviance Durkheim – Social control, social regulation including suicide Merton-Strain theory, blocked aspirations Cohen – Status frustration Cloward and Ohlin – Deviant subcultures New Right/Right Realism James Wilson – Strict law enforcement needed Wilson and Kelling – Broken windows, zero tolerance Murray – Cultural deprivation, single parents and ineffective, the underclass Erdos – Families without fathers Subcultural theories Cohen – Delinquent subcultures Cloward and Ohlin – Delinquency and opportunity, criminal, conflict and retreatist subcultures Willis – pupil subcultures (learning to labour) Patrick – Gang culture (Glasgow gangs) Humphreys – Gay subcultures and covert participant observation Miller – Focal concerns, lower working class male subculture Matza – Delnquency and drift, techniques of neutralisation, subterranean values Marxist theories of crime and deviance Gordon – Criminogenic...
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...Weber believed in the social action theory, where religious beliefs of Calvinists helped to bring about social change. This is supported in item A ‘religious ideas can be a powerful motivation for change, as Weber showed in his study of Calvinism.’ The emergence of modern capitalism in Northern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was due to Calvinist beliefs. Calvinists had several distinctive beliefs. Predestination, where god had predetermined whether a soul will be saved or not and there is nothing you can do to change this. Devine transcendence, no individual can claim to know god’s ill, which made people feel inner loneliness and ‘salvation panic’. Asceticism, abstinence, self-discipline and self-denial were required by Calvinist’s and prepared them for a life under capitalism. Vocation or calling, Calvinist’s introduced the idea of this worldly asceticism, which meant constant methodical work in occupation and was a religious duty. Again preparing people of life under capitalism as it requires hard work. Weber did not say that Calvinism was the cause of modern capitalism, but that it was one of the causes. Weber’s theory is often seen as a direct assault on Marx’s theory. Bruce was interested in the relationship between religion and social change he compaired two examples of religiously inspired protests movements in the USA, the civil rights movement and the new Christian right. According to Bruce the black civil rights movement in the 1950’s and 1960’s was...
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...The mission of the Iowa Board of Nursing is to protect the public by regulating the licensing of nurses and making sure they receive continued education (Iowa Board of Nursing, IBON). It outlines the laws and practices of a particular state and regulates that all nurses in that state must perform duties to those standards. The IBON also implements the state laws related to nursing programs and schools and administers the nurse practice act. (Jacob, 2011). Basically, the board is responsible for upholding the laws and rules of nursing. The American Nursing Association (ANA) has some of the same interests, but the main goal of the ANA is to promote and protect the nursing profession and help nurses succeed and be recognized as the great people that they are. The ANA goes to bat to promote new standards in health care and promote and improve nurses’ rights in the workplace. They also go to the legislation with new acts that will help improve overall standards in healthcare. Provisions influence the way nurses practice health care. As in provision one, it talks about practicing with compassion and respect; we as nurses use this concept every day (American Nurses Assoc). I have compassion for all of my patients, no matter what their social status, their ethnic background, or their religious preference; I treat them all with the same level of caring and respect. This respect and compassion also goes towards the people that I work with every day; I care about their feelings...
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...specific principles and methods (creative).A proficient teacher has to make sure that both aspects are applied while blending in to the environment. Teaching as a profession has changed over a period of time and so has the role of a teacher. The conventional role of a teacher was to just impart information to students and students were expected to learn and understand it. Now, with extensive research done on how student learn, a new insight has developed and hence the role of teacher has changed. Innumerable learning theories, e.g. Sensory, Kolb’s experiential theory, Skinner’s behaviorist’s theory and the learning domains (Cognitive, Psychomotor, Affective) Gravells (2008),(Behavioral, Cognitive and Humanistic) Roger (1996) have been identified and related to diverse strategies to cope with individual learning styles. On the other hand, Reece and Walker (2006) provides an overview of models of learning indicating that a teacher has to follow different kinds of approaches which suits the students (Appendix 1). Roger (1996) has indicated that these theories have originated from understanding of the major contemporary changes in the culture. They have all focused on active nature of learners (Andragogy); students learn when they are motivated to...
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...CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Level MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 9699 SOCIOLOGY 9699/33 Paper 3 (Social Inequality and Opportunity), maximum raw mark 75 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. Page 2 1 Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL – May/June 2014 Syllabus 9699 Paper 33 (a) Explain how the achievement of pupils may be influenced by pupil sub-cultures. [9] 0–4 A few general observations about pupils’ educational achievement, with no direct links to the question, would be worth 1 or 2 marks. A basic account of what is meant by pupil sub-culture, with no further development in relation to the question, would be placed in the higher part of the band. 5–9 Lower in the band, answers are likely to provide a basic...
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...Introduction Assess the role of education form the functionalist perspective Functionalists believe that education performs very important roles for individuals, the economy and the wider social structure. It provides secondary socialisation, passing on shared culture enables individuals to develop their potential and regulates their behaviour. Functionalists argue that education has three broad; socialisation where education helps to maintain society by socialising young people in to key cultural values, such as achievement, individualism, equality of opportunity, social solidarity and democracy. The second one is skills provision in which education teaches the skills required by a modern industrial society. These may be general skills that everyone needs such as literacy and numeracy or the specific skills needed for particular occupations. And the final function is role allocation, where education allocates people to the most appropriate jobs for their talents using examination and qualifications. This is seen to be fair because there is equality of opportunity, everyone has the chance to achieve success in society on the basis of their ability. ...read more. Middle Educational mechanisms such as grades, examinations, references and qualifications are used to sort individuals. Society is this a meritocracy in which people are rewarded for intelligence, ability and effort. Functional importance is decided by length and specialist training required for particular occupations...
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...Theorist Selected: Dorothea Orem Description of Theory: This paper will discuss about Orem’s general theory of nursing and major concepts of her theory are person, health, nursing and environment. Orem’s general theory of nursing consists of three parts. Each theory is presented as a set of assumptions and propositions. According to Current Nursing (2012) (i) Theory of self- care includes: self- care means individuals perform activities on their own to maintain life, health, and well-being. Self- care Agency is a human ability to engaging in self-care conditioned by age developmental state, life experience, sociocultural orientation health, and available resources. Therapeutic self-care demand is,” totally of self-care action to be performed for some period of time by using valid method, sets of operation and action to meet self- care demands”(para.4). Self-care requisite includes three catagories: Universal self-care, developmental self-care, and health deviation self-care requisites. (ii) Theory of self-care deficit clarifies that when nursing is in need and five helping methods: Acting for and doing for others, guiding others, supporting another, providing an environment for personal development in order to meet future demands, and teaching another.(iii)Theory of nursing system describes how patient’s self-care needs will be meet by the nurse and patient. Orem identifies three classifications of nursing system to meet the self-care necessities of the patient are wholly compensatory...
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...Although June 2016 will be a new specification and exam structure much of the material you have learnt in families and households applies to the new exam. Below are examples of questions taken from the old exam papers that you should practice writing plans for as they are still relevant. However there are a few key differences: * The question you will answer will be worth 20 marks not 24 marks. * You will have 30 minutes to write a 20 mark answer. * The essays will consist 4 paragraphs and a conclusion containing new information. How to use this document: * Use the extract from the mark scheme and examiners’ advice to create essay plans of the questions. * You may not have heard of all of the concepts in the mark scheme but there should be at least some that are familiar to you. * The examiner’s advice usually outlines bad, moderate and good answers to the question so pick out the ways in which you can achieve top band and incorporate this into your plan. June 2015 Examine the impact of government policies and laws on family life. [24 marks] From the mark scheme: Concepts and issues such as the following may appear: patriarchy; familism; surveillance; ideological control; gender regimes; marital breakdown; family structure; family diversity; welfare dependency; underclass; reserve army of labour Policies/laws on abortion; divorce; contraception; reproductive technology; marriage; adoption; pensions; benefits; taxes; education; childcare; child protection;...
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...(Driscoll 2000) throughout this essay. What? - As part of the mentorship module I was required to complete a Learning Development Plan (LDP). Part of the LDP involved writing a lesson plan which was then taught to a student under the supervision of my mentor. A copy of the lesson plan can be found within the LDP. An assessment plan was then used to evaluate the learning that had taken place and to assess the competency of the student. I am employed as a Paramedic Practitioner by a National Health Service (NHS) Ambulance Trust and I decided to teach the skill of Intubation to a student Paramedic. The lesson plan included assessing the level of knowledge of my student at the start in order to pitch the lesson at the right level. Gopee (2008:47) cites Ausubel et al (1978) on the view that most meaningful cognitive learning takes place as a result of interaction between the knowledge the individual already processes, and the new information that the individual encounters. Thus the most important factor influencing the learner is what the learner already knows. In order to assess my student, I used the Airway Management assessment sheet currently in use by my Ambulance Trust (NHS Ambulance Trust (name withheld) 2010), a copy of which can be found in Appendix 1. Following the assessment, I provided the student with constructive feedback on both the session and their assessment. So What? – Honey and Mumford (2000) have identified four main learning styles – Activist, Pragmatist...
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...should spend 30 minutes on each question and each should have a traditional essay structure (include an introduction and a conclusion, at least two sides of the argument, two or more theories, relevant studies and as much evaluation as you can cram in!). You also need to show ‘conceptual confidence’ – this just means that you should make it clear to the examiner that you know and understand the important concepts, e.g. anomie, relative deprivation.Make sure you make reference to the item – both essay questions will have their own item. You can often use the information in the item as a springboard into the essay in the introduction. However, you will be penalised for ‘overuse of the item’, so don’t just copy it out. You can use short quotes or statistics from the item though. | Question: | What to include: | Assess the view that ethnic differences in crime rates are the result of the ways in which the criminal justice system operates. | This question is essentially about the presence (or not) of institutional racism in the police, courts and penal system. You will need to compare the importance of this as opposed to explanations that argue that ethnic minorities do commit more crime - either as a result of relative deprivation (left realism) or poor upbringing, absent fathers, etc (new right). * Try to include some stats, reference to patterns of offending, stop and search, ethnic make-up of prisons. There may well be some in the item for this question. * Black people...
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...when they are unable to be their own. It is the knowledge and education of the nurse that aids them in assessing a patient and leads them to ask the right questions so a safe clinical decision is made. (McHugh & Lake, 2010) Any person who graduates for a nursing program, weather it is a diploma, associate degree or a baccalaureate degree is eligible is sit for the licensing exam (NCLEX-RN) to become a Registered Nurse. The NCLEX test for minimum technical competency. An Associate degree in nursing (ADN) program is a two year degree that focuses more on the clinical skills of the nurse and less on the science and theory that is nursing. Many people choose to pursue this degree due to the fact it often takes less time to obtain and the cost is usually less. While associate degree prepared nurses can be great bedside nurses they tend to be task oriented and lack the education and critical thinking skills needed to be leaders in the nursing field. A Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree is a four year degree that is based on research and theory. They are trained to treat the whole patient, not only their current issues but everything that the patient encompasses. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) states that education “enhances both clinical competency and care delivery.” (Rosseter, n.d.) During the four years of a nurse’s formal education they study physical and social sciences, theory and research based practice and advanced assessment skills. ...
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... of nursing and a professional nursing organization. There is also brief discussion I presented on this assignment about nursing code of ethics, professional traits, nursing theory contributions and scenarios. Difference Between BRN and PNO The difference between regulatory agency of BRN and professional nursing organization. Board of register nursing is an organization; state governmental existing law to controls the practice of registered nurse and protects public health. It gives clear rules and regulation to follow and implement in each state by making sure that all standards of nursing practice are act is met. BRN have the power to revoke license, forbid from nursing practice and also provides continuous education, public safety, develop polices and protect consumers by setting different rules in...
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...be influenced by the learning experience. It also discusses the learning, teaching and mentorship theories and considers the principles of an assessment. It will look at the reliability, validity and different factors that may influence the learner’s needs. It will reflect on the responsibilities and boundaries of the mentor and discuss the legal, ethical and professional accountability. The clinical setting as a learning environment will be analysed and the effectiveness of the roles and responsibilities of a mentor will be discussed. Finally, the importance of effective teamwork within a clinical setting environment will be examined. To comply with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) all confidential information will be withheld and names changed. According to the NMC (2006) students on an NMC approved pre-registration nursing course must be supported and assessed by a mentor. The mentor must be registered on a local register and must demonstrate their knowledge, skills and competences on an ongoing basis. As a qualified nurse the NMC (2008) also states “you must facilitate students and others to develop their competences”. Student nurses in their final year of study are allocated placements within the community setting every six months. Most students look for a role model within the clinical placement. Therefore, ensuring mentors have the skills to support and assess the students is vital (Long 2009). It is for this reason that after two years as a qualified staff...
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...Using material from item 2b and elsewhere, assess the contribution of functionalist sociologists to our understanding of the family Functionalists believe that everyone has a role to play in society in order for it to work effectively. Not only does the family have practical uses like reproduction and primary socialisation, but also things that personally benefit each member of family like economic provision. Each individual has a different belief on the importance of family and how it impacts our lives; however, I think functionalism only covers the basic understanding of family and how we are impacted by our own. One functionalist who has a theory regarding family is George Murdock, who published his research in 1949. Murdock believe there are four functions to a family: sexual, reproductive, economic and educational. The sexual function is for the married parents. In order to stay together and uphold the traditional happy family, they enjoy a healthy sex life to prevent affairs and unhappiness within the marriage. This is important as it ensures the children of the couple are raised by their biological parents. The economic function is the means of the man going off to work in order to provide food and shelter for the rest of the family. Education is the primary socialisation of the children, they will have the expected norms and values of moral people, helping them to fit into society as they grow older. This ‘education’ will also help them learn their place in society...
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...Sociology of Education Unit 10 What do Marxists say about the education system? Learning targets: • Marxists see that the ruling class or 'bourgeoisie' rule the workers or 'proletariat'. • The bourgeoisie have the wealth and the power to rule. The proletariat are exploited because they are not treated fairly. • Marxists argue that the education system plays a key role in disseminating the ideology of the ruling class. • Education acts as a force of oppression for the children of the working classes Key questions (AO1) What do Marxists believe? (AO1) How do Marxist theories apply to the education system? (AO2) What strengths are there to the Marxist view of education system? (AO2) How have Marxist views been criticised by other writers? Summary of key points Marxists see capitalist society as being ruled by the economy. The minority, the ruling class or 'bourgeoisie' rule the majority, namely the workers or 'proletariat'. The bourgeoisie have the wealth and the power to rule. The proletariat are exploited because they are not treated fairly. This is the basis of class inequality. Institutions such as organised religion, the mass media, the political and the education systems all reinforce the ideology that the rich and powerful should control society. They promote an ideology or belief that our society is fair and just and...
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