...THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDITING IN FRAUD PREVENTION AND INVESTIGATION. INTRODUCTION. Internal auditing is charged with the overall responsibility of reviewing, evaluating and monitoring the organization’s internal controls to ensure efficiency. Its functions include a detailed testing of transactions and balances, and performing routine or sometimes, random checks as a precautionary measure. During this process, an auditor might uncover fraudulent practices, which would otherwise have gone unnoticed. This paper intends to clarify the difference between auditing and fraud investigation, fraud indicators, highlight the role of audits in fraud prevention and investigation. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND CONCLUSION. Paul A. Rodrigues said, “It has been aptly said that auditors look at the ‘donut’ and fraud examiners look at the ‘hole’” (Auditing vs. Fraud Examination, para. 2). That statement indicates a difference between auditing and fraud investigation; audits are reoccurring (on a regular basis), fraud investigations are not (only when there is sufficient predication); an audits scope is general, that of fraud investigations are specific (allegation based); an audit’s objective is to express a general opinion, a fraud examination’s is to affix blame where an allegation is confirmed (adapted from the ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual). That being said, an internal audit is party to a fraud investigation along side forensic investigators, legal counsel, law enforcement and the lot...
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...WorldCom history The history of WorldCom Company dates back in 1983 which started as a partnership between a former basketball coach Bernard Ebbers. This company was established at Mississippi as a coffee shop, which later developed to long distance Telephone Company. The company’s name initially was Long Distance Discount Service whose operations began on 1984. After several years in operation, the company became public in August 1989 with Bernard Ebbers as the company’s CEO (Moberg 4). Over the years, the company developed through mergers and acquisitions and becomes public in the year 1989. The notable merge which enabled the company to go public was the merger with the advantage companies Inc. This led to changing of the name from just LDDS to LDDS WorldCom in 1995 and to just WorldCom a year later (Moberg 4). In 1993, the company acquires long distance providers in the name of Resurgence Communications Group and Metromedia communications. This made history as the fourth largest long distance communication firm in United States. There were also several other mergers and acquisitions such as with IDB in 1994, WilTel in 1995, MFS communications in 1996, and the greatest merger which involved MCI communications. In 1998, WorldCom completed the merger with MCI at a cost estimated to be $40 billion. This was viewed as the greatest merger after brooks fiber properties and CompuServe which were valued at $ 1.2 and $ 1.3 billion respectively (Moberg 6). Another notable aspect...
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...world has many causes behind it; one of them being is financial scandals. The financial scandals are making false or incorrect attempts with the financial records of company for benefit or hiding scams. Auditing failure was another reason behind general crisis, auditing failures occurs when auditor declares that a company’s financial statements are true and fair but comprises many frauds or disclosed information. This eventually resulted in questioning of auditors role in providing true and fair view of financial records around the world. The motive behind writing this essay is to gain more information and knowledge about Auditing as whole. In this essay we are going to discuss issues relating to financial scandals caused general crisis of confidence in the integrity of the whole system of corporate accountability, classifying auditors role and the efficiency of the auditing process, Also selecting a company for example Parmalat, analyzing and discussing the issues that challenged the credibility of audit reports issued by auditing firms like Grant thorton and Deloitte & Touche. In December 2003, The parmalat was involved in a giant accounting fraud of worth more than $10 billion. The SEC states that the Parmalat scandal was one of the brazen and major financial frauds in the history. In eightees Parmalat became popular in dairy markets and expanded its operation in other food markets as well. In 2001, the first report of Parmalat stated that out of their thirteen directors...
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...http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen/FraudAmericanHistory.htm History of Fraud in America (Edited for use in MBA 590_ NCSU) Bob Jensen at Trinity University Colonial History Earliest "business" fraud in America centered around phony heath cures. Armstrong and Armstrong (1991) document many of the snake oil ploys that commenced soon after the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock. Medical frauds ranging from deceptive medicines to spiritual cures to bloodletting expanded over time to modern day cancer miracle cures and Internet charlatanism. Since early America was largely agricultural, various land schemes accompanied the growing market for deceptive rural living and farming products. As the original 13 colonies were established land was owned by men who had been granted land from the English King. They in turn sold land to individuals and established common areas. Although many of the early dealings were legitimate, it did not take long for land swindles to commence. Swindlers were either buyers or sellers of land. Victims were often new immigrants and Indians who lived on the land before Colonial times. One of the best known frauds was the 1626 purchase of Manhattan Island for trinkets valued at 60 guilders (approximately $24). In this case the Carnarsie Indians from Brooklyn perpetrated the fraud since their land was not even connected to Manhattan Island. But in most cases it was the white men who cheated the Indians and each other. Land swindling grew rampant as America expanded...
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...Fraud Schemes and Fraud Investigation Acc 571 Instructor: Dr. Ole Ruankaew Diane Phillips November 22, 2015 Fraud Schemes and Fraud Investigations The problem that organization faces today, are employee fraud. Many organizations feel that long term success of any company comes from the quality of their employees and workers loyalty. While during my research, I discovery that Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, Inc. has shown that organization have lost five percent of their annual revenue each year because of employee fraud. Every organization needs to have a plan in places for fraud detention. In preventing fraud in the work place, a good strategy for any organization is to implement internal control. These are plans; programs and procedures put in place to safe guard the company assets, and ensure the integrity of its accounting records. As prevention fraud is much easier than recovering losses after a fraud has been committed. This study will focus on the case of Stanford Financial Group Company fraud in which Robert Allen Stanford, chairman of Stanford International Bank (SIB), was involved in a Ponzi scheme. Stanford was convicted of orchestrating a 20-year investment fraud scheme in which he misappropriated $7 billion form SIB to finance his personal businesses. The Stanford Financial Group claimed to have pulled in retail, wealthy and commercial investors from 136 countries on six continents. Lopez and Kuhrt was aware of what Stanford ...
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...Final Paper: Case Study of WorldCom Financial Statement Fraud Introduction This paper will discuss the financial statement fraud committed by WorldCom by examining what led up to the fraud, who committed it and why, and the impact it caused on various stakeholders and the economy. WorldCom applied aggressive and undisclosed accounting tactics to provide financial statements that reflected a $10 billion profit for the years 2000 and 2001, rather than the actual combined loss of $73.7 billion that occurred (Romar, 2006). Opportunity, pressure, and rationalization were all present in this severe example of financial statement fraud which had a devastating impact on stakeholders globally. Basis for Understanding Financial Statement Fraud Prior to taking a deep dive into this specific example, it is important to first understand what constitutes financial statement fraud. Financial statement fraud can be defined as “deliberate misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures of financial statements to deceive financial statement users, particularly investors and creditors” (Wells, 2011, p. 299). Financial statement frauds can be broken down into five distinct categories: fictitious revenues, improper asset valuations, concealed liabilities and expenses, timing differences, and improper disclosures” (Wells, 2011, p. 292). The History of WorldCom “WorldCom began in Mississippi as a small provider of long distance telephone services” (Lyke, 2002). However, due to deregulation...
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...summarizes accounting fraud in the United States. I explain why each aspect of communication skills and report writing is vital to an accountant’s professional career. | Table of Contents I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 1 III. Review of Literature 1 IV. Analysis 1 V. Recommendations 1 VI. Summary and Conclusions 1 VII. Appendix x 1 VIII. References 1 I. Executive Summary Accounting fraud is the deliberate manipulation of accounting records in order to make an organization's financial performance or condition seem better than it actually is. There are many examples of accounting fraud. * Merging short and long term debt into one amount for improving the perceived liquidity of the organization or a company. * Failing to disclose the risky investments or creative accounting practices. * Over-recording the sales revenue. * Under-recording expenses i.e. depreciation of expenses. From Enron, WorldCom and HealthSouth, it appears that accounting fraud is a major problem that is increasing in frequency and severity. research evidence has shown that a growing number of frauds have undermined the integrity of financial reports, contributed to substantial economic loses, and destroyed investors' confidence regarding the reliability of financial statements. The increasing rate of white-collar crimes demands stiff penalties and strong punishments. II. Introduction New laws and guidelines have helped reduce, but not eliminate fraud. Enron, WorldCom...
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...market. The economy is at all-time low so the government is scrutinizing and penalizing businesses for inappropriate accounting scandals. Recent incidents of fraud have been noted in the media weekly. The new field of accountants has companies like Enron, Tyco, and WorldCom to thank for their new demand. The employees of these companies have plot, planned and manipulated the system. They have used schemes like the Ponzi schemes, embezzlement, false advertising, and Spanish prisoners. Fraud Investigators go beyond just criminal charges in court they are also used in family court. They use their skills when couples are getting a divorce; martial fraud is used when spouses don’t show all their assets. (Marden and Darner, 2006) The mystic new field forensic accountants are called in to investigate businesses for white collar crimes. Forensic accountant’s job is to investigate business fraud, incorrect financial reporting, and illegal investment schemes. Professionals interested in obtaining a job in forensic accounting have to process the following skills: Effective written/oral communication skills, strategic critical thinking, financial knowledge and background, and leadership skills, professional and ethical behavior. (Wells. 2003) It is important that professionals have these skills in order to meet the growing number of fraud cases in business. They must be well trained in the rules of evidence, financial data, Accounting Information System (AIS) software, as well as be able to...
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...Submission of Research paper as a part of curricular activity. Forensic Accounting: A new dynamic approach to investigate fraud. SUBMITTED BY: Aniket Desai (12BBL016) Alakananda Duggirala (12BBL016) Rut Shah (12BBL051) SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Pranav Saraswat For the academic session July to December 2014 1 PREFACE This research project is carried out as a part of curricular activity for the course of Financial Audit, in semester V for the programme B.com LLB (Hons.). We have tried our best to do justice with the project and put it in black and white the research we've done in the last three months. Regards, Aniket Desai Alakananda Duggirala Rut Shah Date: 2th November, 2014 _______________________________ Signature of the researchers. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We owe a debt of gratitude to Dr (Mr.) Pranav Saraswat, the faculty for the course of Financial Audit, for his constant guidance and support which helped us to conceive this research project. It is also my duty to record my thankfulness to Dr. Atul Bhatt, the librarian of the Institute of law, Nirma University for keeping handy useful resources which helped me collect information and datas which was very important for my doctrinal research work. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my friends and colleagues for the support whenever required. Regards, Aniket Desai Alakananda Duggirala Rut Shah 3 DECLARATION We hereby declare that this piece of written work...
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...| Accidents caused by human carelessness, failure to follow established procedures, and poorly trained or supervised personnel, innocent errors or omissions, lost, erroneous, destroyed, or misplaced data, logic errors, systems that do not meet company needs or are incapable of handling tasks. MOST LOSSES OCCUR HERE! | Sabotage, which is destroying a system, computer fraud, misappropriation of assets, financial statement fraud, corruption. Deliberate destruction to harm a system. (Cookie: data website store on your computer that identify the site & you do not have to log on each time you visit the site) | * The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) 2014 Survey Results Show: * 5% of revenues are lost to fraud (≈ >$3.7 trillion lost globally) * Median loss: $145,000 (22% of cases involved with losses > $1,000,000) * Most frauds are fairly small in scope * Median fraud scheme lasts about 18 months * What is Fraud? * Gaining an unfair advantage over another person. All five of the following elements must be present for it to be legally considered fraud: 1. A false statement, representation, or disclosure. 2. A material fact that induces a person to act (influences the decision process). 3. An intent to deceive (not accidental). 4. A justifiable reliance; that is, the person relies on the misrepresentation to take an...
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...While one may expect that companies and their employees will always seek to do the right thing they should consider the fact that corporate fraud is something that has always and will always exist. However, the level and complexity of fraud has grown and reached a critical level prior to the passage of the Sarbanes Oxley Act in 2002 as a result of several financial accounting scandals that had taken place. Companies and their directors had instituted practices that did not encourage employees to take an ethical approach to accounting or business practices resulting in large companies like Enron failing and their CEOs being held criminally liable for falsifying financial reports. During this time the public had become painfully aware that companies were acting in their own interest at the behest of their investors. As companies started to fold when accounting scandals were uncovered investors, many of who were employees, found their stock worthless as the companies faced bankruptcy and criminal investigations. The result was a public that was afraid to invest and didn’t want to take a chance that their investment dollars would be squandered leaving them with nothing. Congress felt it was time to do something and that culminated with the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which was designed to protect the public from fraudulent corporations. Prior to the introduction of Sarbanes Oxley there were audits in place but in many cases there were conflicts of interest...
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...Memorandum: of Fraud Examination TO: Mr. Robert Moritz, U.S. Chairman and Senior Partner, PwC FROM: Bilen Kebede, Lead Forensic Accountant DATE: MAY 31, 2015 SUBJECT: Icon Telecom Lifeline Fraud Lifeline Fraud Executive Summary Using the Lifeline fraud case as an example, this memo will analyze the case and prevent future fraud by similar telecommunication companies. Suggested recommendations include a proactive fraud auditing, a whistle-blowing system, and employee assistance programs (EAPs). Facts of The Case and Charges In 2014, both Icon Telecom and Wes Yui Chew, who was the sole owner of the company, were convicted of making false statements and money laundering for around $27 million from cell phone subscribers and the US government. Beginning in 2005, Lifeline provided subsidies to participating telephone companies not only for landline service, but also for wireless service for qualifying low-income customers (U.S. Attorney’s Office, 2015). Nonetheless, Icon took advantage of the subsidy program to be reimbursed for more than it merited. Icon Telecom provided Lifeline discounts to subscribers from July 2011 through September 2013. In this short period of time, the organization misappropriated a large amount of the funds available. At the start of the business, the company stated that they had 2,200 Lifeline subscribers. By the end of 2012, Icon was claiming more than 135,364 subscribers. This dramatic increase in the number of subscribers went...
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...A Project Report On “Forensic Accounting And Auditing” Submitted By Durvesh S. Naik Roll No: - 6025 MCOM PART-II (Advanced Accountancy) 2014-15 MULUND COLLEGE OF COMMERCE SAROJINI NAIDU ROAD, MULUND (W.) MUMBAI-80 SUBMITTED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-15 DECLARATION I Durvesh Naik student of Mulund College of Commerce, S. N. Road, Mulund (W.) Mumbai – 80 of Mcom Part II (Advanced Accounting) Seat no: - 6025, hereby declare that I have completed the project on the title “Forensic Accounting and Auditing” during the academic year 2014-15. The information submitted is true and best of my knowledge and belief. Date of submission: - Signature Place:- Parle Tilak Vidyalaya Association's MULUND COLLEGE OF COMMERCE Sarojini Naidu Road, Mulund West, Mumbai 400080. Certificate This is to certify that Mr. __________________________________________________________ Of Mcom. Part II (Advanced Accountancy) Semester _______ has undertaken completed the project work titled _________________________ ______________________________ during the academic year __________ under the guidance of Prof. ______________________________________. Submitted on _________________ to this college on the fulfillment of the curriculum of Mcom (Advanced Accountancy) University of Mumbai. This is a bonafide project work & the information presented is true/ and original to the best of our knowledge...
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...Anatomy of computer accounting frauds A. Seetharaman, M. Senthilvelmurugan and Rajan Periyanayagam Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Malaysia Keywords Fraud, Corruption, Financial reporting, Whistleblowing, Internal control, Corporate governance Abstract This paper introduces fraud as asset misappropriations (85 per cent of cases), corruption and fraudulent statements. Symptoms include accounting anomalies, lack of internal control environment, lifestyle and behaviour. The most effective tools for fraud detection are internal audit review, specific investigation by management, and whistle-blowing. The paper details the fraud investigation process and the role of auditors as fraud examiners. The correlation of fraud perpetrators’ personality with the size of losses is examined. Personality is analysed into age, gender, position, educational background and collusion. A strong system of internal control is most effective in fraud prevention. Fraud prevention procedures, targeted goals and improvements to system weaknesses feature in the paper. Fraud impacts on accounting transactions in accounts receivable, receipts and disbursements, accounts payable, inventories and fixed assets, and financial reporting. The monetary impact resulting from fraud is analysed by the type of victim and the amount of loss. Internal control and good employment practices prevent fraud and mitigate loss. Computer accounting frauds 1055 Introduction Accounting fraud involves an intentional action...
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...was EVP and a board member along with James Rigas (son) (USA Today, 2004). Together they owned the majority of Adelphia's stock and occupied the majority of the seats on the board. These two components would be key in the fraud that would ensue. The personal lives of the Rigas’ would be the root cause of their need for cash and the reason behind the fraud they would commit (USA Today, 2004). The Scandal The government described it as ''one of the most extensive financial frauds ever to take place at a public company" (Sorkin, 2004). The Rigas' used company money to construct a private golf course, own several private jets, and purchase multiple several luxury homes. They were able to do this by establishing "complicated cash-management systems to spread money around to various family-owned entities and as a cover for stealing about $100 million for themselves" (AP, 2005). In order to keep investment money flowing in, they would manipulate the books to meet analyst expectations, thus inflating the stock price and at times they would mix Adelphia's funds with their own private funds. Upon realizing the amount of funds that had been taken, Tim Rigas "limited" the amount of money his father could take to $1,000,000 per month. One example of the fraud they committed was they disguised Adelphia's actual expenses for digital decoder boxes. In 2001 the company claimed that it sold 525,000 boxes for $101 Adelphia million to an unaudited Rigas-owned company that has no cable...
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