...Zakaat al-Fitr Praise be to Allaah. Definition Zakaat al-Fitr is a kind of charity (sadaqah) that is obligatory at the time of breaking the fast of Ramadaan. The word zakaat is connected by idaafah (genitive structure in Arabic grammar) to fitr because the occasion of breaking the fast is the reason why this zakaat becomes obligatory. Reasons for zakaat al-fitr and what Islam says about it Ibn ‘Abbaas said: “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made zakaat al-fitr obligatory as a means of purifying the fasting person from idle talk and foul language, and to feed the poor. Whoever pays it before the prayer, it is an accepted zakaat, and whoever pays it after the prayer, it is just a kind of charity (sadaqah).” (Reported by Abu Dawood, 1371. Al-Nawawi said: Abu Dawood reported it from Ibn ‘Abbaas with a hasan isnaad). “Purifying” means purifying the soul of the one who has fasted Ramadaan. With regard to the word “foul language”, Ibn al-Atheer said: “ ‘Foul language’ refers to obscene speech. ‘Feeding [the poor]’ refers to food that is edible. ‘Whoever pays it before the prayer’ means before Salaat al-‘Eid. ‘It is an accepted zakaat’ – here zakaat means sadaqat al-fitr. ‘Just a kind of charity’ means a kind of charity that could be given at any time.” (‘Awn al-Ma’bood Sharh Abi Dawood). It was said that this is what was meant by the aayah in Soorat al-A’laa (interpretation of the meaning): “But those will prosper who purify themselves...
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... [pic] For each of the eight possible strings of length 3, determine the set of possible states when the string has been processed. Note: Don't forget to use Λ. 2. For the following nondeterministic finite state automaton: Build a deterministic finite state automaton that accepts the same strings. Show the tree construction and label the states of the deterministic finite state automaton, using the convention to label the states as used in Week-by-Week section 3.1.7.3. [pic] 3. For each of the next 10 words, decide which of the following six machines accept the given word. (ι) Λ (ii) a (iii) b (iv)aa (v) ab (vi)aba (vii) abba (viii) bab (ix)baab (x) abbb [pic] 4. How many different TGs are there over the alphabet {a b}? Explain your answer. 5. Build a TG that accepts the language L1 of all words that begin and end with the same double letter, either of the form ee . . . ff or ff . . . rr. Note: eee and fff are not words in this language. That is, the beginning and ending double words cannot overlap. Therefore, ee and ff are also not in this language. 6. Let the language L be accepted by the transition graph T and let L not contain the word Λ. Show how to build a new TG that accepts exactly all the words in L and the word Λ. This problem refers to a transition graph in general, not one specific transition graph. Making the start state also an accepting state...
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...Data Mining Prepared by: Kirsten Sullivan Strayer University CIS 500 Dr. Baab September 9, 2012 Data mining is a concept that companies use to gain new customers or clients in an effort to make their business and profits grow. The ability to use data mining can result in the accrual of new customers by taking the new information and advertising to customers who are either not currently utilizing the business's product or also in winning additional customers that may be purchasing from the competitor. Generally, data are any “facts, numbers, or text that can be processed by a computer.”1 Today, organizations are accumulating vast and growing amounts of data in different formats and different databases. This includes operational or transactional data such as, sales, cost, inventory, payroll, and accounting. Data mining also known as “knowledge discovery”, is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information- information that can then be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, and continue the goals outlined for the company. Data mining consists of five major elements: “Extract, transform, and load transaction data onto the data warehouse system, store and manage the data in a multidimensional database system, provide data access to business analysts and information technology professionals, analyze the data by application software, present the data in a useful format, such as a graph or table.”2...
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...First of all, let me tell you that the justice of Allah Almighty is perfect justice; it does not allow for any kind of partisanship towards the male to the detriment of the female. The Qur'an makes this perfectly clear. *{If any do deeds of righteousness,— be they male or female — and have faith, they will enter Heaven, and not the least injustice will be done to them}* (An-Nisaa' 4:124) To put my answer in a framework, I find it necessary to make the following distinctions, especially in the area of women in Islam. There is a difference between: 1. A ‘popular’ narration and an ‘authentic’ narration. 2. ‘Islam’ and ‘Muslims.’ 3. Islamic ‘Shari’ah’ and Islamic ‘madhahib.’ 4. The ‘Scriptures’ and the ‘interpretation of the Scriptures.’ First, there are popular narrations that say that ‘most occupiers of hell are women,’ ‘women are deficient in mind and faith,’ ‘women are crooked,’ ‘your bad omen is in your woman,’ and so on. I can tell you with confidence that all these narration are un-authentic (or ‘weak’), whoever the narrator is and wherever they are narrated and written. Without getting ourselves in much debate and discussing who ‘out-narrates’ who, the reason behind the rejection of such narrations is that they are at odds with the Quran. Let me take one of these narrations and assess its authenticity, as an example. According to Bukhari, Abu Hurairah, narrated: ‘Your bad omen is in your woman, your animal, and your house.’ However, Bukhari also...
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...[pic] Program: CS) Submitted by: Bachelor of Science in Computer Sciences (BS Muhammed Ahmed Ishtiaq Section: A Submitted to: Miss Ayesha Khalid Registration no: BCS01103118 Date: Jan, 12, 2012 GROUP NUMBER: 5 1 The Group Members are: ¬ Naqash Azeem Reg. no. bcs01103158 ¬ Muhammed Ahmed Ishtiaq Reg. no. bcs01103118 ¬ Muhammed Raza Reg. no. bcs01103153 ¬ Bilawal Jehangir Reg. no. bcs01103071 ¬ Muhammed Arslan Akram Reg. no. bcs01103181 ¬ Muhammed Iqbal Reg. no. bcs01103100 ¬ Syed Ali Farhan Tirmzi Reg. no. bcs01103093 2 3 ABSTRACT It is an undeniable truth that each and every thing which has come in to existence will come to an end. There is a spring after an autumn and autumn have to face spring after it. The three Abrahamic religions (Islam, Christianity & Judaism) are agreed on the same fact that one day the earth will meet to its end. Even many non-Abrahamic religions and...
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...call kuffaar to Islam by means of religious songs (nasheeds) accompanied by musical instruments When we want to attract Christians to Islam, is it permissible to use religious songs accompanied by music? Is it permissible to have a group called a religious group because they sing religious songs accompanied by musical instruments? Praise be to Allaah. In my opinion there is no need to attract people in this manner; you should use permissible means such as listening to Qur’aan with proper tajweed and tarteel (correct recitation) and listening to eloquent ahaadeeth which move the listener, and beneficial, moving poems (qaseedahs) and nasheeds. You can also provide clear proof of what is good about Islam and explain its teachings and noble aims which will demonstrate that it is the religion that befits the natural inclinations of man (deen al-fitrah) and encompasses all the interests of mankind. Whoever can only be attracted by things that include forbidden elements such as singing, instruments and music is no good and I do not think that he can be attracted to Islam at all. And Allaah knows best. From al-Lu’lu’ al-Makeen min Fataawaa Ibn Jibreen, p. 28 Organizing singing parties and soirees In some cities and regions it is very common to people to organize singing parties and soirees where they listen to songs and trilling songs or verses from the local area and elsewhere, or to stage series of plays in some literary clubs, to which they invite singers and actors...
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...CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TENTH EDITION This page intentionally left blank CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TENTH EDITION R O B E RT W. S EB ES TA University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia Horton Editor in Chief: Michael Hirsch Executive Editor: Matt Goldstein Editorial Assistant: Chelsea Kharakozova Vice President Marketing: Patrice Jones Marketing Manager: Yez Alayan Marketing Coordinator: Kathryn Ferranti Marketing Assistant: Emma Snider Vice President and Director of Production: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager: Marilyn Lloyd Manufacturing Manager: Nick Sklitsis Operations Specialist: Lisa McDowell Cover Designer: Anthony Gemmellaro Text Designer: Gillian Hall Cover Image: Mountain near Pisac, Peru; Photo by author Media Editor: Dan Sandin Full-Service Vendor: Laserwords Project Management: Gillian Hall Printer/Binder: Courier Westford Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color This book was composed in InDesign. Basal font is Janson Text. Display font is ITC Franklin Gothic. Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States...
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...CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TENTH EDITION This page intentionally left blank CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TENTH EDITION R OB E RT W. S EB ES TA University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia Horton Editor in Chief: Michael Hirsch Executive Editor: Matt Goldstein Editorial Assistant: Chelsea Kharakozova Vice President Marketing: Patrice Jones Marketing Manager: Yez Alayan Marketing Coordinator: Kathryn Ferranti Marketing Assistant: Emma Snider Vice President and Director of Production: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager: Marilyn Lloyd Manufacturing Manager: Nick Sklitsis Operations Specialist: Lisa McDowell Cover Designer: Anthony Gemmellaro Text Designer: Gillian Hall Cover Image: Mountain near Pisac, Peru; Photo by author Media Editor: Dan Sandin Full-Service Vendor: Laserwords Project Management: Gillian Hall Printer/Binder: Courier Westford Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color This book was composed in InDesign. Basal font is Janson Text. Display font is ITC Franklin Gothic. Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Manufactured...
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