...Baby Theresa The case of Baby Theresa became a worldwide controversy that made several minds scramble on making the right decision. Baby Theresa was an anencephalic infant with no chance of survival. Her parents volunteered her organs for transplant to save other children, yet by the time she died, her organs were too deteriorated to be transplanted. Several question arose when this scenario came into questions for the Florida Law officials. South Florida ruled that Theresa's vital organs could not be transplanted until all brain activity - including any function of her brain stem, which controls respiratory and heartbeat - had ceased. Vital questions/concerns were raised on if the right decision was made and if the law was upheld. In one way I believe doctors should have allowed the transplant of Baby Theresa's organs because they could have benefited other children and this would not have harmed Baby Theresa, who had no conscious life anyway. On the other hand, it is always wrong to use one person as a means to somebody's else's ends, that it would have been wrong to violate Baby Theresa's autonomy. But Baby Theresa had no capability of autonomy and her parents were her decision maker. Yet the law makes rules in order to abide certain circumstances like these. Therefore if the law were to bend the rule for this situation then the law would not be upholding their status and would have to give everyone an exemption. Several statements can be made and inferred with assumption...
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...Summary In the article “Breastfeeding, brain activation to own infant cry, and maternal sensitivity,” the psychologists are addressing the chemical response from the mother's brain when she hears her infant crying compared to her hearing another infant crying. They investigated the associations between breastfeeding, how the mother automatically responds to their own infant crying, and how bonded they are to their infant after giving birth. For this study they had seventeen biological mothers with full-term, healthy infants from postpartum hospital rooms at the Yale-New Haven Hospital. The mothers had brain scans data done between two and four weeks after giving birth. Then, data done on the relationship between mother and child was done between three and four months after birth during a home visit. Psychologists videotaped a mother and infant for five minutes and asked the mother to interact with her infant in a natural way. The results of this study showed that at two to four weeks after birth, neither group of mothers rated the two types of cries differently. However, the brain responses to own baby cry at two to four weeks postpartum revealed that breastfeeding mothers showed a greater hormonal response in several brain regions compared to formula- feeding mothers. In contrast, no brain areas were found to show greater hormonal activation among the formula-feeding mothers in response to own baby cry. At three to four months after birth, breastfeeding mothers have a stronger...
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... A. fetal B. zygote C. embryonic D. neonatal ANS: C 3. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)? A. It is caused by heavy drinking on the father’s part prior to conception. B. Most FAS babies have below average intelligence. C. FAS babies are physically the same as non-FAS babies. D. While there are some external symptoms of FAS, internally FAS children are normal. ANS: B 4. Which of the following reactions is not present in newborns? A. stepping reflex B. sucking C. fear of heights D. startle reflex ANS: C 5. One way to gauge an infant’s interest in a stimulus is to see when responsiveness decreases, also called A. habituation. B. regression. C. deactivation. D. response repression. ANS: A 6. Which of the following is an accurate description of brain development during early childhood and infancy? A. The brain’s neurons have fully developed synaptic connections at birth. B. A baby’s neurons are as fully myelinated as an adult’s neurons. C. The overall size of the brain dramatically increases from age four to six. D. The amount of brain material in a region of the brain can nearly double in four year olds. ANS: D 7. The first stage of...
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...people to another within space and time. Attachment is a strong emotional and social bond of trust between the child and parents. That is very important for social and emotional development. In childhood, particular the first couple of years of life, attachment relationships help the immature brain use the mature functions of the parent’s brain to develop important capacities related to interpersonal functioning. The baby’s bond with their attachment caregiver. Offer experience-dependent neural avenue to develop. Particularly in the frontal lobes where the capacities are wire into the developing brain. Attachment Theory devised by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth to account for the impact of early separation and trauma on the child. Has revolutionized our views of development, psychopathology, and clinical work. Is the most prominent theory today regarding early socio-emotional development. The empirically based and support the research. The child is highly motivated beginning birth to form and maintain attachments to a few caregivers. Healthy attachments have successful survival value. Children will do whatever is necessary to maintain their attachments and to achieve security. The baby uses the attachment figure as a secure base. Mary Ainsworth did her study on infant’s attachment. Ainsworth was particularly interested in the individual differences. She carried out naturalistic observation in Uganda. Securely attached infants elicited,...
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...1) What was the main point of Our Babies Ourselves? Facing new parents with decisions to make about the best way to care for their children, and of course they often resort to instruct it to friends and family members who have already raised their children to think a combination of information parenting process and scientific analysis. Why we raise our children in the way we do - and point to look at the views of the traditional culture in the upbringing of children. And reveals anthropologist Meredith Small prominent in the new science of medicine Results ethnic children. He joins physicians young children professor, researchers and child development, and anthropologists across the country who are studying to what extent the way in which its headquarters infant mother Biological our needs, and to what extent is based on the culture - and how sometimes dictated culturally may not be what is best for babies....
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...Maple Syrup Urine Disorder AaSHAE Singletary Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), a potentially life threatening and rare disorder, affects 1 in every 180,000 babies born annually. Caused by the inability to metabolize the amino acids leucine (leu), isoleucine, and valine in protein, the disease produces a maple syrup smell in the urine of diagnosed persons; thus, earning its name. (The smell is produced due to the build up of these chemicals in the blood) First discovered in 1954, by John Menkes, this recessive trait is produced by a gene defect passed down through various families. It consists of a classic form and several less common forms each varying in its strength and features. Although they differ, all forms of the disorder can be caused by mutations in any of the 6 genes used to build the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDHA) of Chromosome 19. Babies with MSUD often appear normal at birth but within 3-4 days can display other symptoms such as food avoidance, vomiting and fussiness. If left untreated, seizures occur and the baby will naturally slip into a coma shortly ending in death. Treatment of this disorder is managed by a strict diet free of the three harmful amino acids discussed earlier and must be performed early enough to avoid brain damage. Baby formula with these restrictions are available but as the child grows into adolescence, they must always monitor their diets, especially paying attention to avoidance of high proteins such as...
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...they often times do not focus on the aging brain, but rather on the aging body. Along with the many stages of life, comes the many stages of the brain. The aging brain is a very intricate process that happens to all. The process of the aging brain has many different stages. The infant, adolescent, and adult stages are a much simpler explanation of each. Development of the brain begins in the back and finishes in the front. Each stage has its own unique characteristics that set them apart from one another. During each stage, the brain goes through changes that affect the outcome of ones later life. That is why taking all the proper precautions to a live a healthy life, is vital in order to having a healthy brain as one’s future...
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...census. I was assigned to a nurse who had the most severe and critical case on the unit. This was a full term baby, 40 weeks and 1 day. Though the charting from the hospital where he was born was not completely clear, it is said that the fetus was experiencing bradycardia for 17 minutes at 50bpm. This otherwise known low-risk pregnancy quickly turned into a STAT C-section. When the baby was delivered its ABGAR scores were 0, 0, and 3. The baby was intubated, put on a cardiac and brain monitor, and rushed to the Dartmouth NICU. An umbilical line and a venous line were all drawn to gain access to the circulation to hydrate and nourish. An arterial line was drawn because frequent blood gases were needed. As you can imagine, like I had, this baby looked like an experimental nursing tool. When I first saw him he looked as though he was fake. He had lines and tubes going in and coming out of every possible place on the body. He was hooked up to the EEG monitor to record his brain waves because it had been showing signs of abscence seizures. The baby had no swallowing reflex so frequent suctioning was crucial. When I arrived I was told that the baby would be going down to get an MRI to determine if in fact there was little to no brain activity. The results of the MRI would help develop a prognosis for the baby. Doctors had mentioned to the parents at the time of birth that this baby was seriously deprived of oxygen and the outcome did not look great. By the end of the shift I had met the...
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...infants and the goals of reducing babies’ hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The study researches the adjunct therapy for treatment of NAS. The study will be broken down into the following units: protection of human participants, type of data collection utilized in the study, data management and analysis, findings and interpretation of these findings and finally the conclusion of the study and its findings. Protection of Human Participants This study’s goal is to differentiate the efficacy of clonidine versus phenobarbital in adjunct therapy with morphine sulfate in the treatment of NAS. One of the benefits of this study is the importance of standardization of a weaning protocol. The weaning protocol did not change from day to day and provider to provider as can be the case outside of the study. Another benefit is the predefined measures for each study group that were considered adverse events. These measures worked as a safety net to ensure the study was done safely and not causing harm to the babies. One noted concern/risk noted by the author was the potential for prolonged exposure to phenobarbital on a baby’s developing brain. The concern is the phenobarbital may cause behavioral compromises in the babies in the future. Informed consent was obtained from parents or the legal guardians of the babies after the babies had been identified as at risk for NAS (Surran, et al 2013). The parents or legal guardians entered the babies into the study voluntarily....
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...Exploding across the region: On Dec 1, the World Health Organization cited the laboratory proof linking Zika to microcephalus in an consultative to its member countries. it'll think about on Tuesday whether or not to declare a global emergency. The United Nations agency aforementioned in Geneva on Thursday that Zika within the previous few months has unfold "explosively" to over twenty different countries within the Americas and will infect as several as four million folks. Whether the health authorities in Brazil and also the leadership at the WHO have taken too long to urge to the current purpose may be a subject of discussion among the international health community. The Brazilian government says its response once it had been 1st alerted by the doctors regarding the weird symptoms they were seeing was driven by the proof. “It was too early," told Claudio Maierovitch, director of the health ministry's Dept of malady investigation. "There were such a lot of different infectious prospects and Zika had ne'er been seen during this half of a sphere." And the person told that once Zika was known, the authorities’ response was supported information of the malady. Previous outbreaks of Zika, an epidemic 1st known in 1947 in Republic of Uganda, had occurred in little and scattered rural populations in Africa and Southeast Asia and also the symptoms were relatively kind. "We based mostly our response on the knowledge base obtainable, that Zika caused a gentle unwellness...
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...February 25, 2016 Are there cognitive benefits for young children in watching baby media? Introduction We live in the period when TV, online videos are used for many different purposes. Various video programs can provide educational purposes, accelerating and facilitating the processes of learning, different movies and TV shows can perform the function of entertainment. And although some video-reportages, films can carry the aggression, violence, etc. in general TV media themselves are not something positive or negative. Whether TV brings benefits or harm to the individual, as I believe, depends more on how the individual will use what television media offers to him/her. In the modern time, not only adults watch different media, but young children are also exposed to watching different TV programs, cartoons, educational movies etc. Parents of young children can use baby media to calm a child, as a safe replacement for other activities, as the background, to distract the attention of the child, etc. Some parents also tend to believe that watching television programs by children is a necessary element of a normal development of a child. However, these assumptions are often baseless and not supported by any facts (Brown, 2011). In early childhood, there is some invisible but intensive development in the brain. The brain of a 5-year-old child in size is almost the same as that of an adult. Brain structures in early childhood are plastic and flexible. A child after one`s birth...
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...affordable, comforting, available to everyone and a valuable asset, the majority of people, on the other hand, unfortunately do not use this resource in a beneficial way. With this in mind, watching too much television is bad because it affects people’s health, prevents from having a fulfilling life, and distorts the perception of reality. The primary motive why people should obtain from spending excessive time in front of the television is because it takes away from other beneficial activities and negatively affects people’s health. The time, wasted in front of a TV, should be directed towards something more constructive and positive. Furthermore, watching too much TV, is a risk factor for weight gain and ultimately obesity. In a new analysis published this week in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers combined data from eight such studies and found that, for every additional two hours, people spend glued to the tube on a typical day, their risk of...
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...Chapter Overview 12.1 The Beginnings of Development What Is Development? Prenatal Development The Newborn CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.1 Before and Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Challenges to Piaget’s Stage Theory Social Development The Power of Touch Attachment Theory Disruption of Attachment Family Relationships Peers After Birth 12.2 Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development Piaget’s Stage Theory Sensorimotor Stage CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.2 Stages of Cognitive Development 12 Learning Objectives Development Throughout the Life Span 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Describe the development of the field and explain the prenatal and newborn stages of human development. Discuss physical development in infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and...
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...Introduction Most of the time, physical abuse is not recognize by peoples as a serious problem. Physical abuse occurs when someone physically hurts you, such as by hitting you or throwing something at you. Even if someone only hits you once or doesn't hurt you that badly, it is a big deal. It may be not so serious because it seems they’re not badly hurt, but what the people doesn’t know is they are causing harm, a serious harm to that people they hurt physically.Abuse tends to escalate, putting you at greater risk in the future. Just one incident of being physically hurt by anyone is unacceptable, and you should take steps to stop the abuse. They cause harm in the sense that that even small hurting can cause hidden scars, Hidden scars which are formed by the emotional and psychological wounds. This Hidden scars is manifested by almost all of the people specifically during their teenage years. All parents want a disciplined and well behaved child. However, there are times when a parent loses control or simply has no control over their child. This is when simple parenting crosses the line and becomes emotional abuse. Emotional abuse is elusive. Unlike physical abuse, the people doing it and receiving it may not even know it is happening. It can be more harmful than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves. It can cripple all we are meant to be as we allow something untrue to define us. Emotional abuse can happen between parent and child, husband...
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...Going Out for a Walk by Max Beerbohm. This short, humorous essay criticizes the idea of going out for a walk. Beerbohm writes this essay to appeal to readers about a common dislike. The message of the essay is rather simple and starts out with Beerbohm regretting about the good, old days in a baby carriage. Beerbohm then introduces his thesis of disliking walks and gives excuses of how to avoid going on a walk such as writing letters or reading a book. He also describes how giving excuses can be unsatisfactory. He claims walking stops the brain and recounts a story when he and an intellectual friend were going on a walk. Beerbohm explains that walking made his smart friend so mindless that he walked to private property without thought. Later in the passage, Beerbohm gives an example of how the soul and the brain are involved in walking by presenting humorous dialogue between the personified soul and brain. “I take it that not by his reasoning faculties is man urged to this enterprise. He is urged, evidently, by something in him that transcends reason; by his soul, I presume. Yes, it must be the soul that raps out the “Quick march!” to the body. –“Halt! Stand at ease!” interposes the brain, and “To what destination,” it suavely asks the soul, “and on what errand, are you sending the body?”- “On no errand whatsoever,” the soul makes answer, “and to no destination at all. It is just like you to be always on the look-out for some subtle ulterior motive. The body is going out because...
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