...form of surrogacy contracts. In this paper, I will be address the legal and ethical issues involved and other aspects of surrogacy. History of Surrogacy and Case Study Surrogacy was assumed to have been around since the Babylonian times. Alternatively, the most credible records to date allocate managing legal passivity and the public responses during the middle of the 20th century. Surrogacy did not become public in 1976, when Attorney Noel Keane negotiated the first ever surrogacy agreement ("History of surrogacy," 2011). Attorney Noel Keane and Dr. Ringold created the first ever fertility clinic (surrogacy clinic) in the United States. Many laws and regulations were not implemented until the case of Elizabeth Kane and the case of Baby M. Elizabeth Kane was the first woman to enter into a compensated surrogacy agreement in 1980. She was to be compensated with $10,000. She, however, was unwilling to leave the surrogacy...
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...[pic] ELC 093 : TERM PAPER “SURROGACY SHOULD BE PROHIBITED WORLDWIDE” MAIZATUL AQIDAH BINTI SABARUDDIN (2015838224) SITI NAJIHAH BINTI MOHAMED HUZAINI (2015858408) LECTURER’S NAME : SIR AHMAD KHAIRULHAZIQ SURROGACY SHOULD BE PROHIBITED WORLDWIDE According to Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 Chapter 49, the “surrogate mother” which means a woman who carries a child in pursuance of an agreement can either contribute her genetic material as well as her womb, her uterus, or she can contribute her uterus . There are two main types of surrogacy , gestational surrogacy and traditional surrogacy . Additionally, if the surrogate mother receives compensation beyond the reimbursement of medical and other reasonable expenses, the arrangement is called commercial surrogacy. There are three parties who use surrogacy, mothers who have other issues with their bodies that inhibit infertility, homosexuals and parents who are infertile . Surrogate parenting is highly controversial by its very nature. Nevertheless, surrogate parenting is attracting wide spread attention as a viable alternative for infertile couples intent on having a child. Thus, surrogacy should be prohibited worldwide to prevent from exploitation of women, a form of child trafficking, violates the relationships between families and surrogates face difficult emotional and psychological issues . However, there are cases that support surrogacy. Sam Everingham is the founder of Surrogacy Australia and...
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...The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy POSC 450.001 Senior Seminar October 24, 2009 The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy Introduction “A surrogate mother feels like a flesh covered test tube during the entire experience. As the fetus grows the women is depersonalized and she become fragmented from the whole person –merely a vehicle for breeding babies.” There is a huge controversy of whether surrogate motherhood should be legal. This controversy has started huge debates worldwide. It has brought attention to doctors, sociologists, feminists, historians, and people of different cultures, races, classes and religions. The major overwhelming arguments is that the act of surrogacy should be illegal. The issues and objections surrounding the surrogate motherhood is that it is considered baby selling, finding the legality of its contracts, and the class of people, whether they are rich or poor. The other concerns are the traditional rights of the birth mothers, the psychological impact of these children who are born under these contracts. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and analyze the controversy of a surrogate mother. The paper will find the reasons of why women want to become surrogate mothers. This paper will examine the different viewpoints that have been in conflict for many years. The paper will reveal how some women chose to become surrogate mothers just for the money and that some do it because they want to help couples who...
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...form of surrogacy contracts. In this paper, I will be address the legal and ethical issues involved and other aspects of surrogacy. History of Surrogacy and Case Study Surrogacy was assumed to have been around since the Babylonian times. Alternatively, the most credible records to date allocate managing legal passivity and the public responses during the middle of the 20th century. Surrogacy did not become public in 1976, when Attorney Noel Keane negotiated the first ever surrogacy agreement ("History of surrogacy," 2011). Attorney Noel Keane and Dr. Ringold created the first ever fertility clinic (surrogacy clinic) in the United States. Many laws and regulations were not implemented until the case of Elizabeth Kane and the case of Baby M. Elizabeth Kane was the first woman to enter into a compensated surrogacy agreement in 1980. She was to be compensated with $10,000. She, however, was unwilling to leave the surrogacy...
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...Ethical and Legal Dilemmas of Surrogacy Christie Blackwell HCA 322 Dr. Nine Bell June 17, 2013 Ethical and Legal Dilemmas of Surrogacy Many individuals have a life plan consisting of college, marriage, and then children. After numerous methods of conception, many couples are still unable to conceive a child. A woman who enters into a contract with a couple, agreeing to carry and birth a child, then hand that child over to the contracted couple, who is often unable to conceive own their own naturally is considered surrogacy (Pozgar, 2012). Surrogacy raises many ethical and legal issues for all parties involved. Is it moral or immoral to enter into an agreement with a woman to birth a child for money? What are the legal rights of the woman conceiving or of the couple? Should the child be aware of the process in which he or she was born? Does the child have rights to access the confidential records of the process? These are a just a few questions that will be addressed throughout this paper. Discussed below is the history of surrogacy, the ethical and legal dilemmas that surround surrogacy, alternative solutions to surrogacy, and the potential effects and future implications of how surrogacy may be addressed. There are two types of surrogacy arrangements to consider. These types of surrogacy are genetic and gestational. Genetic or traditional surrogacy is where the surrogate mother contributes her genetic makeup to the offspring, whereas gestational surrogacy consists...
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...The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy The Surrogate Motherhood Controversy Introduction “A surrogate mother feels like a flesh covered test tube during the entire experience. As the fetus grows the women is depersonalized and she become fragmented from the whole person –merely a vehicle for breeding babies.” There is a huge controversy of whether surrogate motherhood should be legal. This controversy has started huge debates worldwide. It has brought attention to doctors, sociologists, feminists, historians, and people of different cultures, races, classes and religions. The major overwhelming arguments is that the act of surrogacy should be illegal. The issues and objections surrounding the surrogate motherhood is that it is considered baby selling, finding the legality of its contracts, and the class of people, whether they are rich or poor. The other concerns are the traditional rights of the birth mothers, the psychological impact of these children who are born under these contracts. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and analyze the controversy of a surrogate mother. The paper will find the reasons of why women want to become surrogate mothers. This paper will examine the different viewpoints that have been in conflict for many years. The paper will reveal how some women chose to become surrogate mothers just for the money and that some do it because they want to help couples who cannot produce children. This paper will also show...
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...impossible, but there are also risks and consequences that can occur during or after the process. Baby M became a renowned case as it was the first American court ruling on the validity of surrogacy. With the potential health implications of pregnancy, William and Elizabeth Stern entered a surrogacy agreement with...
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...PART 1 Company Allocation Ticker symbol | Company | | GICS Sector | GICS Sub Industry | Address of Headquarters | | BEN | Franklin Resources | | Financials | Diversified Financial Services | San Mateo, California | | FCX | Freeport-McMoran Cp & Gld | | Materials | Diversified Metals & Mining | Phoenix, Arizona | | The cost of capital of the aforementioned companies will be discussed in the following questions. The companies will be referred to by their Ticker Symbols henceforth. Question 1 BEN The book value of the company’s liabilities and equity can be deduced from a number of online sources. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (2013) provided the company filings data whereby BEN’s Form 10q, dated 29/07/2013, showed the following (included on page 2 of this report). The book value of long-term debt is $1,252.1 million, and the book value of equity is $10,402.3 million. The schedule of outstanding debt shows that this figure includes $54.5 million of FHLB advances and $1197.6 million of Senior Notes at various effective interest rates. The notes on Stockholders Equity and Non- Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests reveal that Franklin Resources Inc Stockholders Equity totals $9779.8 million whilst the Non- Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests (previously referred to as minority interests) totals $622.5 million. FCX The book value of the company’s liabilities and equity can be deduced from a number of online sources. The US Securities...
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...Caring for the Baby Boomer Population Thomas Watrucki Thomas Edison State College Mentor Tish Dorman December 7th, 2014 The “baby boomer” generation (those born from 1946-1964) are now our retirement-age elderly that we healthcare providers are challenged with caring for. The Population Reference Bureau estimates that there are 76.4 million baby boomers (as of April 2014). About 3 million baby boomers will hit retirement age every year for the next 20 years (Barr, 2014). Healthypeople.gov estimates that 60 percent of this population will be managing more than one chronic condition by 2030. The American Hospital Association notes that the over 65 population will nearly triple as a result of the aging Boomers. What this means for us healthcare providers is that our healthcare system will be challenged with caring for a significantly increased amount of elderly with chronic ailments that we are seeing now. This will increase healthcare costs as chronic disease management increases and transitions are made from private insurance carriers to Medicare. I interviewed a baccalaureate nurse who works on the geriatric medical surgical unit in my hospital and asked her to identify the special needs of the Baby Boomer Generation. She has been a nurse for 25 years and has worked on that unit for the past 12 years. Looking back on her experience and the current trends of problems she encounters with this generation, specifically with the lower income minority population that we work...
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...One of the most enchanting things children do is learning how to talk. In a few and short years, most if not all children transition from crying and gurgling to explaining in details what they want and don’t want. From a baby’s gibberish first words through to pre-schooler, elementary to middle school; detailed and defined conversations, early language development milestones are among the most momentous events in any caregivers or parent’s life. For most children learning how to talk may seem easy but for some it is a stage of struggle and difficulty. Children learn how to talk more easily and faster if the adults in their homes spend enough time talking to them. Other children find it more difficult to develop speech because they do not hear their parents talk much. All children have the ability to learn how to talk. Learning to talk is a natural habit, a natural gift inscribed deep within mankind’s genetic inheritance ( Bardies, De Bevoise 1999 ). In about the second year after conception or one year after being born, a child will utter his first words. The swiftness and skills with which many children master the art of speaking has always fascinated many adults. Before a child knows how to coordinate his hands to snap a toy, he will utmost have understood some if not all the sentences addressed to him by an adult. Before they even how to tie up or knot their shoelaces they will virtually have mastered the art of talking their language. This special ability of acquiring language...
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...Demographic Paper Pedreed Anjahal HCA 490 September 19, 2011 Michael Veal Demographic Paper DEMOGRAPHICS It is a proven fact. With all the advances in modern health care, people are living longer. As someone starts to get older, they start feeling the consequences of aging and strive to find a healthier life style. Still, there comes a point when many people require the professional need of long term health care services. As healthy as today’s population is, illness is usually comes as something unexpected. Upon such an eventuality, a person may require some type of specialized health care needs. POPULATION CONTROL With the Baby Boomer generation decides to retire or stops aging at a phenomenal rate, people requiring long term health care needs are on the rise still. People are living longer and their health care needs may be beyond that, which can be managed by family members. Fortunately, within the current health care field there is a wide variety of systems available for helping to take care of an elderly family member. It is even possible for the family to take the elderly person into his or her home. Alternatively, the family may have to decide to place the elderly member in a nursing home for long-term care. Whichever choice is deemed best, it is always critically important that the elderly person feels comfortable in the environment in which he or she is placed (Feder, Komisar & Niefeld, 2000). According to United States society census...
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...Tutorial One Case Study - Generation snap Continuance commitment is one dimension to organizational commitment, which refers to the economic reason for staying in an organization (Robbins et al. 2011). If the generational snap exists regarding this commitment, it is obviously that the Gen Y will have a high turnover rate comparing with other generations. As the case illustrates, Gen Y are well connected with the society, impatient for career success and possessing high technological skills. Thus, economic reasons cannot prevent them from leaving the organization when they intend to do so. While other generations may afraid that there are less opportunities for them to find another job with a satisfactory salary once they quit the job. Another possible difference is that the Gen Y seems to have more confidence than other generations. They are confident about the skill they had acquired and their ability to socialize. There are several strategies for improving the level of job satisfaction for generation Y employees. The first strategy is to approve. The Gen Y need to feel that their abilities have been confirmed and they are making a contribution to the company. People in other generations may have the mentality of “Let nature take its course”, but the Gen Y like to take the initiative and get things done depend on their strength. Thus, other people’s recognition is essential to a satisfactory job. The second strategy is to give response quickly. The generation Y are impatient...
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...the practice of appealing to the unique needs and behaviors of individuals within more than one specific generational group, with a generation being a group of individuals born and living about the same time [1]. This means that marketers need to understand the six U.S. generations: Pre-Depression Generation, Depression Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z. When a marketer factors in the different characteristics and behaviors of the generations, it should be easier to build relationships, gain trust, and close business. [2, 3] As such, an understanding of multigenerational marketing is very important to the marketer. The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly the U.S. generations in terms of the times in which they grew up as well as the characteristics, lifestyles, and attitudes of the group. However, the primary focus of the paper is to describe various marketing understandings and strategies appropriate to each generation’s characteristics and behaviors, particularly in terms of segmentation, products and services, and communication. Keywords: Multigenerational Marketing, Generations, Baby Boomers, Xers, Gen Y, Generation Z Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business Marketing to the Generations, Page 2 INTRODUCTION Not every generation is...
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...One of the largest industries to be facing a Human Resources issue is the Health Care industry. The downsizing of the healthcare workforce that will result as Baby Boomers retire is upwards of 28%. There is a growing need for qualified, non-generalized employees in the medical field. Coming with the need for employees for the medical positions will be a need for additional HR and IT personnel. The Healthcare field is constantly changing, and HR in this field is projected to fall behind in the coming future. One of the biggest concerns for in future HR trends is that the Baby Boomers are leaving the workforce. This is not an issue by itself, but when paired with the lack of skilled workers joining the field, it is a problem. While on the surface, the problem will effect the staffing; the problem could be more wide reaching and affect the cost and availability of healthcare to the general public. While this trend isn’t specific to healthcare, and all industries are facing challenges, issues arise when organizations, in particular those in the healthcare realm, have skilled senior people as opposed to generalists. Retaining experience is crucial and the current generation is not filling the positions vacated by aging Baby Boomers. These Boomers will soon stop putting into the Medicare and Social Security taxes, yet will begin to draw from them and that money is projected to run out in about 15 years. HR managers face the task of filling the open positions, and what seems to...
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...Breastfeeding is Best Shannon Kalista Rasmussen College September 1, 2014 How a mother decides to feed her baby is one of the first decisions a new mother makes, it is one of the most important investment in her child’s future and can give the baby the best start in life. Breast milk is packed with the perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat (Dermer 2001). It is the only natural food designed for your babies. Breastfed babies receive vital vitamins and nutrients from breast milk, it is packed with disease fighting substances that can protect babies from illness, all mother should chose to breastfeed their babies. Breastfeeding improves infant’s general wellbeing, it also decreases the risk for a large amount of acute and chronic diseases (Kennedy 2012). Breast milk contains substances that benefits babies immune system. It has antibodies, enzymes, and white blood cells that protect against disease and infection. If a mother gets a cold while breastfeeding, she is likely to pass the cold germ on to the baby, but the antibodies that help fight the cold are also passed through the milk. These antibodies will help the infant fight cold germs quickly and could maybe avoid the cold altogether. A mother’s milk drastically reduce the chances a baby will get ear infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (Kennedy 2012). Infants who have been breastfed for at least four months are less likely to be hospitalized for respiratory tract infections like, croup and...
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