...exchanged surplus food and crafts items. Centers such as Anyang and Loyang in China grew and became a focus of migration for a growing agricultural population. V. Political factors: Presence of a king with distinguished roles. VI. Environmental factors: Stability of environment, natural boundaries. 2. Discuss the major features of the following in the early Chinese history showing those that have affected development of the modern world. 1. Political structures 2. The Chinese economy 3. Social structures 1. Political structures China had a government ruled y dynasties, united under one dynasty but often competing dynasties in controlling different regions. Ancient China’s resources, large areas and large populations demanded a strong central government. When one of these regional dynasties became dominant their king would become the emperor. The government these dynasties created tended to be very autocratic and even despotic, ruthlessly enforcing...
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...Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both commercial and military, are referred to as "naval engineering". The construction of boats is a similar activity called boat building. China boasts a shipbuilding history as long as that of mankind. Spanning a time period of thousands of years, Chinese ships have evolved from rafts and canoes to wheel ships and today's steel vessels. The various ship models, structures, and propellers have vividly reflected the humankind's technological development and creativity, which is true with the famous ships in ancient China, such as the Lou Chuan (castle ships) of the Han Dynasty(206BC-220AD), the Big Dragon Boats of the Sui Dynasty(581-618), and the treasure boats used by Zheng He during his voyages to the West seas in the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644). First Shipbuilding China had established a fairly mature shipbuilding industry as early as the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-220 AD). Possessing well-developed shipbuilding technology and expertise, the artisans of the time were...
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...Brief History of China Prehistory Mythical Era Ancient Era Imperial Era Modern Era Introduction Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River Valley in the Neolithic era A history of 4700 years since Yellow Emperor during the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors; the written history of China begins with Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago when turtle shells with ancient Chinese writing were carbon dated in 1500BC Prehistory Peking Man Paleolithic – – – – China was inhabited by Homo erectus more than 1 million years ago The archaeological site of Xihoudu site in Shanxi Province is the earliest recorded of use of fire by Homo erectus 1.27 million years ago The excavations at Yuanmou and later Lantian show early habitation The most specimen of Homo erectus found in China is the so-called Peking Man discovered in 1965 Prehistory (cont.) Neolithic – – – – – – Stone Tools The Neolithic age traced back to 10,000 BC Early evidence for proto-Chinese millet agriculture is carbon-dated to about 7,000 BC Population was increased due to agriculture, the ability to store and redistribute crops and to support specialist craftsmen and administrators In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a culture center, and the first villages were founded Early history of China is complicated by the lack of a written language during this period At Damaidi site in Ningxia...
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...army reflects the overall society structure during the Qin Dynasty, but it also reflect their religious belief in the afterlife, and how important it was to them. The terracotta army was discovered on March 1974 by a group of local farmers who were digging a well. More specifically, it...
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...Government of Qin Dynasty The economy during the Qin Dynasty was one of the most successful in Eastern Asia’s history. The success of the government during this time period can be partially devoted to Shang Yang. Shang Yang, with help from King Xiao of Qin, enacted reforms that led to a stronger government. Shang Yang was arguably the most famous legalist reformer in East Asia history. The reforms that he enacted arranged the foundation for Qin unification of China. Shang Yang convinced King Xiao to rule by military force. The reforms were made through the use of military force that corresponded with Yang’s Legalist ideas. His reforms enabled Qin to become one of the most powerful states in the Warring States Period. * The first reform abolished Qin’s old square system and recognized the private ownership of land. (write about the old square system). Shang Yang also introduced taxes and levies. After private ownership of land was adopted, taxes were imposed according to the quantity and quality of land. This also allowed people to buy and sell land. The second proposed reform replaced the territorial and hereditary system with the System of Prefectures and Counties to Reinforce the Centralization of State Power. Yang established the system of prefecture and county by re-dividing the state into administrative regions and combining the small villages into counties administered by county magistrates and their assistants. * The third reform Shang Yang proposed to the state of Qin was...
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...Brief History of China Prehistory Mythical Era Ancient Era Imperial Era Modern Era Introduction Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River Valley in the Neolithic era A history of 4700 years since Yellow Emperor during the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors; the written history of China begins with Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago when turtle shells with ancient Chinese writing were carbon dated in 1500BC Prehistory Peking Man Paleolithic – – – – China was inhabited by Homo erectus more than 1 million years ago The archaeological site of Xihoudu site in Shanxi Province is the earliest recorded of use of fire by Homo erectus 1.27 million years ago The excavations at Yuanmou and later Lantian show early habitation The most specimen of Homo erectus found in China is the so-called Peking Man discovered in 1965 Prehistory (cont.) Neolithic – – – – – – Stone Tools The Neolithic age traced back to 10,000 BC Early evidence for proto-Chinese millet agriculture is carbon-dated to about 7,000 BC Population was increased due to agriculture, the ability to store and redistribute crops and to support specialist craftsmen and administrators In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a culture center, and the first villages were founded Early history of China is complicated by the lack of a written language during this period At Damaidi site in Ningxia, 3172 cliff carvings dating to...
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...The rise of the dominant military power of the Roman Republic and the Qin dynasty was based on a well-reputed legal system and strong economic power. Qin's advanced bureaucratic system and Roman citizenship enabled their citizens to change their social class through their own efforts. Such a system makes soldiers more willing to fight. This system stimulated people's desire to work, so that their national strength has been greatly increased. At the same time, a powerful economy is required for a dominant military power, because money is needed for logistics and supplies such as food. History and Economics are the most important disciplines for this research. There are two concept for each discipline. Nationalism is a kind of fanatical worship of a specific nation. It usually emphasizes the culture, interests of...
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...------------------------------------------------- History of China From at least 1766BCE to the twentieth century of the Common Era, China was ruled by dynasties. A dynasty is a family that passes control from one generation to the next. A dynasty does not have to last for a long time. One Chinese dynasty lasted more than 800 years while another lasted only fifteen years. The ancient Chinese believed their ancestors in heaven had chosen their leaders. They called this the Mandate of Heaven. The Chinese people often rebelled against a weak leader if they believed he had lost the Mandate of Heaven. There are indications of an earlier Hsia Dynasty, but the Shang were the first dynasty to leave written records. The Shang also developed a lunar calendar consisting of twelve months of 30 days each. The Shang Dynasty ruled China from approximately 1766BCE to about 1040BCE. Shang rulers expanded the borders of their kingdom to include all of the land between Mongolia and the Pacific Ocean. The Shang practiced human sacrifice. If a Shang king died, many of his subjects would join the ruler in his grave. Some people were beheaded first but others were buried alive. When a Shang king died, his next oldest brother replaced him. When there were no brothers, the ruler’s oldest maternal nephew became king. A maternal nephew would be a child of one of the deceased king’s cousins – that is, a son of his mother’s siblings. The Chou were initially nomads who lived west of the Shang...
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...Need a quick revision on your knowledge of 5000-years of Chinese history? I suggest picking up Adeline Yen Mah’s China: land of dragons and emperors. Having first read Adeline’s compelling autobiography Falling Leaves a while ago, I was surprised to see her publish a book on China’s history for children ( ‘big’ children like myself included:)). ‘I bring you gifts from China: treasures more enchanting than pearls, more precious than jade. Among these pages you will find tales of dragons and emperors, battles and love affairs….’ excerpt from ix And so begins a 234-page journey though each of China’s dynasties, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. I especially liked the section where Adeline highlights the most famous person in a particular dynasty – useful for readers who remember have trouble fitting names to dynasties e.g. which dynasty was the famous historian Sima Qian (司马迁) from*? The book is also laced with handy information on things like the invention of matches, to the origins of the moon festival (中秋节). By the end of the book i was left wanting more. A future consideration might be for Adeline to turn this book into a full-length history text for students preparing to study China history. Well, to prove that the book is not just for children :) - my dad started reading the book a day after i finished, quite a feat considering that he hardly has time to finish the newspapers. SB rating 3.5/5 *(Ans: the Han...
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...symbolize barbaric living, but horrific rituals that have taken place in history. This tribe unfortunately was not the only ones in history to take off another’s head to show power over one another. Although, head shrinking was indeed only unique to the Jivaro Indians and was not repeated by any other tribe in history. The process that had to be performed, was either taking off another’s head during a bloody battle or taking off an enemy’s head for a religious significance. Most of the heads that were left in time are donated to museums or kept because some still believe they are “magical.” Beheading an enemy during battle first started with the Qin Dynasty, in Ancient China. It was proven in time that after a soldier of the way killed another, they would behead them. After beheading them, they would wear their heads along their waists to show what they have done to the apposing side, and to terrorize their enemies. Beheading was a frequent task performed by Qin Shi Huangdi , he would behead people for disobeying his Qin laws. Shrinking heads was not apart of this Dynasty, but was left up to...
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...emperor and the Chinese civilization. The 7,000 and counting terracotta warriors were discovered by a local farmer who was digging a well for his family. The Terracotta Warriors were made during the rule of Emperor Qin Shi Huang- who was the first emperor to rule China as a whole in Chinas known history. The terracotta warriors were created and then fired in a kiln 100’s at a time by the citizens and craftsmen inside of the Qin Empire. Terra Cotta warriors were very important to Chinese culture. Even, archeologists are excavating the...
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...assassination of the Qin emperor by Jing Ke. The scene that I chose to carry out my analysis would be the part from 45.07 minutes to 50.07 minutes where it started from Flying Snow’s effort to stop Broken Sword from appearing at the battle until her fight started with Nameless. In hero, from the scene 46.54 minutes until 47.02 minutes, the settings of the scene act as a metaphor. The location shows a wide compound overwhelming Flying Snow which emphasize that she is going to confront the battle with Nameless alone. It give us a feeling that she is tough and determined to face what is after her even she is aware that her enemy is much more powerful and stronger than she is. She firmly walks toward her horse also denote to us that Flying Snow is unafraid to die and is mentally prepared to face what is about to fall upon her. In addition, the scene 47.11 minutes to 47.16 minutes shows that Broken Sword is standing high up on the hill, portraying the feeling that they are growing further apart and have to leave one another’s life in the future. At the same time, the contradiction between their locations show that he was given the chance to stay alive contrasting to Flying Snow, who is on the crest of the valley ready to carry out the sacrifices for him. The scene 47.22 minutes to 47.31 minutes where Flying Snow slowly faded out of sight symbolizes that she is now slowly faded out of Broken Sword’s life. Moreover, in the scene from 47.57 minutes to 48.02 minutes where the battle was about to...
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...between May and October. The fertile and abundance of arable lands together with the temperate climate gave birth to the early Chinese civilization and the rise of Zhou people, who established their reign in northern China. Later, China was divvied into seven independent states, thus entering the Warring States Period (476B.C. ~ 221B.C.). Xi’an, as the capital of Qin, has great advantage in terms of national security. Surrounded by mountains and hills, Xi’an was only able to be reached by forces from Northern China Plain by entering the narrow pass near the confluence of Wei River and Yellow River. According to Chinese history document, Shi Ji, literally means “Historical Records”, the other six states launched two separate joint operations against Qin’s expansion (318B.C. and 241B.C.). Both times the armies of six states were defeated by Qin’s soldiers near the pass. Because of the geography location and topography, Xi’an was protected from wartime destruction, thus it possessed economic and population advantage over other cities in China during the Qin Dynasty (221B.C. ~207B.C.). It was during the Han Dynasty (202B.C. ~220A.D.) and Tang...
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...between two nations in the bed of history. And then a little treat on current similarities and what is happening in the current days. Back in the history Name of China in Persian language written as چین read exactly as Qin in pinyin writing of Chinese mandarin language implies the starting point of mutual acquaintance going back till the time of Qin dynasty in China which coincides with the rule Arsacid dynasty (Parthian Empire) in Iran. However the oldest document currently available about these relationships points out to the time of Chinese Han Dynasty and Iranian Parthian Empire(247 BC - 224 AD). These relations continued further up to next Iranian dynasty of Sassanids and after invasion of Arabs to Iran and continued in different forms of commercial, religious, cultural & scientific transactions. Mutual relations before Islam An outstanding document from Chinese part is Zhang Qian words in Shiji 史记 one of the most reliable records on Chinese history written by grand Chinese historian Sima Qian 司马迁. The Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited the neighbouring countries of Bactria and Sogdiana in 126 BCE, made the first known Chinese report on Parthia. In his accounts Parthia is named Ānxī 安息 , a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty. Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization, which he equates to those of Dayuan (in Ferghana currently located in Uzbekistan) and Daxia (in Bactria currently located in Afghanistan). ...
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...Head Shrinking and Power Seeking: The Jivaro Indian Tribe The shrunken heads or better known as the Tsantsa of Jivaros’, an artifact left to us from many tribes ago. These heads not only symbolize barbaric living, but horrific rituals that have taken place in history. This tribe unfortunately was not the only ones in history to take off another’s head to show power over one another. Although, head shrinking was indeed only unique to the Jivaro Indians and was not repeated by any other tribe in history. The process that had to be performed, was either taking off another’s head during a bloody battle or taking off an enemy’s head for a religious significance. Most of the heads that were left in time are donated to museums or kept because some...
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