...repeating itself throughout the record. In today’s practical world, great powers are searching extensively and aggressively for opportunities to attain power over others, with hegemony being their ultimate goal. In present realistic and anarchic world system, power is all that matters to selfish and domination oriented states. In a very similar way, China, which has been making success by leaps and bounds, is in time aiming to gain the position of super power, the position which in the present day is being enjoyed and exercised by the United States of America. With around 1.3billion population; estimating for one-fifth of the world’s entire population, with world’s largest armed forces, China, while contributing about 13percent to the world economy, is at present the fastest developing country across the sphere, with raw potentials to becoming a super power down the line. (China: The 21st Century Super Power, September, 2005) China, for past few decades, has been observed making substantial progress in almost every sphere, not only with an aim to improve its international front, but also to maximize its share of international power and gain a position that is desired by a few of the known competing great powers. China has been implementing and devising a mix of very optimal agendas and policies to influence the world and counter the western capitalist approach. The fast paced and significant rise of China since the very start of its independence in 1949 has generated a complex...
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...American Response to Rising Powers in an Offensive Neo-Realist World: A Rising China and its challenge to American Interests The year is 2045, it’s a brisk December morning and the television is turned to CNN news in many American homes. China once again makes headlines as they have successfully landed a man on mars. The Chinese military has developed a missile defense system and is making plans to confront the Japanese military over fishing rights in the pacific. The Chinese market also makes headlines since it is the largest market in the world in terms of GDP and produces 30% of the products in the world. The effects of the Chinese military can be felt in the U.S since it has had to withdraw its navy from the pacific and now has smaller global reach. Three out of ten products picked up at Wal-Mart have the all too familiar “Made in China” printed on the back. This future is of course, fictional and too many may seem farfetched and impossible. However, this future is not all that unrealistic and with the current development of China, it may soon be a reality. China is headed towards a future where China is a global superpower economically, militarily and politically. How should American foreign policy address a rising China? Should we be accommodating and welcome a rising China or should we prevent China from ever reaching superpower status? Given the development of China, the way rising powers interact with world powers historically as well as theoretically and current...
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...The Maritime Strategy of China in the Asia-Pacific Region Origins, Development and Impact HUANG, AN-HAO Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2009 School of Social and Political Sciences Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ABSTRACT This thesis aims to examine how and why a continental-oriented China has shifted its maritime strategic orientation and naval force structure from its coast toward the far seas in an era of interdependent international system. Generally, China is an ancient continental land power with an incomplete oceanic awareness. With the transformation after the Cold War of China’s grand strategy from landward security to seaward security, maritime security interests have gradually become the most essential part of China’s strategic rationale. Undoubtedly, the quest for sea power and sea rights has become Beijing’s main maritime strategic issue. Given China’s escalating maritime politico-economic-military leverage in the Asia-Pacific region, its desire to become a leading sea power embodying global strategic thinking means that it must expand its maritime strategy by developing its navy and preparing for armed confrontation in terms of international relations realism. Conversely, Beijing’s maritime policy leads at the same time towards globalization, which involves multilateralism and strategic coexistence of a more pragmatic kind. This research...
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...China Threat Theory Rising China: a security threat to the West? Abstract The rising China into the world stage has paved the way to the China threat theory. The China threat theory claims that China will soon disrupt the status quo in the world that has been dictated for decades by the Western nations like United States, United Kingdom and France. Especially the United States will not easily give up or relinquish their position as hegemon. The perceived threat of a rising China; especially when there are several publications of books, articles and anti-China bashing blogs that helps to exacerbate these fears. China’s increase in soft power and hard power does not mean it is a threat to the global security; China’s development and their economic growth relies on peaceful relations with the West because China needs access to their domestic markets. The main reason why China is considered to be a threat to the West is because they cannot maintain their domination on the world stage, and has to make room for developing nations like the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Yet China simply wants to develop and increase the living standards of its people, and no desire of aggressive military actions. Thus, the foundation of why China is still been seen as a threat will be explored but the conception will be dismissed because as a growing superpower these steps are logical and any country that is in the same situation as China now will simply...
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...ELECTRONIC ASSIGNMENT COVERSHEET | | Student Number | 31963763 | Surname | Dendup | Given name | Tenzin | Email | Dendup.tenzin3@gmail.com | | | Unit Code | POL161 | Unit name | Asia Pacific in the Global System | Enrolment mode | Internal / external | Date | 13/05/2013 | Assignment number | 2 | Assignment name | Rise of China and Its Security Risk to Australia | Tutor | Kreisti Nillus | Student’s Declaration: * Except where indicated, the work I am submitting in this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for assessment in another unit. * This submission complies with Murdoch University's academic integrity commitments. I am aware that information about plagiarism and associated penalties can be found at http://www.murdoch.edu.au/teach/plagiarism/. If I have any doubts or queries about this, I am further aware that I can contact my Unit Coordinator prior to submitting the assignment. * I acknowledge that the assessor of this assignment may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment: * reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another academic staff member; and/or * submit a copy of this assignment to a plagiarism-checking service. This web-based service may retain a copy of this work for the sole purpose of subsequent plagiarism checking, but has a legal agreement with the University that it will not share or reproduce it in any form. * I have retained a copy of this assignment. * I will...
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...INTRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE ................................................................ 3 2 MILITARY EXPENDITURES – BRIC COUNTRIES 2.1 BRASIL .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 RUSSIA ......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 INDIA ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.4 CHINA ........................................................................................................... 7 3 MILITARY EXPENDITURE - NATO ............................................................. 8 4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE The acronym BRIC summerize countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China. The BRIC countries are promising due to its huge population and the long-lasting economic growth, that’s why expectations of the market development are high. The inventor of the BRIC concept, Jim O'Neill, chief economist at the investment bank Goldman Sachs, published the study,, Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050 " in 2003. His sensational report predicted:,, Over the next 50 years, Brazil, Russia, India and China ,the BRIC economies, could become a much larger force in the world economy”. O'Neill forecasts...
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...To what extent is the USA's dominance being threatened by the emerging power of the BRICS? (15) The USA has a notable dominance over the rest of the world due to having strengths in four main areas: economic strength, military strength, cultural influence and political power. However, the emerging BRIC nations are threatening the USA’s dominance because their strength in these areas is also looking strong. In terms of its economy, the USA is strongly threatened by China. China has the second highest GDP in the world behind the USA (6,807.43 USD in 2013) and this figure is growing at a much faster rate than the USA’s. China’s manufacturing industry is huge and exports many products all over the world. Although the average quality of life in China isn’t as good as the USA’s, it improving due to China’s growing economy allowing more investment in services like healthcare and education. A wealthier population in China may also lead to future political change and even more economic growth. Also, India’s economy is powerful and growing, although not on the scale of China. Overall, I think China will soon become more of a dominant nation compared to the USA. However, China’s GDP and quality of life won’t match the USA for a long time. The military strength of countries is important in making them superpowers. Although the USA has the strongest military force in the world, China also has very strong military strength and is most likely here to threaten the USA for global dominance...
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...Distribution of power at the global level The United States has been the global leader since 1872, when they overtook the United Kingdom. There are discussions about “Americas decline” and the rise of multipolar power within the international state system. But actually I think that United States will stay as the world’s single great-power for some nearest time. It does not deny that some nation-states may grow more powerful in their respective regions. Although number of people around the world believes the economic balance of power is shifting, the United States is still seen as the world’s leading economic power. There are two main competitors for United States - one in the Pacific against China and the other in eastern Europe against Russia. America has to be afraid of these two countries getting togeather and building up their own global power. United States need to keep it’s allies, particularly the European countries, in line if the confrontation reaches a critical point. Economical statistics shows that China this year will displace the United States as the world's largest economy. The comparison is made by Purchasing Power Parity. It means that it takes into account the differing prices in the two countries. If a dollar is worth 7.2 renminbi today on the foreign exchange market, there is possibility that 7.2 renminbi can buy a lot more in China than one dollar can buy in the United States. The Purchasing Power Parity comparison shows - that is why...
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...the upcoming years, its development and clarification of the position of the People’s Republic of China in the international relations with a focus on China’s peaceful rise. The essay covers China’s relations to the selected countries, for example the most important neighbouring countries, but nevertheless the U.S., European Union and Middle East also. It focuses also on environmental sustainability, possible economic influence in the foreign countries, controversial issues over disputed areas and possible democratization of the political system. Analytically it discusses the factors involved in shaping as the China’s foreign policy, as well as domestic policy. It deals with human rights violation and discrimination. In focus to the security issues it gives an overview of China’s military capacities and abilities, which may be considered as a threat to its peaceful rise. As a conclusion it gives an analysis of factors that contribute in China’s effort to become a regional power, in means of emerging power that is able to compete with the traditional western type powers. Theoretical basis The impressive economic growth of People’s Republic of China over the past few decades raises a profound question about China’s peaceful rise in the international relations. It is a beautiful example of a country which is to become a regional and eventually global power in our lifetime. China is predicted to become a player with global influence, just as United States of America had become...
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...INTRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE ................................................................ 3 2 MILITARY EXPENDITURES – BRIC COUNTRIES 2.1 BRASIL .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 RUSSIA ......................................................................................................... 5 2.3 INDIA ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.4 CHINA ........................................................................................................... 7 3 MILITARY EXPENDITURE - NATO ............................................................. 8 4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION AND STRUCTURE The acronym BRIC summerize countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China. The BRIC countries are promising due to its huge population and the long-lasting economic growth, that’s why expectations of the market development are high. The inventor of the BRIC concept, Jim O'Neill, chief economist at the investment bank Goldman Sachs, published the study,, Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050 " in 2003. His sensational report predicted:,, Over the next 50 years, Brazil, Russia, India and China ,the BRIC economies, could become a much larger force in the world economy”. O'Neill forecasts...
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...John Mearsheimer takes a neo-realist viewpoint in his 2010 article on “Australians should fear the rise of China”. The validity of his arguments can be assessed, but, ultimately, a more satisfactory argument can be formulated in refuting his realist perspective; neo-liberal theories, drawn from liberal scholars such as Joseph Nye, uphold the counter argument that Australians should not fear the rise of China. China has already surpassed the United States as the world’s largest economy, and it will undoubtedly continue to grow and develop; estimates suggest that even if economic growth slows down, China is still likely to develop a high-income economy before 2030 (The World Bank 2013). As a result of its growing economic strength, China has...
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...images reveal China has already constructed 3km runway on island it has formed in disputed ocean territory.” http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3043227/Satellite-images-reveal-China-constructed-3km-runway-island-formed-disputed-ocean-territory.html Spratly Islands is a disputed group of islands, including islets, atolls, cays and reefs. The Spratly archipelago has been claimed by six different countries namely Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, Taiwan, China and Philippines and has been a controversial dispute between countries that are claimants of the said islands. Fiery Cross Reef, which is a part of the Spratly archipelago, is located on the western edge of the Dangerous Ground, a large area in the southeast part of the South China Sea. In 2014, the People’s Republic of China commenced reclamation activity in Fiery Cross Reef and it has been converted into an artificial or man-made island. Fiery Cross Reef has been considered as China’s man-made military island outpost. Via satellite images, it has been sited that China made a massive construction of airstrip in the artificial island atop of Fiery Cross Reef. An airstrip is used as a runway for aircraft or airplanes. Many believe that the airstrip has been constructed for military purposes. China’s key player for the Spratly Island dispute is its tough military intimidation or their so called “military muscle”. Smaller countries such as the Philippines, Malaysia and Vietnam have been fighting China’s military intimidation...
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...seek to explain phenomena by specifying the relationships among the concepts. So theory of international relation is a set of propositions and concepts that seek to explain international relation phenomena by specifying the relationships among the concepts. Therefore the theory of international relationship is important to analyze political events and their background. For example, behind US attack to Iraq, there were issues of terrorism, Saddam Hussein as an individual, democracy, and weapon. Moreover using the theories of international relationship, individuals can explain why Iraq refused to comply with international demand initially; its strong nationalism, history of being controlled by western colonialist, and its leader’s augmented power by standing up to the west. Aside from analyzing political events and the background why certain events occur, the theory of international relation is important in terms of building...
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...taming the American power (Walt, 2005). China along with other nations are facing this daunting question of how to balance the power, even the playing field by striving to become a great power (Forsyth, 2008). This essay will address the realism theory focusing on the three of the instruments of power (IOP) as it applies to the Chinese foreign policy towards the US. To begin with, this essay will touch on Chinas fluctuating military stance. China continues to display the traditional realist view of balancing power plus states gain their power through war and military intimidation (Forsyth, 2010). Chinas strategic culture and historical record shows they are willing to use force to maintain security and power against the US. They are positioning their assets and “threatening potential US conflict over Taiwan” (Gompert & Phillip, 2011, 42). They’ve increased their military budget, showed capabilities by shooting down a satellite, and “acquired military capabilities-including anti-ship cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, and electronic countermeasure technologies—that could hinder US forces if they tried to operate in China’s neighborhood” (Walt, 2005). In conclusion, this on again, off again military stance is showing that China is fearful of its ultimate security. Second, I will address economics and international trade agreement that China has with the US. China has proven it is an economic force to be reckoned with, second only to the US. China welcomes continued...
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...Geopolitics and International Affairs “What are the key factors in contemporary redistributions of Geopolitical Power?” The Encyclopaedia Britannica describes Geopolitics as “analysis of the geographic influences on power relationships in international relations” (2010); therefore Geopolitical Power is the power certain nations have over other nations, based upon Geographic influences and advantages. Across the world the geographies of power shift from nation to nation over time (such as the shift in power from Britain to the USA after WWII) and the hegemonic structure has a huge effect on world dynamics such economy, politics, society and culture. The nation with the most power tends to have the greatest influence over these and other factors. Currently, and in recent years there has been a notable rise in power from nations in the geographic east (most notably China) simultaneous to the apparent decline in power by the worlds current top geopolitical power (the USA). This is raising serious questions as to the future of the current hegemonic structure. There are a number of key factors which are driving this shift in power and here I aim to address and analyse these so that I may answer the question “What are the key factors in contemporary redistributions of Geopolitical Power?” The USA is currently the world's dominant geopolitical power and has been since World War II. According to Fareed Zakaria (2008) “...the United States' [unrivalled economic status] has lasted more...
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