Question #1: Explain the “get tough” movement and how it is different from the original parens patriae idea.

Parens patriae gave the state the right and responsibility to take control over children from the natural parents when they proved to be unable to meet their responsibilities or when the child was a problem for the community. (Gennaro E. Vito; Julie C. Kunselman, 2012)
“Get Tough” movement featuring stricter penalties for youths including the sentencing of juveniles as adults and the death penalty that is focused on such issues as punishment, justice, and accountability. This terminology reflects the view that juveniles must bear individual responsibility for their crimes, particularly serious crimes, as adults do. (Gennaro E. Vito; Julie C. Kunselman, 2012)
The get tough movement recognized the shortcomings of the original doctrines of the child savers and the juvenile court philosophies. Child savers under the parens patriae rule would rather cuddle the juvenile, and not allow the justice system to punish juveniles under the belief they are not responsible for their actions. The “Get Tough” viewpoint holds just the opposite view, that juveniles should be punished to make them more responsible.
The “Get Tough” movement focuses on the crimes juveniles commit rather than the basic causes of delinquency. Because of this, more juveniles are being tried in criminal courts and sent to state prisons. Parens patriae gave the state the right and the responsibility to remove juveniles

from the parents household, when it was determined the parents could no longer control the juvenile, or the juvenile was a problem to the community.
The neglected juvenile became a ward of the state under the authority of parens patriae doctrine. The juvenile court system was designed to act more flexibly than the adult criminal courts. The main concern was for the