...Organizational Behavior Paper Linda C. O’Neal MGT/312 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR FOR MANAGERS June 1, 2015 Professor Tina Emrich Organizational Behavior The study of organizational behavior is an academic discipline concerned with describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. Organizational behavior has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment and proliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. Crafting an organization that functions as efficiently as possible is a difficult task. Understanding the behavior of a single person is a challenge. Understanding the behavior of a group of people, each one with a complex relationship with the others in the group is an even more difficult undertaking. It is, however a worthy undertaking because ultimately the work of an organization is done through the behavior driven actions of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Therefore, a central part of the management task is the management of organizational behavior. The Behavioral Sciences Organizational behavior scientists study four primary areas of behavioral science: individual behavior, group behavior, organizational structure, and organizational processes. They investigate many facets of these areas like personality and perception, attitudes...
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...Organizational Behavior W. Jack Duncan Book review Meera Iyer Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Organizational behavior: defining the field Historical perspective Methodological foundations of organizational behavior Personality development and attitudes The cognitive basis of individual behavior Motivation: Theory and selected research Introduction to small group behavior Leadership behavior and effectiveness Intergroup analysis: Co-ordination and conflict The organization and the individual Environments, organizations and behavior Power relations in organizations Performance evaluation and organizational effectiveness Planned change and organizational development This book is about organizational behavior. It is also a text on management. The objective of the book is to present a research based approach to management from an applied behavioral science perspective. I have summarized each chapter of the book, explaining the main points that the authors wish to communicate. © www.hrfolks.com All Rights Reserved Organizational behavior – Defining the field Organizations are collections of interacting and inter related human and non-human resources working toward a common goal or set of goals within the framework of structured relationships. Organizational behavior is concerned with all aspects of how organizations influence the behavior of individuals and how individuals in turn influence organizations. Organizational behavior is an inter-disciplinary...
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...Oest Evolutionary behavioural Science and crime: Aetiological and intervention implications. The research tells us that the three main approaches applied to the social and behavioral sciences as it relates to crime are human behavioral ecology, evolutionary psychology, and gene-culture co-evolution theory. The human behavioral sciences suggests that certain biological, psychological, and social interactions amongst humans must be taken into consideration when attempting to address a persons criminal behavior. (page 194). Evolutionary behavioral science is based on the idea that human beings have evolved and that criminal behavior is a result of adaptations or the by-products of adaptations Evolutionary behavioural science and crime: Aetiological and intervention implications (Page 194) Gene-culture co-evolutionary theory is based on the idea that our ability as humans to acquire beliefs, values, ideas, and practices from others comes from specific, evolved psychological processes. Evolutionary behavioural science and crime: Aetiological and intervention implications. (Page 197) The theory also recognizes that cultural evolution, which is the transmission of beliefs, values, ideas and practices among humans provides a second system of inheritance along with genetic inheritance. Evolutionary behavioural science and crime: Aetiological and intervention implications. (Page 197) The research focuses primarily on the evolutionary behavioral science and offender rehabilitation...
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...Intercontinental University – Online November 18, 2012 Abstract This paper is going to discuss three of the various perspectives of psychology. It is going to explain their origins, how they are practiced, and have evolved over time. As with any form of science, there are many different theories and perspectives to Psychology. Among these forms are Cognitive, Functionalism, Psychodynamic and many others but the three that are considered to be the 'forces' of psychology are Behaviorism, Humanistic and Psychoanalysis. The Humanistic approach began as a movement in the 1950's meant to take a healthy, or holistic, method to understanding the nature of what it is to be human. This perspective addresses values important to humans: love, compassion, creativity, etc. It is considered the third force of Psychology, the first being Behaviorism and the second being Psychoanalysis. The founders of the Humanistic theory were Abraham Maslov and Carl Rogers. They concerned themselves with the psychological well-being of a person, it focused on being able to realize your full potential or 'self-actualization'. This concept had a huge impact on psychology as we know it today because it concerned itself with areas of human behavior that other theories ignored. "The humanistic perspective values the integrity of each individual" (Editorial Board, 2011). It is believed that you could lose yourself because you become preoccupied with the notion of gaining acceptance from others. When you,...
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...Organizational behavior is an academic discipline concerned with describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. Organizational behavior has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment andproliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. "The task of getting organizations to function effectively is a difficult one," wrote David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman in Hackman, Lawler, and Porter's Perspectives on Behaviors in Organizations. "Understanding one individual's behavior is a challenging problem in and of itself. A group, made up of different individuals and multiple relationships among those individuals, is even more complex…. In the fact of this overwhelming complexity, organizational behavior must be managed. Ultimately the work of organizations gets done through the behavior of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Thus, central to the management task is the management of organizational behavior. To do this, there must be the capacity to understand the patterns of behavior at individual, group, and organization levels, to predict what behavior responses will be elicited by different managerial actions, and finally to use understanding and prediction to achieve control." The Behavioral Sciences Organizational behavior scientists study four primary...
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...APOLLO .W. MBOGO ( MOI UNIVERSITY)------- Organizational behavior Organizational behavior refers to the study of people and their behavior in the organization and their work place. Organizational behavior is an aspect that deals with great range of disciplines which includes management sociology, psychology, and communication. Organizational behavior brings about achievement of highest performance and good results due to the application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations and workplaces. Through the study of organizational behavior, managers are able to know the problems affecting the employees in the organization and come up with solutions to solve these problems. As a result it brings they work harmoniously together as a family thereby bringing high achievement If a manager is assigned to manage an organization, it is necessary for him or her to understand how the organization operates. Organization may refer to the combination of science and people. While science and technology can be predicted, human behavior in an organization cannot be predicted. This is because human behaviors arise from needs and value systems of people. Organizations refer to people this means that without people organizations would not exist. This means that if managers want to understand the organizations in which they work, they must first understand the people who are the constituents of the organizations. People are the most valuable assets of the...
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...Organizational behavior is an academic discipline concerned with describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. Organizational behavior has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment and proliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. "The task of getting organizations to function effectively is a difficult one," wrote David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman in Hackman, Lawler, and Porter's Perspectives on Behaviors in Organizations. "Understanding one individual's behavior is a challenging problem in and of itself. A group, made up of different individuals and multiple relationships among those individuals, is even more complex…. In the fact of this overwhelming complexity, organizational behavior must be managed. Ultimately the work of organizations gets done through the behavior of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Thus, central to the management task is the management of organizational behavior. To do this, there must be the capacity to understand the patterns of behavior at individual, group, and organization levels, to predict what behavior responses will be elicited by different managerial actions, and finally to use understanding and prediction to achieve control." The Behavioral Sciences Organizational behavior scientists study four...
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...achieve a wide variety of goals, both goals of the organization and goals of the various individuals in the organization. Organizations exist to provide services and goods that people want. These goods and services are the products of the behaviors of workers. Organizational behavior usually known as ‘OB’ is the study of the many factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations and how organizations manage their environments. Organization is somewhat defined as “Organisations comprise two or more people engaged in a systematic and coordinated effort, persistently over a period of time, in pursuit of goals which convert resources into goods and/or services which are needed by consumers” such definition implies the organization exists with the presence of people consists of diverse cultures, character, perception, intelligence and abilities this necessitate a manager to understand behavioral trends of various people in organization So to achieve the organizational goals it stimulate specific goals, objectives and achieve within an optimal performance of workers, Manager’s knowledge of OB may find it useful to explore ways of stimulating fruitful behaviors from workers. Often drastic changes in behavior of workers may...
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...Analysis of Consumer Behavior quotes “We surround ourselves with valued material possessions as a matter of our lives taking course. A sense of linkage to the concrete and observable world external to ourselves permits us to obtain a sense of stability and continuity in an otherwise less stable existence”. Discuss Introduction Psychology is important in many aspects of business, not least in the whole area of marketing and advertising. An understanding of the consumer behaviour is an essential part of the psychology of marketing. This essay will firstly give an explanation of consumer behaviour. Following this, it will discuss the benefits of the applications of consumer behaviours. Finally, it will look at the explication of attachment in consumer behaviours in the quote “We surround ourselves with valued material possessions as a matter of our lives taking course; a sense of linkage to the concrete and observable world external to ourselves permits us to obtain a sense of stability and continuity in an otherwise less stable existence.” Consumer Behaviour Consumer behaviour is a complex, multi-disciplinary theory contributed from a variety of social sciences. The microeconomic demand theory, the foundation theory of market economy, is focused on what prospect effect the changes in income and price has on demand under the prerequisite of stable preferences; it does not provide explanation of the dynamics of the many factors in between, for instance, what influence income...
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...Organizational Behavior is an applied behavioral science built on concepts contributed by a number of related behavioral disciplines. The most influential members of the Organizational Behavior team are psychology, social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Study of these four disciplines helps one understand the underlying principles that build the overall science of Organizational Behavior. A simple composite definition of Organizational Behavior could be a science that studies the behavior, influence, relationship, and activity within groups. The discipline of Organizational Behavior helps one apply the knowledge and understanding gained from the study of groups to manipulate the activities of the group to achieve specific goals. Organizational Behavior Disciplines It frequently requires a team to accomplish a task. Each member of a well-balanced team contributes a meaningful part of the entire effort to complete the task successfully. This team concept can be applied to the study of Organizational Behavior. Organizational Behavior is an applied behavioral science built on concepts contributed by a number of related behavioral disciplines (Robins & Judge, 2009). The most influential members of the Organizational Behavior team are psychology, social psychology, sociology, and anthropology (see Appendix). Study of these four disciplines helps one understand the underlying principles that build the overall science of Organizational Behavior. Psychology Psychology...
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...John Watson is best known for the study of Behaviorism. He was a well know psychologist that I will be telling you about today. If you would like to know more about John Watson, then continue reading. John Watsons first work was published in 1914, it was “Introduction to Comparative Psychology”. Watson also created a book called “Behaviorism” on 1925 studying psychology. Watson studied psychological care of infant and child. While studying behaviorism, Watsons goal was to explain the relationship between conditions, behavior, and consequences, his goal was to allow him to control human emotions. With Watsons research he helped B.F. skinners study of operant behaviorism, while also helping define the study of behavior, while showing the importance of environmental influences. John believed that psychology was a science of human behavior very similar to animal behavior, and thought that it should be studied in careful lab conditions. John Watson continued his research in a more careful environment. John graduated with a master’s degree from Furman University. After he graduated he attended the University of Chicago where he got the interest in comparative psychology and animal study. Watson was a new kind of psychologist that was to open the ideas with behavioral methods, with applying psychology to animals, mental...
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...Introduction Organizational behavior is the study of the behavior of individuals in organizations. It studies the science and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. The purpose of the study is to improve relationships in organizational context and therefore improve the process of achieving the organizational goals and objectives. Definition of organizational behavior “Actions and attitudes of individuals and groups toward one another and toward the organization as a whole, and its effect on the organization's functioning and performance.” Evolution of Management theory Behavioral science approach This Approach focuses on the psychological and sociological processes that influence the performance of workers. This approach focuses on the workers, not the job itself. The behavioral science was influenced to a large extent by the human relations movement, namely the Hawthorne experiments (e.g. influence of lightning on performance etc.) in the 1930s. Human relations approach The human relations approach evolved in the 1960s and included research from Herzberg, Maslow, and McGregor etc. They tried to find ways to motivate employees based on their needs. 1. McGregor X and Y theory McGregor stated the XY theory of management that says that there are two types of management approaches. A type Y manager sees people as individuals with intrinsic motivation to achieve the organizational goals. Therefore the job of...
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...There are many definitions of Organizational Behavior (OB). In order to develop a personal operating definition of OB, I read several definitions to help form a framework of what OB means to me. The definitions I read ranged from the very complex to the very simple. Along with many OB definitions, there are also many different types of research. Mole noted four assumptions that are used in all OB research (2002). 1. Behavior is predictable 2. Behavior is caused 3. Behavior has many causes 4. Generalities can be made Personal Operational Definition With the above assumptions, as well as the concept that OB is a combination of different fields of behavioral sciences, I developed the following operational definition of OB. The study of Organizational Behavior is to observe, analyze and learn, what variables influence individual behavior, at both the individual and group levels, and understand how it affects the behavior of the organization. I will use this operating definition in my organization as we plan to make a major software change. The process is underway to replace the maintenance software system with an updated software so that a purchasing package can be procured that will integrate the two. By observing the behavior of the employees, I will be able to better understand the cause of their resistance to change. I will recommend a cross functional team to address all the concerns and determine what features of the old software are important and should be...
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...Running Header: Organization Behavior Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Tina Gregory University of Phoenix Victoria James, SPHR Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Everyday we are faced with several obstacles within our working environments. Some of those obstacles include the culture of the organization, behavior or the organization, the diversity within the organization (or lack of), and the communication on receives within their organization. We are continually looking for ways to improve these areas and be able to co-exist with one another when faced with different opinion on what each area should represent in ones organization. I will be explaining the meaning of each of the different obstacles that I have outlined above and how they relate to one another or within the organization that I work for. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is recently a new concept. Asim Khan defined organizational culture as being a set of operating principles that determine how people behave within the context of the company.1 Some say that an organizations culture is what is going to make a true organization. Many organizations have their own cultures and no two organizational cultures are the same. Organizational culture includes two survival issues for an organization; external adaptation and internal integration. External adaptation deals with people that are not within the organization and reaching the set goals the organization has....
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...BASICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR Perception: It is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by learning, memory, expectation, and attention. Perception can be split into two processes. Firstly processing sensory input which transforms these low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). Secondly processing which is connected with person's concept and expectations (knowledge), and selective mechanisms (attention) that influence perception. Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness. Behavior: It is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment. It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert...
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