...Snails feed on anything that can provide nutrients. Snails live in environments that may vary from sunny areas to mountain ranges. The snail is able to adapt to pretty much any temp. The shell is made up of calcium carbonate which is vital for their survival and protection. They are hermaphrodites which mean they can produce eggs and spermatozoa. Some predators that affect the snail are centipedes, squirrels and rats. The most common type snail is a garden snail. This specific snail is native to the Mediterranean region, western europe and part of asia. The Snail with the most unique shell is called the roman snail. All land snails are gastropod mollusks meaning they belong to the same group of octopuses. That is part of the phylum Mollusca. Mollusks do not have an internal skeleton or bones. The snail does not have legs but...
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...| 2015 | | | [snail farming business plan | | University of Northampton New venture Student Name Joseph riak ID Number : Snail new Ventur 9 mentieth close Milton Keynes Telephone number 0794406976976 Email : joseph mutonyi@yahoo.co.uk Table of content 1. Table of contents Introduction Business plan A business plan is essential tool of communication, it aids in the management of the organisation acting as a road map to the objective of the business. The business plan can help the business by guiding and manifesting to the interested parties what danger is a head and call for management action. (Wickham 2006) 2. Executive summary The objective of summary is to Snail new venture is a start-up snail farm that will grow, bleed, process and sell snail’s delicacy and snail eggs, farming them using the intensive method. We will not farm them using extensive method, which involves allowing then to pasture on their own naturally in the field without interfering with them , this method is not suitable for it has limitation and so we will use intensive method system where we grow snails in a protected controlled environment. We will first start with two types of snails * Giant African snail * French apetii Gris ( helix aspersa) Snail new venture will be located in Bletchley Milton Keynes Aim and objectives Snail new venture will serve the high end restaurant with the quality services and high value products. No use of...
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...Molluscicidal Potential of Adelfa (Nerium Indicum Mill) On Golden Snails (Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarok) Beatriz Postigo II- Linnaeus Jesus D. Nono Research 1 Teacher Contents Page Title Page i Contents ii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 2 Significance of the Study 2 Scope and Limitations 3 Definition of Terms 4 Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 5 Chapter 3 Methodology 9 Flow Chart 10 Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Study Golden Snail is known to its vernacular name Kuhol with a Scientific Name of Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarok. It is a mollusk dominant in humid and subtropical habitat. It was introduced in the Philippines as potential source of food, in 1980 to 1982. However between 1983 and 988, this snail has tremendously increased over the years infested thirty-five (35%) of rice rowing areas in the Philippines. At first, many farmers raised the snails in their backyards. It was thought as a good alternative food source of local communities and additional income too. After its introduction in the Philippines, the miracles of these are found as these are called, and have spread in the most parts of the country because they produce rapidly. These mollusks became...
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...Schistosomiasis Epidemic in Africa I recently read the article “The snails spreading fever across Africa” in which author, Meera Senthilingam elaborates on the schistosomiasis, crisis in Africa. Bilharzia is disease is caused by schistosomiasis parasitic worms which are generally found in freshwater sources-these parasites use snails as a host until they find a human host to infect. Commonly, these parasites burrow through the skin and may cause symptoms such as a swollen abdomen, fever and chills. In addition, once a human has become infected, the disease may stay within the body for years before the infected even experiences symptoms. This makes it even more difficult to control the spread of the disease by treating those who are infected. Schistosomiasis parasites are mainly found in fresh water sources as they infiltrate certain types of fresh water snails. Humans come in contact with these host snails infected with the parasites and become infected themselves when swimming, wading, washing, or bathing in the contaminated water. In order for the fresh water snails to become infected by the parasite, the water must first become contaminated. The largest, most well-known reasoning for contamination comes from individuals who are currently a host to schistosomiasis. This epidemic has become so prevalent in Africa due to the lack of bathroom facilities in highly populated or high traffic areas. Those already infected, carry parasitic eggs in their system which find their...
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...emergence of human and wildlife diseases has challenged ecologists to understand how large-scale agents of environmental change affect host–pathogen interactions. Accelerated eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems owing to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment is a pervasive form of environmental change that has been implicated in the emergence of diseases through direct and indirect pathways. We provide experimental evidence linking eutrophication and disease in a multihost parasite system. The trematode parasite Ribeiroia ondatrae sequentially infects birds, snails, and amphibian larvae, frequently causing severe limb deformities and mortality. Eutrophication has been implicated in the emergence of this parasite, but definitive evidence, as well as a mechanistic understanding, have been lacking until now. We show that the effects of eutrophication cascade through the parasite life cycle to promote algal production, the density of snail hosts,...
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...(common name marsh periwinkle snails) perform a vertical migration on Spartina alterniflora (salt marsh cordgrass) during high tides. This could be a result in trying to avoid predators such as Callinectes sapidus (common name blue crab). Field studies have shown that the result of climbing up vegetation provides protection from predators. The comparison that is to be made, is the Littorina irrorates response to the presence of the Callinectes sapidus pheromones by vertical migration. The alternate hypothesis is that there will be a difference in how the Littorina irrorate react with the Callinectes sapidus pheromones, by the vertical movement the snails make to avoid the crabs compared to being in a non-pheromone seawater....
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...Steffi Varghese 1135190 BIOL212-13A (HAM) ECOLOGY PARASITISM AND ITS INTERACTION TO THE SPECIES POPULATION Introduction “Parasitism is a type of co-operative relationship between organisms of different species where one species, the parasite, benefits from an extended, close association with the other species, the host, which is harmed” (Smith & Smith 2012, pg no 299). A parasite usually depends on host species for food, habitat and dispersal in order to increase their fitness. Though parasites obtain benefits from the host species, it does not kill the host as predators do. But due to diminutive growth, boniness, change in behaviour and infertility can cause death for the host organisms. Generally, parasites are much smaller than their hosts, which had a specialized mode of life and reproduce more rapidly and in bigger numbers than their hosts (Smith & Smith, 2012). The main objective of this essay is to describe how the interaction of parasite-host relationship affect the population size and dynamics of both parasite and host species. Discussion Host are considered as the habitats for parasites because it lives on or in the body of the host. The parasites enter into the body of the host by various pathways such as mouth, nasal passages, skin, rectum, urogenital systems and digestive systems. Although parasites harm the host, it is in the parasites best interest not to kill the host, because it relies on...
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...Darwinian Snails Prelude Histograms: [Question 1.1] Which snail population has the larger average shell thickness, the population from 1871, or the population from the 1980s? Answer: The population from the 1980s has the large average shell thickness. [Question 1.2] Which snail population has the larger range of variation in shell thickness? Answer: The snail population from 1871 has the larger range of variation in shell thickness. [Question 1.3] Was Seeley’s prediction correct? In other words, is the average shell thickness and/or the range of variation in thickness different for the 1980s snail population versus the 1871 population? Answer: Seeley’s prediction was correct, because the average shell thickness and the range of variation in thickness are different for the 1980s snail population versus the 1871 population. Exercise 1: A Model of Evolution by Natural Selection [Question 4.1] First, make a prediction. What do you think will happen to the shell thickness distribution in this population of snails as you eat some of them? Answer: We think the average shell thickness will increase. [Question 8.1] Do you notice any differences in the histogram of shell thickness now compared to the staring snail population? If so, explain why this change happened. Answer: The snails with thinnest shells are decreased (almost disappear), and the average shell thickness is higher. Because we have tried to maximize crab happiness score so that the snails with thinnest...
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...10/27/2012 Hossam Ashour An organism that I had always found interesting to learn about is a snail. A snail, along with other organisms including clams, mussels, slugs, octopuses, squids and oysters are all in the same group of invertebrates called molluscs. There are two types of molluscs, land and marine molluscs. The purpose of this paper is to identify how molluscs evolve physiologically to become suited to its environment. Molluscs are soft-bodied animals, but most are protected by a hard shell (Dr. Anthoni, 2007). Some molluscs have internal shells that are internal that eventually fall off during the evolution process. One thing that seemed to intrigue me was how snails eat and survive. Snails, like many other molluscs have an organ call radula used to scoop up food. Snails use the radula to cut food into smaller pieces before eating it. In the diagram, the main organs shown are the heart, kidney, lung, genitals, stomach and the liver. One of three main parts of molluscs is the visceral mass which is where most of the internal organs are located. A snail falls under one of three major groups of a mollusc called gastropods. Most of these animals have a protected shell. A snail’s internal organs include the following: lung, digestive organs, a kidney, liver and reproductive organs which most were shown in the diagram of a mollusc. It can be very dangerous for a snail in terms of surviving and evolving. Due to their small size and slow mobility, they have to constantly...
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...RAISING RABBITS IN THE TROPICS The importance of the domestic rabbit as a supplier of meat for human consumption is widely recognised throughout the world. There are rabbit farms in the tropics and sub-tropics. The size of these varies from the large commercial rabbitries to small backyard rabbitries. Apart from being a good source of meat, rabbits provide useful skins, manure and, with some breeds wool. Reasons for keeping rabbits Most of the countries in both the tropics and sub-tropics face an increasing demand for meat production, especially in expanding urban areas. The rabbit has several points in its favour as a meat producer, and can be raised either on a small-scale by individual households, or on larger commercial scales. Furthermore, there are few cultural or religions or beliefs which do not allow the eating of rabbit meat. Rabbits can be fed on a great variety of locally available foods, some green leaves and kitchen vegetable scraps can be given to rabbits at almost no cost. Commercial rabbitries buy more expensive concentrate rations for their rabbits. Rabbits can breed and grow quickly. This means that a rabbitry can expand quickly and take advantage of a plentiful food supply. Even the backyard rabbit keeper can provide a constant supply of meat for his family. Rabbit skins can be used for several purposes (mats, rugs and clothes). The manure is a valuable organic fertilizer for use in a vegetable garden. Housing can be built from pieces of wood and/or bamboo...
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...marine and moist environments that are why some of them have rudiments of amphibians they kept along during the evolutionary attempts. Some of the gastropods however, dwell in the freshwater also. Others occupy the bottoms of lakes depending on their feeding habits. Some of the molluscs reach the terrestrial environments e.g. snails and slugs. Habitat of the shells typically affect their adaptive structural formation and hence identification. The lines of the shells are dependent upon the tidal emersions. Also, the internal tidal indications of the structure indicate micro-growth line formation in molluscs from sub-tidal areas (Mirzaei et al., 2014). Classfication of the molluscs has classicaly been associated with the structure of the radula or structure of the shell. Within the phylum Mollusca, there are seven classes (Barnes et al., 1993); viz Aplacophora – solenogastrids and caudofoveates (without shells); Cephalopoda – octopi, squid, cuttlefishes, nautilus; Polyplacophora – chitons or coat-of-mail shells; Scaphopoda – tusk shells; Monoplacophora – neopilinids; Bivalvia – ‘clams’ including cockles, oysters and mussels; and Gastropoda – slugs and snails (both marine and terrestrial). Gastropods comprise around 50,000 to...
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...Common names: Golden snail (English), Golden apple snail (English),Channeled applesnail (English), Apple snail (English), Gelbe Apfelschnecke (German), Golden kuhol (English-Philippines), Miracle snail (English-Philippines). Scientific name: Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) Synonyms: Ampullaria canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 Classification Kingdom: | Animalia | Phylum: | Mollusca | Class: | Gastropoda | (unranked): | clade Caenogastropodainformal group Architaenioglossa | Superfamily: | Ampullarioidea | Family: | Ampullariidae | Genus: | Pomacea | Subgenus: | Pomacea | Species: | Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) | The Family of apple snails (Ampullariidae J. E. Gray, 1824) has 105-170 freshwater species with 9 genera and more than 150 nominal species. The Synonyms of this family is Pilidae. This family consists of two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), that used classification by Berthold (1991): -Tribe Ampullariini Gray, 1824 - synonyms: Pilidae Preston, 1915 (inv.); Lanistimae Starobogatov, 1983; Pomaceinae Starobogatov, 1983. -Tribe Sauleini Berthold, 1991. There are 9 extant genera in the family Ampullariidae: +Tribe Ampullariini Gray Ampullaria , Pila, Lanistes, Pomacea. +Tribe Sauleini: Saulea , Asolene, Felipponea, Marisa , Pomella . The Golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is classified under the canaliculata complex. This is a groups of very closely related species which...
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...Introduction Slugs are terrestrial gastropods that are found all around the world. They need a cool, moist environment to survive (Cranshaw 2013). Due to this, slugs are believed to be more active during the night when the temperatures are cooler and the humidity is higher (University of Alaska Fairbanks 2012). Unfortunately, due to their habitat exclusion and their habits, information on their ecology is limited (Getz 1959). The reason that slugs are so hard to track and study is due to how many factors influence their behaviors. “…concluded that the activity was not controlled by a single factor or even by any simple combination of factors, but was a function of the changing combinations of a complex of factors (Crawford-Sidebotham 1972).” Studies have shown that several environmental variables play a role in slug activity. Hommay et al. (1998) stated “The activity rhythms of slugs depend on several environmental factors, such as photoperiod, temperature, and humidity.” Throughout the year, and even throughout the day these conditions vary greatly, so it can be challenging to determine how these conditions affect slugs (Cook 2001). Slug activity is highly dependent on the condition of its environment during the day and the surrounding humidity and temperature. Light Cycle In several cases, field and laboratory experiments have seen slug activity reflect the natural cycle of the sun. During the day the slugs would hide in their shelter, but when the sun set, they emerged. It...
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...plants) prefer garden snails Introduction: The question is important because it deals with changes in the environment over short or long period of time. In other words, it deals with the preferable environment of food for garden snails. The answer to the question indicates the preferable plants that garden snails like to eat. Firstly, a few words will be said about garden snails, and then about the leaves that were given to the snails in this experiment. The independent variables are the types of leaves that are edible by human beings. (Chinese Broccoli ( Kai lan) , Beet root , English spinach, Bok Choy ( Chinese cabbage) and the control- Lettuce. ) The dependent variables are the quantity of leaves that the garden...
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...Snail Sized By: Andrew Porch pg 1-2, Alex Kim pg 9-10, Dante Mantashev pg 3-4, Janis Appleton pg 7-8, Henry Robledo pg 11-12, and Ryan Kerbeck pg 5-6 Once upon a time, in New York city, there was a man by the name of Urf Skunkbottom. He worked as a janitor in Trump Tower. He had no wife, no kids, and was sadly an only child. He had nobody to talk to because both of his parents moved to Alaska and left him by himself when he was only 8 years old. One afternoon, Urf was heading out to lunch, when he had noticed that his normal route to the Hot-Dog stand had be closed off due to construction. The only other way to the stand was 10 minutes longer, so he decided to go through the construction area, like a savage, which would later turn out to be a bad idea. As Urf was taking his stroll through the construction site, he had been noticed by Tim, the supervisor of the area. Tim had yelled from about 150 ft. away at Urf, “Hey, you!” “Me?” questioned Urf. “Yeah you. What are you doing here without a hard helmet, and what’s your name?” Urf had never been more scared in his life, other than the time he had woken up in a McDonald’s bathroom, with a letter next to him saying that his parents had moved to Alaska. His was palms were sweaty, knees...
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