Molluscicidal Potential of Adelfa (Nerium Indicum Mill)
On Golden Snails (Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarok)

Beatriz Postigo
II- Linnaeus

Jesus D. Nono
Research 1 Teacher
Contents

Page
Title Page i
Contents ii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 2 Significance of the Study 2 Scope and Limitations 3 Definition of Terms 4
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 5
Chapter 3 Methodology 9
Flow Chart 10

Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study
Golden Snail is known to its vernacular name Kuhol with a Scientific Name of Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarok. It is a mollusk dominant in humid and subtropical habitat. It was introduced in the Philippines as potential source of food, in 1980 to 1982. However between 1983 and 988, this snail has tremendously increased over the years infested thirty-five (35%) of rice rowing areas in the Philippines. At first, many farmers raised the snails in their backyards. It was thought as a good alternative food source of local communities and additional income too. After its introduction in the Philippines, the miracles of these are found as these are called, and have spread in the most parts of the country because they produce rapidly. These mollusks became the number one pests in the rice fields other than source of food. In controlling the increase of golden snail in the rice fields, there are so many commercial products used by farmers in controlling this pest. Indigenous plants such as adelfa have molluscicidal potencies. Adelfa could be found anywhere. This adelfa has a toxin and a poisonous substance. This is found in all parts of adelfa and in the sap. The effectiveness of adelfa in the control of the golden snail was determined and tested. All the growth stages of golden snails are controlled b the different concentrations of leaf extracts. With this a study was conducted to test the molluscicide potential of adelfa on golden sails. Statement of the problem
This study was conducted to determine the Molluscicidal Potential of Adelfa (Nerium Indicum mill) on Golden Snails (Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarok).

1. What is the effect of Adelfa to the Golden Snails?
2. What is the effect of the mixture of Adelfa and in varying concentration on golden snails?
3. What amount of mixture shows the best molluscidal potential?

Significance of the Study
Rice production in the Philippines is decreasing. We import rice from other countries to meet the demands of other people. Farmers observed that one of the destructive pests in the rice field is the golden snail or kuhol. At first, farmers harvest kuhol because it can be eaten. But, later on, they found out that it also fed the plants. Farmers use pesticide. But, pesticides are too expensive. That’s why it is important to conduct the research called Molluscicidal Potential of Adelfa on Golden Snails.
The formula is very economical, effective and comparable to golden snails. With this study conducted it would help many farmers to avail much cheaper and more effective golden snail killer. This study could also help prevent the occurrence of these disastrous rice plant eaters.

2
Scope and limitations
The study focused on the molluscicidal property of the different mixture of Adelfa prepared in a liquid concentration and was applied by hand spraying. Leaves, barks and the flowers of Adelfa plant were utilized.
Preparation of Adelfa was done using a weighing scale on gram form. Flowers barks and leaves of adelfa were weighed. The molluscicidal potential of different mixture was determined based in the percent morality of snails. The death of the animals was based on the exposure of the mantle used after 24 hours. The best mixture was based on the percent morality. The experiment was conducted in the rice fields under its natural condition.

3
Definition of terms

Oleander or Adelfa - is a common name for an evergreen shrub of dogbane family, native to the Mediterranean region of Europe. It has leathery leaves, which are opposite or in threes.
Lethal -harmful; causing disaster of destruction; deadly; certain to or intended to cause death.
Molluscicide -a chemical, that kills mollusks.
Snails (Golden snails) -a small organism, with a coiled shell, and a retractable muscular foot on which it crawls
Potential -having latent possibility or likelihood occurring or of becoming something; Expresses possibility.

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Chapter 2

Review of related literature

Adelfa (Nerium Indicum mill) is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, toxic in all its parts. It is the only species currently classified in the genus nerium. Adelfa or its common name oleander is widely cultivated that no precise regions of origin have been identified through southwest Asia where it has been suggested. Oleander is one of the most poisonous of commonly grown garden plants. nerium oleander has historically been considered a poisonous plant based on a number of its compounds that may exhibit toxicity especial to animals when consumed in high amount. This can easily cause death, either when eaten or, applied in the body. Adelfa plants have different properties some examples are their leaves and flowers, they are considered cardio tonic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic and expectorant. The plant believed to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and sedating, and anthelmintic effects. In human beings, toxicity manifests as nausea, vomiting, colic act and sometimes unconsciousness attributed to digitals and poisoning. Oleander refers to two plants species, which grow in temperate climates throughout the world. It contains chemicals called”cardiac glycosides” that have effects similar to the heart drug dioxin. It can be toxic when taken by amount with many documented reports on death. This have been tested some of these conditions are serious. The bark contains all the chemical the adelfa has; like glycosides, rosaginin, nerrin, volatile oil, etc. It has been tested that the toxicity of the plant can poison many animals and even humans. Oleander maybe very dangerous but, only in certain places such as the bark. The other parts of the, adelfa can actually cure some sickness like malaria, and dismenorrhea.
Adelfa also has many different uses like for ornamental, toxicity, its therapeutic efficacy, and its effect of poisoning and in medical treatment. For ornamental Oleander only grows well in warm subtropical regions. Where it is extensively nerium oleander has historically been considered a poisonous plant based on a number of its compounds that exhibit toxicity especially to animals. Toxicity from humans has been reported. It is said that is was due to the Ingestion of plant can include both gastrointestinal and cardiac effects. Oleander sap can cause skin irritations severe eye inflammation and irritation and also allergic reaction characterize by dermatitis. Poisoning to humans and animals from oleander plants require immediate medical care. Charcoal may also be administered to help absorb any remaining toxin. The best’s way to cure this poisoning is dioxin immune flab. Adelfa also studies the molluscicidal activity of nerium Indicum bark, it show that the bark, it show that the bark of Nerium Indicum mill as an important source of botanical molluscide as an effective, insecticide. It also studies the different bark preparations showed preparation varying degrees of time and dose dependent molluscicidal activity. Despite of the danger, oleander seeds and leaves are used to make medicine. It is used for heart conditions, asthma, epilepsy, cancer, and etc. All parts of the oleander that can poison any plant. So it says that oleander or Adelfa is only effective on human and animals.

6 Golden snail or its common name as kuhol which is applied to the molluscan family the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells. Snails are mollusks that destroy rice plants. It eats roots and newly planted rice. These types of snails were introduced in Indonesia. They were the earliest known types of animals in the world. Snails can also be harmful to plants specially the leaves and the roots tips. Average snails are pests to gardeners.A single snail are capable of producing up to 40 million in a single year.
These devastating impacts are caused by these snails. Farmers apply organic methods to help decrease the number of snails but can’t help it because these snails produce a lot and organic methods can be very expensive. It was also introduce in the Philippines with the hope of providing source for dietary improvement for many families. Golden Kuhol is considered as a threat to rice production. The snail meet provides energy-protein giving fat while shell contains calcium, phosphorus, vitamins, and etc. it can help rice fields by many ways of using golden snails with Adelfa Plant to lessen, losses of crops and to avoid expensive organic methods and to avail it in an easier, and cheaper way. This will surely improve the livelihood of the people work in the fields. It does not feed on mature plants. Golden snails cause significant damage to very young seedlings. Apart from this direct clause in rice yields, additional cost include of controlling the snail and replanting lost seedling. The snail can affect humans too. It harvests various parasitic worms that cause skin imitation and host to lungworms.

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Golden snails are important matter into animal material. As we say snail feed on higher plants. Snail also have components which are pigtailling of laser diodes, LED, photodiodes, etc. some snail have benefits like it speeds up cell regeneration, it also aids in ache and wand healing, It has great anti aging properties and is good source of food for humans. This would be a good study to test the Molluscicide potential of Adelfa on Golden snails.

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Chapter 3

Methodology

Materials

Golden snails Adelfa leaves, stem and flowers
Mortar and pestle
Bottle
Cloth

Procedure In testing the Molluscicial Potential of Adelfa on Golden snails; first Golden snails were collected amount of water by hand picking from the rice field. Then collected snails were placed in a pail with small amount of water from the same site. Flowers, leaves and young stem were utilized in this study. The flowers, leaves and young stems were collected from the garden. After collecting the Adelfa were washed up using clean tap water. This were collected and was placed in a bottled container. The mixture was then applied to the golden kuhol.

Flow Chart
Figure 1.0 Shows the procedure of Molluscicidal Potential of Adelfa (Nrium Indicum mill) on golden sanils (Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarok)