...Disorder Specific Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Interventions – WHM-M-030 Introduction The purpose of the paper is to discuss the current theory and empirical literature for using a transdiagnostic approach in cognitive behaviour therapy and it’s relevance in current practice. I will discuss the theory and evidence for using a transdiagnostic approach and highlight the main processes. A discussion on the strengths and limitations of the approach will conclude the first part of the paper. The second part will be a review of personal clinical work discussing the transdiagnostic process and its hypothesised effectiveness. To conclude the author will provide a personal reflection. There has been a long widely accepted claim for the effectiveness of CBT with prolific amount of evidence for it’s effectiveness for Depression, Anxiety and Mood disorders (Roth & Fongy, 1995) Models such as cognitive therapy for depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), panic disorder (Clark, 1986,), posttraumatic stress disorder (Clark & Ehlers, 2004); and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Salkovskis, 1989) have led to disorder-specific interventions for treating common mental health problems. The benefits of devising a model on specific disorders is the high degree of research and comparable data involved; from that the therapist will be highly trained in the use of the model to deliver the approach for each disorder (Salkovskis 2002). Disorder specific models are seen to be easily delivered...
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...Understanding its Global Impact Lecture 7 1. The Integrative approach to understanding leadership: Charismatic, Transformational, Servant 2. Application of Leadership theory to case study – Kevin Rudd What to study for next TEST 2? • Lecture notes - Week 4 to Week 7 • Book Format of Test? • Multiple questions – 10 questions • Subjective question- 1 question • 40 minutes • Will start at 9.15 am / 2.15 pm 1 26/04/2015 QUIZ • How does situational leadership theory build on behavioural leadership theory? 4 Suggested answer: Example of Situational building on Behavioural is Hersey’s model Situational leadership theory builds on the behavioural theory as it introduces the idea that the most appropriate leadership style should be a combination of: • task • relations-oriented behaviour And that key factors in the work situation will determine the emphasis on task and relations behaviour in each combination We now have four possible leadership styles: (See diagram next slide) 5 Situational theory expanding on Behaviour/Style theory Leadership behaviour/style orientation Task Relations Both should be either High/Low – depending on follower maturity 6 2 26/04/2015 Example of Situational building on Behavioural is Hersey’s model Q: What is the right amount of emphasis on task & relations? Ans: It depends on the situation Q: According to Hersey, what is the ‘situation’? Ans: Main...
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...Chapter 16: Market efficiency: Concept of market efficiency An efficient market has been defined as one in which the prices of securities fully reflect all available information. This requires that the reaction of the market prices to new information should be instantaneous and unbiased. If such conditions exist, it will not be possible (except by chance) to employ either past information or a mechanical trading strategy to generate returns in excess of the returns warranted by the level of risk involved. In short, consistent excess profits will not be made. Or in an efficient market it is not possible to consistently make an abnormal return. Statement 1 What would cause a market to be efficient? The main argument in support of efficiency is the existence of a competitive market in which numerous investors are competing in an effort to make abnormal returns. It is suggested that, in such a market, investors will seek information and take immediate action to buy or sell securities based on any new information. As a result, information will be impounded very quickly in market prices. Market efficiency may be improved by an increase in the quantity and quality of information that is made publicly available, and a reduction in restrictions on insider trading. Statement 1 * New information regarding securities comes to the market in random fashion. * Profit maximising investors cause security prices to adjust rapidly to reflect the effect of new information. ...
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...TASK: Using examples clearly distinguish between the following. a) Clinical psychology, Health psychology, psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine b) Show how the other three are interrelated with health psychology Clinical psychology is both a health care profession , and a health-related scientific discipline (Carr, 2012). As a profession clinical psychology involves using clinical judgement to apply knowledge from the scientific discipline in clinical practice with clients and patients. Clinical practice involves the assessment, treatment and prevention of psychological problems in a range of populations. For example helping a boy who is failing in school and defiant with his parents and teachers; helping a woman with depression regulate her mood more effectively; helping a family of a person whose psychotic whose psychotic symptoms have been reduced through using medication to develop a supportive style to prevent relapse. Scientific knowledge about clinical psychology is developed through initial academic training, ongoing continuing professional development and research. As a scientific discipline, clinical psychology entails research conducted to find out how best to understand, assess, treat and prevent psychological problems and also to find out how widespread psychological problems are (Carr, 2012). The result of clinical psychology research provides information for planning services for whole populations, and evaluating and treating individual cases in evidence-based...
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...Reflective Statement During the course of my studies in Behavioural Health Science unit we had the opportunity to propose, for a case study, a solution/s for some issues at a mental health hospital that were occuring in one of its wards. There were varied issues of concern within the ward including those relating to nurse injuries and resident aggression, ward facilities and those relating to widespread use of PRN and seclusion and restraint. Our group's main focus was on patients and the use of PRN and seclusion and restraint. In the course of doing the assignment and having had exposure working in an aged care facility, I found seclusion and restraint as one issue that featured prominently in my mind. Residents, often have dementia and pose a great deal of problems with aggression especially physical and verbal aggression. One issue is how to deal with these? At the aged care facility, often times they are strapped in lap belts or in the extreme they are given medication so they can "rest". I found this compared very similarly to what was in the case study. Further, only the other day while on my shift a certain patient, who I had only just met, was screaming and shouting. He had indicated he needed the toilet and according to the care plan he had to be hoisted in order to do this. The resident would have none of it!! He insisted he can stand up by holding on bars in the toilet on his own. My buddy and I, had an issue in our hands on how we could handle this? I have learnt...
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...Compare and contrast how Skinner and Harlow have used non-human animals in behavioural research. The following essay will compare and contrast how skinner and Harlow have used non-human animals in behavioural research. Skinner and Harlow are very well known for their great experiments and showing through behavioural research that non human animals can be used and show results and prove points. This essay will examine evidence from both sides of the controlled animal experiments and explain the results. Mainly this essay will focus on the similarities and differences between the two researchers. Skinner was born in 1904 and worked most of his career at Harvard University and had a great belief that science of behaviour with positive reinforcement could save the world’s problems. On the other hand Harlow was born in 1905 and wanted to show that most infants bond with soft and warm objects that provide comfort or one that provides them with food. Although these experiments show great points, when considering these in real life human situations, things would not necessarily show the same results and there are currently still great debates on non human animal use in experiments. Many people argue that animals do not conduct great research when linking to humans and find that real life situations are changing all the time and things wouldn’t always be the same. How Harlow and Skinner have conducted their research is very informative as they clearly show how experiments can be done...
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...behaviour? * Can somebody learn to be an addict? * How might explanations of addiction differ for different addictions? What you need to know MODELS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOUR | EXPLANATIONS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOUR | * Biological, behavioural (learning), and cognitive models of addictive behaviour | * Biological, behavioural (learning), and cognitive explanations for initiation, maintenance, and relapse * Specific explanations of particular addictions including smoking and gambling | MODELS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOUR The models of addictive behaviour attempt to explain the causes and thereby offer insights into how an addiction develops. The assumptions as to the causes of addiction also affect the approach taken to treatment. Biological model of addictive behaviour According to this model, the main causes of addictive behaviour are biological factors within the individual, for example, a neurochemical imbalance or a genetic predisposition towards addictive behaviour. Thus, the vulnerability to develop an addiction may be inherited and family studies are used to support this explanation. Thus approach assumes that addiction has physical causes and can therefore only be cured through medicine. Behavioural (learning) model of addictive behaviour This model is based on the principles of learning and the assumption that all behaviour is learned through association (classical conditioning), reinforcement (operant conditioning), or social learning (social...
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...BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS AND CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS IN COMMUNICATION MARKETS A report prepared for the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) in connection with the public inquiry “Reconnecting the Customer” by Dr Patrick Xavier* Adjunct Professor of Economics & Finance, Curtin University Business School. May 2011 * Dr Patrick Xavier BEc (Hons), M.A., M.Ec, PhD is Director of Info-Comm Strategies and Adjunct Professor of Economics, Curtin Business School, Curtin University of Technology, Australia. Dr Xavier has published widely and has had extensive experience as a consultant to national and international agencies on regulatory reform in the (tele)communications sector, including the OECD, ITU, World Bank and APEC. He was part of the OECD’s regulatory reform team that visited a range of countries to advise on regulatory reform in major industrialised and emergent economies. He has undertaken work in Hong Kong and in a range of developing countries, including Lao PDR, Romania, Armenia, Vietnam, Pakistan, Pacific Islands, Thailand, Bhutan and China. He can be contacted at: poxavier@gmail.com Disclaimer. The views in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the ACMA. © BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS AND CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS IN COMMUNICATION MARKETS Executive summary 4 1. INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 Purpose of this report 10 1.2 Customer complaints in the...
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...The first part of a larger study into organisations’ use of structured interviewing techniques. Discusses reasons for continued popularity of interviewing in selection, despite its shortcomings. Considers the use of two structured interviewing techniques to improve selection: behavioural and situational questioning. Presents the findings of a large scale survey of UK organisations’ use of these techniques. The use of structured interviewing is rapidly increasing and is used by all sizes of organisation. Behavioural interviewing is being used more than situational interviewing, and many respondents use both techniques. Structured techniques are most commonly used for management posts. Discusses links with competency based HRM and roles of line managers and HR specialists in selection. Areas for further research are outlined. Introduction Interviewing is still the most commonly used method of selection in employment, in spite of the fact that many studies have shown it to be a very flawed technique. Given the preference of managers and human resource practitioners for interviewing, structured interviewing techniques have been suggested as a means of improving validity. Much of the research into these interviewing techniques is experimental in nature, and the aim of the present study was to identify and explore the use of two particular structured interviewing techniques by various organisations in the UK. This is seen as the first stage of a larger study. The next stage will provide...
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...marketing. Through the tutorials, I have learnt that STP sets the base of the entire marketing effort. Segmentation divides the market through demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation. It clearly defines the boundaries of the different market opportunities that one may want to develop in. Targeting involves evaluating the different market segments and then choosing the best target market(s) which are feasible and in line with the company’s goals. Positioning creates a value proposition which represent a set of differences or competitive advantages that differentiates the product, delivering more customer value. STP aids one in creating a product that is based on a customer-driven marketing strategy. In this aspect, I believe that my team has done relatively well. By understanding STP, my team was able to use multiple segmentation bases (Demographic, Psychographic and Behavioural) to define our target market. This enables us to better understand our key customer segments in order to target them more efficiently. Through this project, I firmly believe that we must almost always, in any situation, use multiple segmentation bases to better define our target segments. When segmenting the market, it is highly possible that we may unconsciously generate stereotypes. A perfect example of this was discussed in one of the...
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...to explain the relationship between one’s behaviour to use sun protective measure and their intentions. The TPB facilitates that social factors, perceived barriers/control and attitudes all play a role in deciding whether certain behaviours will be performed (Ajzen, 1991; Hardeman et al, 2002). Many studies have adapted the TPB to predict participant’s intentions to use sun protective measures (Hillhouse et al, 2000; James et al, 2002) and the general norm has validated the TPB as a suitable predictor of intention towards sun-safe behaviours (Araujo-Soares et al, 2012; Bachleda et al,...
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...Emotional Behaviour and Academic Achievement in Middle School Children Nazar Hussain Soomro and Jane Clarbour Department of Psychology, University of York, USA The present study investigates the relationship between emotional behaviour and academic achievement in middle school children in Hyderabad, Pakistan. One hundred and forty-six students of grade 8 completed the Emotional Behavioural Scale for Pakistani Adolescents (EBS-PA; Soomro, 2010), and rendered measures of their social anxiety, malevolent aggression, and social self-esteem scores. These measures cumulatively represented emotional behaviour in these children, based upon Clarbour and Roger‟s (2004) model of emotional style, on which the EBS-PA scale is based. We then ascertained academic grades of these students from their school records and ran correlation between academic achievement (grades) and emotional behaviour measures. Results revealed academic achievement to be negatively associated with malevolent aggression, but positively related to social self-esteem. In addition, mediator analysis indicated social self-esteem to partially mediate the relationship between malevolent aggression and academic achievement. Keywords: emotional behaviour, academic achievement, adolescents, Pakistani There is robust evidence that emotional and behavioural problems are related with academic difficulties (Arnold, 1997; Hinshaw, 1992). These associations predict school drop-out rate, academic failure, delinquency, drug abuse,...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assignment Two Contents What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? Page 4 Possible Symptoms of ADHD Page 5-6 Possible Causes of ADHD Page 7-10 Possible Treatments for ADHD Page 11-12 Medication for ADHD Page 13 Evaluation Page 14 Conclusion Page 15 Bibliography Page 16-17 Introduction As part of the assessment in my Psychology module, my tutor has asked me to select an illness for my second assignment. The assignment must be informative and well researched. I am expected to cover the basics of the illness. I have decided to do my assignment on (ADHD) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, I have chosen this disorder as I have not got much knowledge or proper understanding of it and would like to educate myself more and file it in my brain with all the other illnesses/disorders I do know about. ADHD is a well known disorder yet there seems to be a lot of confusion on the topic also. Within the assignment I plan to research the topic to the best of my ability through media, books, magazine, internet and organisations where it is possible. I will cover the causes, symptoms, treatments, look into help groups and centres, my aim is to get a clearer understanding of how the disorder comes about...
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...Self control procedures used in therapeutic psychology Self control procedures are cognitive and behavioural skills used by individuals to maintain self motivation and achieve personal goals. They are defined by Ruch (1984) as “procedures that involve the growing emphasis on asking people to set up personal systems of rewards and punishments to shape their own thoughts and actions.” The goal of self control procedures is to reduce behavioural deficiencies or behavioural excesses. They help individuals become aware of their own patterns of behaviour and to alter those patterns so that the behaviour will be more or less likely to occur. They are used by people who are dissatisfied with certain aspects of their lives for instance one may feel they smoke too much, exercise to little, or have difficulty controlling anger. Self control procedures include aspects like self monitoring and stimulus control and follow a particular process. Self control procedures are based primarily on the social cognitive theory of Albert Bandura. According to Bandura, ones behaviour is influenced by a variety of factors including one’s own thoughts and beliefs and elements in the environment. Self control procedures are useful for a wide range of concerns including medical, addictions, occupational and psychological. However self control procedures when used in situations where symptoms are severe, should be used in conjunction with other therapies. The self control procedures follow certain step...
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...Finland University of Murcia, Spain Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Purpose: Smartphones facilitate the potential adoption of new mobile applications. The purpose of this research is to study users and non-users of three selected mobile applications, and find out what really drives the intention to use these applications across users and non-users. Design/methodology/approach: The authors measured actual usage of mobile applications in a panel study of 579 Finnish smartphone users, using in-device measurements as an objective way to identify users and non-users. A web-based survey was used in collecting data to test an extended TAM model in explaining intention to use. Findings: Perceived technological barriers negatively affect behavioural control, reflecting people’s assessment of themselves being capable of using the services without trouble. Behavioural control is directly linked to perceived usefulness (except for games) and perceived enjoyment, as hypothesized. Perceived enjoyment and usefulness were generically found to explain intention to use applications for both users and for non-users. Research limitations/implications: With regards to the impact of social norms, the study finds that further research needs to be done in exploring its impact more thoroughly. The dataset of the research, consisting purely of male-dominated, young smartphone users, make the generalization of results difficult. Practical implications:...
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