... InsIght Into the onlIne CapItal BerlIn With contributions from Alexander Kudlich, Ansgar Oberholz, Michael Brehm, Mathias Döpfner, Carsten Maschmeyer, Christian Reber, Jan Beckers, Fabian Heilemann, Fabian Siegel, Florian Heinemann, Ijad Madisch, Jens Begemann, Klaus Hommels, Lukasz Gadowski, Joel Kaczmarek and 85 other great minds. „ BerlIn has the most potentIal of all CItIes In europe“ peteR tHIeL * Peter Thiel, Former CEO of PayPal, first investor of Facebook and partner of the venture capital firm, Founders Fund. ENJOY BERLIN VALLEY! HUNDERT IS A PROJECT FROM BERLINVALLEY.COM DAILY NEWS FROM THE BERLIN ONLINE SCENE WHAT A gREAT FAMILY: HIRE! WE MODEL: JENNIFER IRMLER (WWW.MODEL-FABRIk.COM) PHOTO: MAx THRELFALL (WWW.THRELFALL-gOERS.DE) MAkEUP: BIANCA BENSCH (FACEBOOk.COM/BENSCHBIANCA) OUTFIT WITH FRIENDLY SUPPORT FROM PEPE JEANS (NEUE SCHöNHAUSER STRASSE) WE ARE LOOkINg FOR COOL INTERNS AND EDITORS, MALE OR FEMALE. CAREER CHANgERS WELCOMED. APPLY WITH 100 WORDS OR LESS AT PIMPMYFUTURE@WHY-BERLIN.COM the hundert Register now, and receive every issue by mail for free! introduCtion Klaus Wowereit KlauS WoWereit haS been the governing mayor of berlin Since 2001, and the longeSt Serving head of government in office of any german State. Governing Mayor of Berlin Hundert Continues as a series! We are very excited about the response that “Hundert – insight on the Online Capital Berlin” has received. Therefore, we have decided...
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...HIST-410 | The Berlin Wall | [Type the document subtitle] | | Alina Nazar | 12/4/2014 | | The fall of the Berlin Wall has triggered much controversy and plays a major part in the shaping of the modern political ideology and beliefs. The specific date of the descent of the Berlin encasement wall was the 10th of November, 1989. The wall took 3 hours to fall and between 125-206 people died trying to cross the wall. There were many tourists participating who could hire axes to hit the wall and contribute to the atmosphere. The fall of the Berlin Wall occurred when the people of East Berlin had had enough. The fall of the Berlin Wall also marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of a new life for the Germans. Border crossing points all along the wall were opened to anyone who wanted to cross on 9 November 1989 which ended the conclusion of an international press conference in East Berlin when greater freedom of travel was announced for people of the German Democratic Republic. The fall of the Berlin Wall was a key movement in the history of Europe as it was the symbol of the end of the Cold War. The European Union and NATO were able to expand in pace when Europe was no longer divided into East and West. The power in the world changed when the Cold War ended. A truce between the nuclear threats of two superpowers the USA and the Soviet Union was created as soon as the Berlin Wall fell also preventing both superpowers from dominating the world. Europe...
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...texts from the material in the collection Die Berliner Moderne, 1885-1914. 2. ‘Tatsächlich ist es die Erfahrung der Großstadt Berlin, die Konfrontation eines in der Provinz herangebildeten kleinbürgerlichen Bewußtseins mit der Hektik, der Unübersichtlichkeit, den Massenmenschen, dem Elend der industrialisierten Metropole, aus denen die Entstehung der künstlerischen Moderne, ihr unklarer und widersprüchlicher Charakter verstanden werden können.’ (Jürgen Schutte and Peter Sprengel). Discuss with reference to a representative selection of texts or visual material produced before 1930 that you have studied on the module. 3. ‘Die psychologische Grundlage, auf der der Typus großstädtischer Individualitäten sich erhebt, ist die Steigerung des Nervenlebens, die aus dem raschen und ununterbrochenen Wechsel äußerer und innerer Eindrücke hervorgeht.’ (Georg Simmel). Analyse the significance of Simmel’s essay ‘Die Großstädte und das Geistesleben’ of 1903 for an understanding of Walther Ruttmann’s film Berlin. Die Sinfonie der Großstadt. 4. Compare and contrast the representation of modernity and the urban metropolis in Walther Ruttmann’s film Berlin. Die Sinfonie der Großstadt and a representative selection of texts or visual material produced before 1930 that you have studied on this module. 5. Does the technical complexity of Döblin’s novel Berlin...
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...The Fall of the Berlin Wall The berlin wall was built in nineteen sixty one. While the country was split in half because of the issues that was going on the East side of Germany and things was going down hill. They wanted to escape so they wouldn't have to deal with all the bad things that was going on. But during the Cold War that was raging on West Berlin was a get away place the East side of Germany fled to the west side. Because of that issue the West side built a wall to keep out the East side Germany. The article and the video states they wanted to celebrate the fall of the Berlin Wall. Both statements said that they were happy and felt more free that the Berlin Wall fell and they had more access to people and more ability to go...
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...The rise of the Berlin Wall physically began the morning of August 13th 1961, but the separation of East and West Germany began years before. The life span of the wall lasted until November 9th 1989, just a mere 28 years later. The purpose of the Berlin wall was to separate the East and the West sides of Germany. The result of WWII divided Germany into zones; those zones were given to Great Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union. The rise and the fall of the Berlin Wall were key moments in our global history, as it was a series of events that shaped a country. World War II was a success in conquering Germany; The Potsdam Agreement officially broke up Germany into 4 zones. The furthest South was the United States territory, the Southwest territory belonged to the French, the British were in control of the Northwest Territory and Soviets had the East. This division was eventually broken down into a division of the West and East Germany, the West part of Germany was called composed of the United States, France and Great Britain, and was also known as the Federal Republic of Germany. The East side of Germany was the Soviet Union’s portion after the Potsdam Agreement; this side was also known as the German Democratic Republic. The West side of the berlin wall was very different than the East. The west side was the one that sought after to live in by the people of the East side. After the war and the separation of Germany between the four countries West Germany...
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...7. Berlin Wall What made people fight for change and press the German/German wall to fall down in 1989? How did it effect the lives of West and East Germans? Are East Germans more free now? How would you explain the reasons for the phenomen of "Ostalgia" (people longing back to the former DDR) that is nowadays living in Eastern Germany? Why did I choose this topic? I think it is very interesting that after twenty years there are still so many problems with East Germany. Why there still is a higher unemployment rate in East Germany than in West Germany, and why people want to go back to the time of the Berlin wall (ostalgia). The fall of the Berlin wall influent the lives of the West and East Germans both on different ways where the East Germans got freedom what they never had before and West Germans got influence of new people of a new culture. But how can effect this still after 20 years? Why is there still such a difference between East and West, did not the western people though to easily that the East Germans will assimilate easy, did the East Germans got the time and the chance to build up a new life in reunited Germany? All those problems I think is very interesting, how people think and act. Proposition: They should never built a new Berlin wall, nobody will end happy than. You can understand on some way that people want to go back in time, because of the good things: education, health care. But the people forget that there was also the Stasi. East Germans...
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...Once the proud capital of Germany Berlin was divided by a barrier that was patrolled day and night by armed soldiers and guard dogs. On August 13, 1961 shortly after midnight police and soldiers in the Communist controlled Berlin moved quickly to set up barriers. Berliners woke to find their city divided into east and west sectors. A communist nation led by the Soviet Union was in control of East Berlin. While West Berlin was controlled by a democratic nation led by the United States (Epler, 1992). The Berlin Wall known as Berliner Mauer in German (Rosenberg, 2016). It was a symbol of the Cold War. Trying to cross the Wall meant risking one’s life. One side of the Wall people were free to do all the normal things. While the other side of the wall people’s freedom was being taken away. Imagine that your best friend lives a mile away. You have been pals since first grade. You do everything together: school, soccer games, sleepovers. One day, men come and put up a barbed-wire fence between your house and your buddy’s house. Later, they replace it with a very long, very tall concrete wall. Each slab weighs 6,000 pounds, and many of them are topped with sharp wire. When they finish, you stare at the giant wall that has split your home town in two. On your side the wall is ugly but not too scary. On the other side, rattling tanks, soldiers with machine guns and growling dogs keep people from trying to cross the barrier. The wall stands 12 feet high. Your friend...
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...Global Trade. This report depicts the sequences of Berlin Wall. The Berlin Wall, erected November 13, 1961, served to separate communist East Germany from Western influences. Intended to "protect" East Germans, the wall actually was erected to prevent them from leaving the country. The Wall finally came down August 13, 1989, reuniting families and symbolizing the end of the cold war was near. The initial plans for Allied occupation of Germany were prepared in 1944 in London by the European Advisory Commission. In this agreement, Germany would be divided into four occupational zones governed by Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union. The city of Berlin, which would be in the Soviet occupational zone, would be divided among the four powers as well. By the time of the blockade, there was a major contrast between the East and West Berlin. West Berlin was a thriving democratic, capitalist city, while East Berlin was in drab poverty. Trying to escape the forced collectivization of goods and agriculture, numerous shortages, and a police state, many fled to West Berlin. To maintain the stability of the communist regime, the East German leaders felt that these floods of people had to be stopped. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………..….3 1.1 Summary of the Berlin Wall…………………………………….……..3 1.2 Background…………………………………………………………...
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...The Battle of Berlin, designated the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, was the final major offensive of the European Theatre of World War II. The Soviet offensive central had two objectives. Stalin did not believe the Western Allies would hand over territory occupied by them in the post-war Soviet. But the overriding objective was to capture Berlin. Another consideration was that Berlin itself held useful post-war strategic assets, including Adolf Hitler and the German atomic bomb program. On 20 March, General Gotthard Heinrici was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Vistula. He immediately started to lay defensive plans. Heinrici arranged to fortify the Seelow Heights which overlooked the Oder River. German engineers turned the Oder's flood plain, already into a swamp by releasing the water from a reservoir upstream. The engineers built three belts of defensive emplacements reaching back towards the outskirts of Berlin. These lines consisted of anti-tank ditches, anti-tank gun emplacements, and an extensive network of trenches and bunkers. After a long resistance, East Prussia finally fell to the Red Army. This freed up Marshal Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front to move west to the east bank of the Oder river. Marshal Georgy Zhukov concentrated his 1st Belorussian Front, which had been deployed along the Oder river from Frankfurt in the south to the Baltic, into an area in front of the Seelow Heights. To the south, Marshal Konev shifted the...
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...delivered their Berlin ultimatum, demanding that the western allies should withdraw their troops from West Berlin and that West Berlin should become a "Free City" within six months. On 1959-02-17, the threat of settling a separate peace treaty between the USSR the GDR followed. The meeting between US President Kennedy and the Prime Minister of the USSR, Khrushchev, on 1961-06-03/04 in Vienna ended without any noticeable results. Generally, measures of the government of the GDR were expected with the aim of preventing people from leaving the GDR. At an international press conference on June 15, 1961, Walter Ulbricht (the leader of the east German communist party, SED, and President of the Privy Council) answered to the question of a journalist: "I understand your question as follows: there are people in West Germany who want us to mobilize the construction workers of the GDR to build a wall. I am not aware of any such plans... No one has the intention of constructing a wall." Construction of the Wall Early in the morning of Sunday, August 13, 1961, the GDR began under the leadership of Erich Honecker to block off East Berlin and the GDR from West Berlin by means of barbed wire and antitank obstacles. Streets were torn up, and barricades of paving stones were erected. Tanks gathered at crucial places. The subway and local railway services between East and West Berlin were interrupted. Inhabitants of East Berlin and the GDR were no longer allowed to enter West Berlin, amongst...
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...Commemorating the Berlin Airlift Events to mark the 60th anniversary of the end of the Berlin Airlift, and the outstanding contribution of UK Armed Forces throughout the campaign began yesterday (12 May) in Berlin. At the start of the Berlin Blockade, before the Airlift started, West Berlin had just thirty-five days’ worth of food, and forty-five days’ worth of coal. Without the involvement of the Allied Armed Forces, West Berlin would have been lost and the nature of post-war Europe would have altered significantly. British aircraft flew spent more than 210,000 hours in the air, the equivalent of 24 man years, and flew more than 30 million miles, which equates to flying to the moon and back 63 times. During the Airlift, British military and civilian aircraft lifted more than 540,000 tons. This included food, coal, liquid fuel, military equipment and other items, such as metal girders to rebuild the bridges in the city destroyed during the Second World War. The airlift sustained the population of West Berlin, at that time estimated to be around two million. Their daily requirement for food alone was 900 tons of potatoes; 641 tons of flour; 106 tons of meat and fish, 105 tons of cereals and so on, amounting altogether to some 1,800 to 2,000 tons of food alone every day. Nearly 45 per cent of the food and supplies taken in to Berlin were flown in British aircraft. Alongside the population of Berlin, there were also many Servicemen and women with their families stationed...
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...Use your own knowledge to assess how far the Sources support the interpretation that in building the Berlin Wall the German Democratic Republic was mainly concerned to prevent the fleeing of East Germans to the West. To stop the East German skill drain to the West that was threatening the economic survival of the DDR. E explicitly supports this view and A could be said to hint at it ‘sucking on our workers’ and peasants’ republic’. Own knowledge could allude to the fact the numbers leaving the DDR increased because of a renewed drive to agricultural collectivisation. The wall would close off their last escape route to the West. The figures of those leaving in the first half of 1961 was 200,000, threatening to top the previous record of 300,000 during the disturbed year of 1953 which also saw renewed oppression in the aftermath of the June uprising. A reaction to Western subversion. This is supported by Sources A and C and commented upon as the official line in E. Fear of penetration of DDR air space by the West is expressed in B. Source D suggests that westerners can buy cheap goods in the East, however, this implies opportunism and not subversion. Own knowledge could argue that the West and the Federal Republic poured large sums into West Berlin to make it a magnet and a showcase of Western capitalism. West German television was broadcast into the East. This would suggest, if not subversion, at least an attempt to undermine Communist...
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...Erick Fimbo Jan Gane English 1050-028 November 15, 2013 The Fall of the Berlin Wall For twenty-eight years, the Berlin Wall separated friends, families, and a nation. Between 1961 and 1989, the Wall was one of the most striking and distinctive features of Berlin. The Berlin Wall was a border security installation built by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) on August 12, 1961. The Wall was to protect the GDR from aggressive acts by the west. In reality, the Wall functioned as a barrier to stem the huge migration of skilled laborers to West Berlin and the entire Western Germany. During the standing of this Wall, the people from East and West Berlin had no interaction with each other, and this brought pains and poverties in both sides of country because they depend on each other’s activities in order to survive. On the night of November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall, the most potent symbol of the Cold War division of Europe, eventually came down, and the fall of this wall was the peak point of the revolutionary changes within the country of Germany and those were involved. According to Ted Kelly article, “Politics, People and the Berlin Crisis: June-August, 1961”. After World War II in 1945, the Allies, who won the war, divided the country of Germany into four sections, each under the control of an ally. The countries who made up the Ally control were the United States, Great Britain, France, and Russia. The United States, British, and French sectors combined to form a democratic...
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...History of the Berlin Wall Eastin Bartholio Modern History Dr. Mallon May 6, 2013 The construction of the Berlin Wall was an actual feature that split Berlin into two parts: East and West Berlin. East Berlin had a communistic ruling and West Berlin had a democratic ruling enabling the West to get stronger. When the wall fell it freed East Berlin allowing them to join together with their other half, West Berlin. The building of the wall physically separated Berlin making it weaker, but with the wall falling it allowed Berlin’s halves come together making their future much brighter. Even before the wall was built East and West Berlin were separated. They were separated because after WWII. Germany’s land was given up to the two superpowers: The Unites States of America and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union got the east and the United States got the west. Giving part of Berlin to each of these superpowers caused separation because the U.S.A is democratic and the Soviet Union is not. As John F. Kennedy said, “There are many people in the world who really do not understand-or say they don’t-what is the great issue between the free world and the communist world. Let them come to Berlin!” Unfortunately when the land was given away it split Berlin in half creating their separation before it was physically separated. Yes, before the wall was built there was conflict between East and West Berlin, but at least the border between them was open to all people...
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...To what extent was the fall of the Berlin Wall a result rather than a cause of the end of the Cold war? The dismantling of the Berlin Wall in Nov 1989 was one of the most symbolic acts of the Cold War. It was a symbol of the changes that had swept through Europe in 1989 and of the end of the divisions that had marked the essential character of the CW: the ideological split between capitalism and communism. In 1989, the DDR was 4o years old and the East German leadership was prepared to celerbraite its anniversary. At what should have been an event to consolidate the country, the tide was turning against the regime. Gorbachevs reforms had important consequences for the existence of E germany as a separate country. The DDR was a product of Cold War tensions, which had prevented the unification of Germany after WW2. Without these tensions there seemed little reason for Germany to remain divided. Honecker recognized that the DDR could still have a reason to exist if it remained socialist and therefore different from W Germany. Honecker was not in favour of any reform, but the E german population could not be isolated from events in the rest of euope. Large numbers of East Germans had fled from the counrty via Hungary during the summer of 1989, but even more serious for the government were those who were staying put. Gorbys reforms of communism in the Usr had encouraged many E Germanys to push for change. Political groups were formed with huge crowds of demonstrators shouting...
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