...taking into account the organisations ‘unique problems (Lee, 2012), environmental forces and workforce’ (Allen & Macklin, 2012, p. 22). This essay will look at three different change management interventions, employee stress and wellness intervention, reward systems intervention and goal setting intervention, and will then assess the strengths and weaknesses of each intervention, taking into account which one will be the best option for addressing some of the problems identified. The goal setting intervention, as the chosen intervention, will then be analysed, addressing what resistance may be expected upon its implementation at Office Tigers, the best way to overcome this resistance, and how to know if it the intervention has been successfully institutionalized into the organisation and as a result, has improved its performance and effectiveness (Cummings & Worley, 2008, p. 161). Analysis of selected interventions Each of the interventions that will be critically analysed are human resources (HR) management interventions. A HR management intervention aims to solve the problems created by HR issues. These issues revolve around ‘attracting competent people to the organisation, setting goals for them, appraising and rewarding their performance, and ensuring that they develop their careers and manage stress’ (Cummings & Worley, 2008, p. 154 para. 6). Each of these interventions are appropriate and beneficial on an individual or group level. Employee Stress and Wellness...
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...management. However, this essay will not discuss about the mentioned methods but to focus on the goal setting method. The main purpose of this essay is to analyze the impact of goal setting in improving employee performance as well as to make some recommendations to enhance the implication and effectiveness of goal setting strategy. Goal setting analysis The manager of the Human Resource department of the company has listed the four key points of goal setting strategy which are: * Goal setting process * Types of goals * Levels of goals * Interim review and feedback This part of the essay will analyze these four key aspects of the goal setting strategy by indicating evidences from previous research and journal articles. Following is the analysis of four key points of the goal-setting strategy. Goal setting process The explanation of the goal setting process from the point of view of the manager is that employees will “be assigned” “specific goals” from managers based on the company’s business performance and annual plan. So in this part of the essay, there will be two important questions that need to be addressed: * Will the specific goals improve employee performance more than non-specific goals? * Will the assigned goals improve employee performance more than participatory goals? The analysis of goal specificity According to Locke et.al (1989) goals that are specific usually motivate employee’s...
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...Chapter 5 Case – “Ford Motor Company” Instructor: Professor Pamela McLaughlin Course: Management of Concepts – BUS 302 Date: July 17, 2011 * This case outlines 4 strategic options Ford is pursuing to increase its profitability. Describe each of the 4 options. For each option list 2 criteria you would use to evaluate the option. The four strategic option that Ford Motor Company might pursue to increase its profitability is to (1) close down older plants in an effort to realign production and sales, (2) move the company to produce only smaller cars, eliminating or sharply reducing the SUV and truck lines, (3) take a dramatic step of dramatically reducing their North American presence and focus their efforts on international markets where they have been very successful, and (4) sell the entire PAG group, letting someone else figure out how to make money selling so few vehicles a year (Case Study, para. 3). When looking at any strategic plan, one needs to identify the decision criteria. Decision criteria are the standards used to guide judgment and decisions, states Chick Williams in Management. Naturally, the more criteria a possible solution meets, the better that solution will be. Two of the criteria that Ford would need to consider if taking the option to close down older plants would be, buying out workers (severance agreement) and dealing with the political implications of a closure. A buy-out agreement results from the collective bargaining process between...
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...Goal Setting Theory Goal setting involves establishing specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-targeted (S.M.A.R.T ) goals. Work on the theory of goal-setting suggests that it is an effective tool for making progress by ensuring that participants in a group with a common goal are clearly aware of what is expected from them. On a personal level, setting goals helps people work towards their own objectives—most commonly with financial or career-based goals. Figure 1 Goals that are difficult to achieve and specific tend to increase performance more than goals that are not. A goal can become more specific through quantification or enumeration (such as by stating "... increase productivity by 50%") or by defining certain tasks that must be completed. Goals in Business (Motivation) In business, goal setting encourages participants to put in substantial effort (Figure 2). Also, because every member has defined expectations for their role, little room is left for inadequate effort to go unnoticed. Managers cannot constantly drive motivation, or keep track of an employee’s work on a continuous basis. Goals are therefore an important tool for managers, because goals have the ability to function as a self-regulatory mechanism that gives an employee a certain amount of guidance. Shalley, Locke, and Latham have distilled four mechanisms through which goal setting can affect individual performance: 1. Goals focus attention toward goal-relevant activities and away from...
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...Goal Setting Discover What You Want in Life and Achieve It Faster than You Think Possible ¿Que es Goal Setting? Goal setting is the process of writing down specific, measurable, and time-targeted objectives. You figure out want you want, you write your desires down, and then you work towards achieving them. Benefits and Importance of Goal Setting Without goals or a destination, you are like a heat seeking missile with no heat to seek. In addition to letting go of the chains that pull you in every direction, another benefit of goal setting is that it naturally helps you stay away from the circumstances you want to avoid in life. Goals allow you to take control. Instead of living life by chance, you live by choice – you choose your own outcome and select your own course of action. Time Frames Immediate Immediate refers to the next few weeks. These goals refer to the exigencies of day to day life. These are things that you cannot put off for a later time and are typically the easiest to measure, or at the very least, easiest to determine when you have done your best. Intermediate Intermediate goals refer to the next few months. Though you have heard the famous marketing slogan: Where Do You Want to be in … Years, you have not likely heard it phrased as the next few months. Long-term Long-term goals refer to the next few years and are by far the most typical. When self-help gurus preach about goal setting, usually they are preaching about setting long-term...
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...Reinforcement versus Goal Theory Lorraine Patterson OMM 625 Learning Organizations & Effectiveness Professor Renee Hill January 30, 2012 According to Edwin Locke the goal setting theory is a tool used for motivation. The theory states that goal setting is linked to task performance. The goal states “specifically challenging employees while using feedback will contribute to a higher and better performance while completing a task.”(Pane, S) The idea of working towards an accomplishment of a goal is a primary source of job motivation. Following successful performance, individuals gain confidence and will set higher goals. Research suggest that difficult goals will create a high level of performance than having to work on easy goals that, for which the challenges will allow an employee to feel that they did their best. Goal setting theory is broken down in the following manner. Managers must be specific and clear, as well as realistic yet challenging. Appropriate feedback of results directs employee to behave and contribute to a better performance. Feedback will gain reputation will develop clarification of a goal as well as regulate difficulties. (Sayer, S) Employee participation of setting goals is more acceptable and lead to more involvement. According to Sameed Sayer, the advantages of Goal Setting theory are as follows: * Goal setting theory is a technique used to raise incentives for employees...
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...Gen 201 September 22, 2014 Continuing Education In order to be successful in my education one of the most helpful things to understand is what learning style I possess. I believe it is also important for me to set goals, be aware of my learning style and utilize all of my educational resources and support systems. Learning the material in a way that I can apply it in real life is also key to considering myself educated. My writing style is doing or active experimentation. Active Experimentation is defined as; indicates your preference for applying ideas, using trial and error, and practicing what you learn, you probably enjoy hands-on activities that allow you to test out ideas to see what works. This helps me learn because when I understand how my brain works, I can teach myself the material in a way that I can remember it. For example, if I know that I learn best by hands on trial and error, I will be better equipped to practice this and learn better. This helps me improve my critical thinking skills as well because when I retain more details and understand concepts thoroughly, because I can analyze them in different ways. Some effective reading strategies that I use are reading in quiet areas, highlighting key points, and taking notes on the material. I use these strategies because each of them helps me remember the material in different ways. Reading in quiet areas helps me focus on the material and keeps me from getting distracted. Highlighting helps me refer to key...
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...Curran and Reivich (2011) “How does goal setting increase performance, achievement, and ultimately well-being” (p. 44)? In my opinion, academic success should be included in one’s model for achieving one’s career goals. While some believe continuing academic success is not required to obtain one's ultimate career goal, academic success is achieved by setting goals, fusing one’s learning style with lessons being taught, applying critical thinking skills and utilizing all available resources. During this first course of continuing my education, I’ve learned the tools necessary to become academically successful as well starting on the path to a successful career. Goal Setting Setting goals, leads to success because there’s a plan being put into motion. According to Lock & Latham 2002, “Research indicates that when an individual sets a goal that individual shows increased direct physical effort, cognitive effort on repeated task, self-reported subjective effort, and physiological indicators of effort” (p.44). Choosing the online course to continue my education allows me to move at my own pace. Setting goals is directive; goals reveal the path in which I need to follow. All of these actions lead to positive outcomes. (Curran & Reivich 2011, Lock & Latham 2002, Locke & Bryan 1969). Smaller and easier to attain goals should be set; this will allow me to remain persistence and to see that progress is being made toward my career goal. According to (Curran & Reivich 2011...
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...Assignment #2 – Case: “Allstate Insurance Company” Ashley Tevis April 28, 2011 Professor Lathan Using the model for goal setting, evaluate Allstate’s goal setting process to determine whether or not Allstate has an effective goal-setting program. From the case study, Allstate seems like a great company to work for. They have the goal setting and employees in mind at all times. Goal setting isn’t always easy, but it is very important for individuals and organizations to set goals. It is important for individuals to set many goals, career goals and personal goals. I know I have set many long and short term career and personal goals. If you work for an organization and you are on a team, the teams set long and short term goals as well. When you are in a team setting, everyone is there for each other; no one is set out on their own to reach that goal. You do it by working together and pushing for the best. By setting goals, it gives the team or individual something to strive for. I think Allstate’s goal setting program is very effective. They have specific steps, Succession programming, development, measurement, and accountability and reward. Each of these steps plays a role in their goal setting. Allstate takes the time to track career development and opportunities among all of their employees through their management information system. Then each employee receives an assessment of their current job skills. This is to determine in the employee needs any skills...
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.... Edwin Locke in the 1960s created a theory called the Goal-Setting Theory. Goal-Setting Theory states that setting goals is what creates the drive that allows for tasks to be done and promotes higher performance. With goals set it give directions for works to get their tasks done. If a person sets their own goals and follow their assignment it is called self-set goals. Workers will also get updates and feedback from other employees. In the movie, Remember the Titans, Coach Boone says, “If we don't come together right now on this hallowed ground, we too will be destroyed, just like they were. I don't care if you like each other or not, but you will respect each other. And maybe... I don't know, maybe we'll learn to play this game like men”....
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...Allstate Gary Shelton Organizational Behavior July 19th, 2011 Abstract Using the model for goal setting, evaluate Allstate’s goal setting process to determine whether or not Allstate has an effective goal-setting program. In my opinion, Allstate has an effective goal setting program. There are four steps in there program: succession programming, development, measurement, and accountability and reward. Succession programming is a way of getting diverse candidates (cream of the crop) for key positions. People tend to trust employees like themselves regardless of race, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, or cultural background. Allstate has over 36,000 employees 60 percent are women, and nearly 30 percent are minorities (“Diversity”, 2011). “More than 40 percent of officers and managers are women and nearly 20 percent come from one of five minority groups”, which means that all backgrounds are represented in some way within the company (“Diversity”, 2011). In the development program, a performance evaluation is used to assess job skill for advancement. Employees give feedback to leaders to evaluate and use for future programs. Training courses are mandatory and Allstate has had about 640,000 hours of diversity classroom time (Wah, 1999). The next step, measurement is done twice a year by employees to give feedback to management and based on the responses...
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...Based Business Report – Goal Setting, Goal Achievement Plan & Success Criteria EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is discussing how to set goals and how to achieve these goals by planning and also by using a timetable for it, the method that been used is SMART goals setting method which is the goal has to be Specific, measureable, achievable, relevant and time bounded, it is also discuss the ‘three step to success’ method which explain the steps that any student can do to achieve a successful performance in a certain task. This report also contains three MBA related goals which applicable to those two methods that we mentioned, and in addition to these goals we provided a timetable and a three success criteria to achieve these goals. TABLE OF CONTENT Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………..2 I. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 4 II. Goal setting theory ...…………………………………………………………....... 4 III. Developing SMART goals ………..…………...………………………………... 5 IV. Three steps to success …………………………………………………………….. 6 V. Conclusion…………………………………..…………………………………… 7 Appendix ………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Reference List ……………………………………………………………………...…. 9 I. Introduction So many people may wonder, what is a goal? , Lee (2010, p.744) said that a goal is a desired target or an aim, such a definition may make the people wonder the differences between having a dream and having a certain goal, that is why she also defined a goal as a dream, but a dream...
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...I. Situation Analysis This case is about a problem identification and solution of the Millennium Insurance Company. It’s a mid-sized insurance company with 10,000 employees and about 1.8 million customers. It offers various lines of insurance. For example: life, property and casualty and health. The biggest ratio of the revenue is generated by selling insurances and as well from a substantial mortgage business. The company is performing well, but there some problems in the IT-department. Many employees in the line business divisions as well as lower-level analysts have bought and used various PC’s and software. This happened without support of the IT department. When end-users contacted the IT-department they were unconfident, because they didn’t get help of them. The staff of the IT-department were focused on mainframe computing and operational systems and not about the PC’s and the software’s. This led to a high amount of complaints of the line business units about the unresponsiveness and the incompetence of the IT-department. So the senior vice president ‘John Cheng’ wanted to change this situation. He and senior managers developed a one year plan. This plan is structured in a three step approach: PC Research and Development Knowledge Management End User Education and Support The focus in this essay is on the end-user education and support strategy. The key manager is Elise Smart. She is 32 years old and was the senior manager in the development group of the IT...
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...The Motivational Benefits of Goal-Setting Author(s): Gary P. Latham Source: The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), Vol. 18, No. 4, Decision-Making and Firm Success (Nov., 2004), pp. 126-129 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4166132 . Accessed: 19/08/2011 19:39 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005). http://www.jstor.org 1' Academy of Management Executive, 2004, Vol. 18, No. 4 The benefits motivational goal-setting Gary P. Latham of One beauty of valid theories in the behavioral sciences is that they facilitate predicting, understanding, and influencing one's own actions as well as the actions of others. An excellent example is goal-setting theory. Its underlying premise is goals affect what one that one's conscious achieves.' This is because a goal is the object or aim of an action-for example, to attain a specific...
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...Bafa Bafa Concrete Experience During this experiment I was part of the Beta Group, which consisted of learning how to speak Betan and learning the rules to trade other Betans to get seven cards of the same color in numerical order from 1 to 7. The other group, the Alphans, are a very “touchy group” and they only had one leader whom had to give permission to other guy Alphas to talk to a girl. Alphas were more about having fun while Betans were all about themselves trying to accomplish their own goal. When it was my time to go observe the other group, it was so confusing. I had no idea what was going on or why people kept touching my arm when I got close to them. This was very strange and unexpected because I am not used to people invading my personal bubble like that. Also, we were handed a few cards and chips when we got in so we can join in on their game. While playing the game, someone pulled out a card, this card was a swear card, which in turn got the person kicked out of their society. No one from the Betan group knew what any of the cards meant so how should have we known this card was a swear card. Each culture has their own way of doing things, and honestly I do not know which group I would want to belong to. The Alphans had a man controlling them and decided on whether another man could talk to a female. For someone living in my culture, that just seems wrong. Everyone should be equal. On the other end, the Betans were all equal, but it was all a competition to...
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