GUIDE: MODULE/WEEK 1
Derived from the course text book, The Essence of the New Testament: A Survey (2012), and the New Testament documents.

Chapter 1: How We Got the New Testament

1. How many documents does the New Testament consist (1)? 27
2. The New Testament was written approximately between AD ¬¬¬_45___ and _100___ (1).
3. What materials were the New Testament documents written upon (1)? Leather and paper scrolls
4. What are the original New Testament document called (1, 2)? autograph
5. What is a codex in reference to the early New Testament writings (2)? Modern day books
6. What is the name of the Latin codex collection (2)? Ta Bibla
7. In the study of the New Testament, to what does the term canon refer (2)? Authoritive books
8. What three languages did God choose as the media for his self-revelation (2)? Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek
9. The Old Testament was primarily written in ____Hebrew__ (2).
10. Parts of the Old Testament were written in __Aramaic____ (2).
11. The New Testament was written in __Greek____ ______(2).
12. New greek______ ______was the language of the common people during the first century AD (2).
13. Why do you think God allowed the autographs to vanish (3)? To avoid biliolatry
14. In spite of the absence of the autographs, approximately 5,000 Greek manuscripts and an additional 13,000 fragments of the New Testament documents exist, providing significant manuscript evidence for New Testament scholars (3). compared to early writings
15. Motivators for canonizing the New Testament include the heretic _marcion_______ and the heretical movement, ___gnostisism_______ (3).
16. Marcion was a ___church bishop__________ who held a negative view of God as presented in the Old Testament (3).
17. Marcion rejected the Old Testament and as a consequence, he only accepted the Gospel according to Luke and ten Pauline epistles (3). Which were edited to remove jewish influence
18. _____Gnostisism_______ was a movement that developed in the second century. This heretical movement believed that salvation was found in attaining “special knowledge” (3).
19. Why are Marcion and Gnosticism so important in relation to a New Testament canon (3)? They provoked its creation
20. What were the three main criteria for recognizing canonicity (4)? See 21,22,23
21. Define the Test of Apostolicity (4). Book must be written by an apostle/ one connected to an apostle
22. Define the Rule of Faith (4). Comformity between the book and orthodoxy- doctrine that is consistant with Christian truth
23. Define the Test of Consensus (4). Widespread use of the doctrine by churches.
24. Name two so-called Gospels that were not considered authoritative for Christians because they failed the criteria for canonicity (4). Judas and thomas
25. What does the a priori argument for the New Testament canon of Scripture state (5)? That God would guard the gathering of a book, because god originally wrote them.
26. Delineate the five points of the premise upon which the a priori argument for the New Testament canon is based (5). See ch.1 page 5
27. What is the name of the Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament that was produced about 200 years before the birth of Christ (200–250 B.C.) (5)? Septuagent
28. Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Old Testament were known as _Targum_______ (5).
29. What is the difference between an essentially literal translation theory and the functional or dynamic equivalence theory (7)? Ch.1 pg 9
30. Describe the gender-neutral issue as it relates to Bible translation theories (9). Gender neutral issue is how to approach the gender of certain words. Ch1. Pg 9.

Chapter 2: Interpreting the New Testament

1. Discuss the importance of understanding idioms in the Greek New Testament (13). So john 17:12 is interpreted correctly when realizing judas’ dad isn’t named destruction.
2. The view that “readers of Scripture just understand the grammar and the historical setting of th e passage in order to understand correctly and apply any passage with confidence” is known as the _____________gramatical historical approach_____________ to Scripture (13).
3. Decisions regarding interpretation are filtered through a person’s __presupositions_____________ (14).
4. What two universal concepts should one keep in mind when reading the Bible (14)? Context, and rule of interpretation
5. What two types of context are crucial to correctly interpreting Scripture (14–15)? Literary, and historical.
6. __proof texting____________ happens when a verse of Scripture is quoted to prove a point without considering the literary context of the verse (15).
7. Can proof texting be done correctly? If yes, explain (15). Yes, saying Everyone who believes will be saved like based off of john 3:16
8. The analogy of faith refers to the principle that “Scripture will never contradict _______scripture_____” (15).
9. What are the three key concepts involved in correctly understanding the meaning of a given passage of Scripture for the original audience before understanding the contemporary meaning (16)? Observation, interpretation, and application
10. What is the definition of the term “genre” (20)? A type of literature
11. What is the genre of the four Gospels (20)? biographies
12. The New Testament letters were intended to be __authoritive substitutes for the authors who were not able to be present (23).
13. What is the main principle of interpreting the letters of the New Testament (24)? To remember that they are occasional meaning, the author is addressing a certain issue when writing.

Chapter 3: The History Between the Testaments

1. Approximately how long does the history of the Jewish people between the Old and New Testaments cover (27)? About 400 years
2. What is the timeframe of the Babylonian Captivity (27)? 605-535 BC
3. What is the timeframe of the Medo-Persian Period (28)? 535-331 bc
4. What is the timeframe of the Grecian Period (29)? 331-164 bc
5. What is the timeframe of the Maccabean Revolt and Jewish Independence (32)? 164bc-63bc
6. What is the timeframe of the Roman Period (33)? 63bc-134ad
7. Jerusalem fell to ____nebuchanezzer__________, king of Bablyon, in 586 BC (27).
8. The ___Temple_______ was destroyed when Jerusalem fell to the Babylonians in 586 BC (27).
9. During the Medo-Persian, ___Aramaic_______ began replacing Hebrew as the common language of the region of Judea (28).
10. The expansion of the Greek culture that began under Alexander the Great is called “____Hellenization__________” (29).
11. What does the term “Hasidim” mean (32)? Pious ones
12. What Jewish leader gained control of and rededicated the Temple by 164 BC (32)? Judas Maccabees
13. __Hanukkah__________ is the celebration of the rededication of the Temple under Judas Maccabeus in 164 BC (32).
14. Name the Roman general who captured Jerusalem in 63 BC (33). Pompey
15. ___Herod_____ eventually conquered Jerusalem and became “Herod the Great,” king of the Jews, reigning from 37–4 BC.

Chapter 4: The Essence of the Synoptic Problem

1. The _____Synoptic problem__ __________ refers to the phenomena of both significant similarities and differences in the content of Matthew, Mark, and Luke (36–39).
2. Mathew, Mark, and Luke have been called the “____synoptic gospels_____ _______” since Griesbach’s study in which he arranged these three Gospels in parallel columns (37).
3. Instead of presenting a comprehensive account of Jesus’ life, the four Gospels contain _________Thematically purposed presentations of the sayings and deeds of Jesus” (39).
4. In attempting to answer the question of sources, scholars must examine both the __external____ and the ___internal___ evidence (40).
5. Related to the question of written sources for the canonical Gospels, what does the external evidence consist of (40)? Comes from ancient traditions regarding the original authors and audiences of the Gospels.
6. The doctrine of ____Inspiration__________ affirms the accuracy of the written Word of God (40).
7. Where does the earliest testimony regarding the origin of the Synoptic Gospels come from (41)? Papias
8. Name this theory regarding the interdependence of the Synoptic Gospels (42).

Augustine hypothesis

Matthew (Jesus as King)

Mark (Jesus as King)

Luke (Jesus as Priest)

9. Name this theory regarding the interdependence of the Synoptic Gospels (43).

Griesbach (2 gospel) hypothesis

Matthew

Luke

Mark

10. Name this theory regarding the interdependence of the Synoptic Gospels (44).

2 source theory

(Proto?) Mark Q

Matthew Luke
11. Name this theory regarding the interdependence of the Synoptic Gospels (44).

4 source theory of bh streeter
Mark
Q

M

Matthew L

Luke

12. Name this theory regarding the interdependence of the Synoptic Gospels (45).

Farrer hypothesis

Mark

Matthew

Luke