...Essay #1 from the end of the cold war to a new global era The Cold War was a conflict between the two Superpowers of the USA and the USSR. Even though there was no direct military action between the two countries, the 'war' greatly changed the political scene of Europe and the rest of the world, This conflict resulted in turn to start a new global era where the global economy. Between 1969 to 1978 both the powers realized that such a situation could not establish peace in the world. During this period, there was a marked decline in the cold war so Many factors have contributed in ending the cold war such as Both the blocs realized that there would be no winner in a nuclear war, The break up between Russia and China further destroyed the fear of the spread of Communism, The collapse of the U.S.S.R. has further facilitated the end of the cold war after December 1991, The efforts of the former U.S. President George Bush (senior) and the former Soviet President Gorbachev proposed reduction in armaments in 1991, The rigid military alliances also showed signs of breaking down. France withdraws her troops from NATO, Pakistan went out of SEATO and In 1992 President Bush (senior) and the Russian President Boris Yeltsin formally announced that the cold war was over. In conclusion the end of the cold war led to the emergence of a unipolar world, also includes many high and low points for the two superpowers and the world as a whole, the Soviet economy faced the continuously escalating...
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...Thomas Hughes (Candidate Number: 006362 – 0036) How did Fidel Castro affect the relations between both the USA and the USSR? IB History Internal Assessment Centre Number: 6362 Doha British School Plan of Investigation Summary of Evidence Evaluation of Source Analysis Conclusion Contents A. Plan of Investigation 2 B. Summary of Evidence 3 C. Evaluation of Sources 5 Section D: Analysis 7 Section E: Conclusion 8 Bibliography (Written Sources) 9 Bibliography (Non-Written sources) 9 A. Plan of Investigation This study will seek to answer the question of how Fidel Castro affected the relations between the US and the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis. I chose this question because I’ve always had a passion for learning about the Cold War, especially the Cuban perspective of the whole situation. With this in mind, this is why I found the topic relevant, as the whole incident has been a standing point in time representing the effects of unstable relations in times of nuclear crisis. In order to answer...
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...Cold War Wars The Cold War was the conflict between the two superpowers of the world, the democratic United States of America and the communist Soviet Union. For over fifty years the two superpowers fought each other for power and control of the world. The Cold War started after the end of the Second World War in 1945 when both superpowers were no longer looking at Nazi Germany, but instead at each other and the rest of the world. It rose due to antagonist values with the United States, demonstrating democracy and capitalism, and the Soviet Union, signifying communism and totalitarianism. Being the two principal world powers after WWII, controversy with the Americans and Soviets became a worldwide conflict. However, the Cold War ended up affecting practically every country in the world someway. Some countries were affected by having wars erupt within them. Some examples were Vietnam, Korea, and Afghanistan. In each of these wars, many amounts of communists fought non-communists. In each case, both sides had help from other countries that were on their side. Either way, the countries were both badly impacted by the fighting. In other countries, the impacts were more positive. The US & the USSR would compete with one another to help countries that were not firmly aligned in one camp or the other. They would often give economic aid to countries to help persuade those countries to take their side. What this meant is that some countries benefited from the cold war in economic...
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...Cold War Perception is different person to person. If Italy and Greece is drowning in despair Americans may not even think anything is going on. This is what was going on in the beginning of the Cold War just two years after WW2, 1947. Though what do people living during 1960 or even the children of the baby boomers know about the Cold War? I believe that the American Perception of the Cold War is very different from what was going on. The first person I interviewed was my father in law Dan Faris. Dan said “ To know about the Cold War all you have to know about is the Iron Curtain cause they could be synonymous. This is very true the Iron Curtain is defined by the Eastern and Western separation of Europe by Communism. This is what started the Cold War. During the European Financial Collapse people would kling to whatever promises people could make them to get them out of their poverty. Stalin came in and promised a better tomorrow and communism spread. The United States saw this as a threat and they wanted to stop Communism therefore Truman employed Marshall and henceforth Marshall aid was offered to the people in those European countries. Which in turn threatened Stalin. Dan said that this all started in 1957 which is actually not true though since he was born in 1955 may have been what he perceived. All of this actually started in 1945. During these games that the Russians and U.S. was playing with each other soon it turned ugly when bombs were placed in Cuba which...
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...The Cold War, by John Lewis Gaddis, is an extremely researched, and stunningly written historical account of the Cold War. Gaddis is the Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. Gaddis is best known for his work on the Cold War. John Lewis Gaddis was born in 1941 in Cotulla, Texas. Gaddis received his PhD at the University of Texas at Austin, and has since taught and at multiple universities and has received numerous awards and distinctions. Gaddis won a Pulitzer Prize in 2012 for his biography of George F. Kennan. John Gaddis was born during World War II and grew up experiencing the Cold War first hand in America. Gaddis’ perspective is that of an American historian that has drawn from other Cold War historians as well....
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...The Cold War was a period starting in around 1946, consisting of political and military tension and economic competition. The Cold War was ‘fought’ between the Communist Soviet Union, and the Capitalist West, mainly the United States. As opposed to a hot war, wherein two nations or faction conflict in an armed battle, in a Cold War, the major military forces never engage in physical warfare with each other. Instead, the conflict is expressed via military occupations of various nations, propaganda, strategic conventional force deployments, for example the Berlin Airlift, and providing aid to vulnerable nations, like the Marshal and Molotov Plans. The two superpowers also competed against each other in terms of technological and military advancements; the Space Race and Arms Races respectively. The main reason for this tension was the opposing systems of government and their ideologies, with each seeing a threat in the other. Though the two nations acted as allies in the war against Nazi Germany, their conflicting beliefs and ideologies soon left them as enemies. The Soviet Union soon occupied Eastern Europe, while the Western Allies occupied West Europe. Unsurprisingly, tension began to rise. The US’ Marshall Plan was put into effect to provide financial aid in the rebuilding of nations ravaged by the war in Europe. However, the Soviets denied their nations they occupied to participate. The USSR also funded and aided in communist revolutions in countries occupied by the West...
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...The Cold War The Cold War by Jeremy Isaac and Taylor Downing is a book about the history of the U.S. In this book the author talks about how communism has been a part of U.S. history since the eighteenth century. Soviet Union leaders, such as Marx, Lenin, and Stalin continued to spread communism to other nations. The Cold War was not a war of weapons but a war to stop the spread of communism. The book goes into details about how the United States used every media outlet to convince the public of the horrors of communism. America was never really threatened by the Cold War. It was nothing more than two super powers battling for control. This book informs us that the start of the Cold War was caused by U.S. fear of the spread of communism and other events. The authors Sir Jeremy Isaacs is a British television producer and executive, winner of many BAFTA awards and international Emmy Awards. The other author Taylor Downing is an award winning TV producer, head of independent production company Flashback Television for 25 years and writer of best sellers. The two put together a very informative book covering the 50 yearhistory of America. I. The Iron Curtain: America knew they could not trust the Soviet Union under Josef Stalin leadership. During the invasion of Germany the concerns about the Soviet was put aside. During World War II the U.S. and Soviet became allies. Stalin used aggressive tactics to gain control of countries near the Soviet...
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...McKibben, David A. International Politics, ODU 07 Dec 2015 What Started the Cold War? The Cold War had a profound effect on American policy and international politics, which still holds true today. There are many reasons as to what may have started the Cold war as it existed between the United States of America and Russia; however, there were major events that contributed the bulk of the impetus behind the stalemate between the two superpowers for nearly fifty years. The origins of the Cold War can be traced all the way back to the failed League of Nations in the post-World War I atmosphere. The League of Nations lack of capability to martially enforce the restructuring of Europe after the war, as well as its cold shoulder to the disheveled state of Eastern Europe was the ultimate catalyst to the start of the Cold War. The League of Nations was primarily an intergovernmental organization composed of the Allied powers after World War I, founded January 10, 1920 (Wikipedia 2015). The main objective behind the League was to restructure Europe after World War I in an attempt to create a more stable world climate. Ideals such as cooperation among the world powers when it came to economics and territorial disputes were among the foremost concern of the League. The League of Nations ultimately proved to be unsuccessful in its attempt to create a more stable political climate, as many of the partnering nations were hesitant to comply with the regulations and sanctions set forth...
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...DeVry University "I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones." Albert Einstein The Cold War probably one of the most memorable wars to date because of the lack of actual fighting. The Cold War last from 1946 to 1991 when it was finally ended. It was a battle of power with no actual war between the USA and USSR. Yes, there were wars of democracy against communism in such countries of Korean and Vietnam but it wasn’t direct fighting of the two super powers. The Cold War can teach the current world leaders such a significant amount of knowledge. On how such wars are futile and honestly useless because it solves nothing and only frightens the whole world in fear of a nuclear war. The Cold War was started right after World War II when the Allies in World War II alliance fell apart. The reason this powerful alliance fell apart is simple. Stalin believed that the delay of D-Day was Britain and the USA’s attempt to weaken the Soviet Union, along with the fact that Stalin and Churchill argued over how much control Stalin would get over the countries of Eastern Europe. These factors contributed to the start of the Cold War right after World War II. The Cold War was not really a war like previous wars it was a threat from both sides of nuclear war. Both sides had nukes and both were willing to use them in the event of an attack. The Cold War was a war of words and nothing more really. Both sides had ideas and...
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...in Peace and Conflict > The Cold War 1945-1991 > Overview of US-Soviet relations and the Cold War The Cold War 1945-1991 Overview of US-Soviet relations and the Cold War David Mclean Charles Sturt University Principal Focus: Students investigate key features and issues in the history of the Cold War 1945 - 1991 Outcomes Students: H1.1 describe the role of key features, issues, individuals, groups and events of select twentieth-century studies (Extract from Modern History Stage 6 Syllabus Board of Studies NSW 2004.) Key features and issues: • origins and development of the Cold War • influence of ideologies on the Cold War • impact of crises on changing superpower relations • the arms race • reasons for the end of the Cold War This is the transcript of a talk given at a seminar co-sponsored by the History Teachers’ Association of New South Wales and the US Information Service in Sydney on 2 September 1995. From this tutorial you will learn about: • influence of ideologies that led resulted in the division of the world into two opposed camps from 1945 • emerging differences between the superpowers Contents 1. US – Soviet relations were not synonymous with the Cold War 2. Chronology of the Cold War 3. Influence of ideologies of communism and capitalism on the Cold War 4. Soviet Objectives 5. American objectives 6. The Arms Race 7. The Third World was important for the Cold War 8. Why did the Cold War not end earlier? 9. Did the...
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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The Lack of National Support . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The role of the media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Introduction On April the 6th 1994, the Hutu population of Rwanda attacked the Tutsi minority. In the short period of hundred days approximately 800,000 Rwandans, mostly Tutsi’s, were killed. Even the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide which was adopted in 1948 by the United Nations did not prevent this genocide. Not even the U.S., the remaining superpower after the end of the Cold War and a firm believer of Wilsonian idealism, remained immobile and even urged the UN to refrain from action. Therefore the main research question will be: which factors contributed to the non-intervention by the United States in the Rwandan genocide?...
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...nation that believed in communism. In addition, the United States invented the atomic bomb or “A-bomb” during World War II. This gave America the upper hand because the Soviets were unaware that the US had developed the A-bomb. At this time the Soviet Union was in a vulnerable state after suffering severe damage during World War I and World War II. The Soviets didn’t have the means to produce or support mass productions for another war, especially against the United States. The United States was and is a nation that is dictated by capitalism, an economic structure or system based on principles of citizens having ownership over their things, the right to decided where the profits go, how much they produce, and who they exchange their products with (Capitalism, the Free Dictionary n.a.). The opposite of the US government and economic structure is known as communism, which was implemented by the Soviet Union and started spreading to other nations during this time period. A communist economy is based upon the values of strict sharing; the state owned the people’s property and decided where, when, and how much production was going to occur along with who their products were to be exchanged with (Communism, 2005). The first time the US attempted to defeat the Soviets and their communist economy was during World War I. American forces became involved in the civil war following the Bolshevik revolution, joining the White Russians. This incident was the start of the Soviet’s distrust...
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...essay on cold war ‘Account for the phenomenon, known as the cold war, which dominated world politics between 1945 - 1989. Evaluate the extent to which the principal nations involved fought proxy wars as a substitute for armed conflict with each other. In this essay I will discuss the extent to which the principal nations, mainly the USA and the Soviet Union fought proxy wars as a substitute for armed conflict with each other during the Cold War between 1945 – 1989. As the Second World War ended in 1945 with the victory of the allies, a new war was launched. It was a battle predominantly between the USA and the Soviet Union, between two conflicting ideologies: America’s capitalism versus and the Soviet Union’s communism. Ranging from two of the most devastating wars; the Korean War (1950) and the Vietnam war in the 60s, to the smaller conflicts in the Middle East and Africa in terms of the scale of the battle, every corner of the globe was involved in the Cold War. (Dunbabin 1994) The USA and the Soviet Union were the sole super powers at the end of the Second World War. There are a number of views regarding why the Cold war was unavoidable, and one of the reasons is that both countries were expansionist. The USA in particular was afraid of the Soviet sphere of influence over Europe in particular, believing that it needed to be contained. (Mowry, 1962) But on the part of the Soviet Union, it was also afraid of the USA’s power and its ideology which it believed to...
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...Technology From 1761-1776 Technology made a great impact on the French and Indian War and even the Revolutionary War. The colonies and the British had technology all around them. The definition of technology is machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge. Technology doesn’t have to be electronic, it can also be physical. For example, a shovel, a pulley or an axe. During the time of the Boston Tea Party, some colonists used a machine called the “Turtle” to attach explosives to the bottom of British ships (7). The colonists used this machine to sabotage them to prevent any tea from docking to the colonies (7). George Washington approved this machine but he said himself that it, “is ungentlemanly” (7). The Turtle may not have been very successful but it did lead to further research and development for underwater exploration (7). An englishman named Andrew Becker showed off his new invention in River Thames in London by breathing underwater for more than an hour (7). He created this machine by covering a suit with leather and putting on a helmet with a window (7). He also attached tubes to the helmet to...
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...The Cold War Whodunit? Different views regarding the post war world order caused the Soviet Union and their leader, Joseph Stalin, to have conflicts with their allies (United State and Great Britain) after World War II. During the Second World War, the Allies had the common objective of defeating Nazi Germany and their ruthless leader, Adolf Hitler. Once the war was over, their difference in ideology led to Cold War which lasted much longer than World War II and it had a large impact on the economic, political, and cultural landscape of the world. The debate on who is responsible for the start of the Cold War has been debated for many years and is very complex. The Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill plays a key role for future actions taken by the United States. The introduction of the Truman Doctrine is an example of a reactionary measure undertaken by the Allies that may not have occurred if Churchill did not give his famous speech. This essay will argue that the actions taken by the Western Allies between 1945 and 1948, albeit aggressive, were merely reactive, precautionary and preventative measures in response to the aggressive actions already taken by the Soviet Union. The outbreak of the Cold War can be tied to the aggressive nature of the Soviet’s actions behind the “Iron Curtain”, not the reactive, aggressive measures taken by the remaining Western Allies. The Iron Curtain Speech given by former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was a warning to the United...
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