...American cultural interest. Bilingualism in education and politics is a significant issue in the United States. There have been many federal policies that have become very restrictive in allowing local authorities to decide if English should be the only language used in educational methods and within political parties. Bilingualism in education has and always will be a controversial topic. Language barriers are often a huge problem for people who consider English to be their second language (ESL). Bilingual education has positive and negative sides. The negative points are bilingual education is expensive and people who are bilingual are often stereotyped as poor or uneducated (University Of Michigian, 2012). The positive points of bilingual education are it allows immigrants to avoid assimilation by not having to learn English, the dominant language and teaching students in their language gives them equal opportunity for a good education (University Of Michigian, 2012). According to Campbell (2006-2012), “Conservative forces mobilized throughout the nation in the 1980s and 1990s to attack taxes, schools, and bilingual education. Since the 1990s, these same groups have frequently attacked multicultural education as divisive to national unity.” Some people say they are offended and believe that since immigrants are in the United States, they should conform to our standards of education as well as language. Bilingualism is very important in politics. It allows politicians to effectively...
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...response to one author in particular who is considered to be very well educated but not well versed in being an educator. While the author is in support of bilingual education his theories and ideas of how to get there are filled with a lot of “fluff” or unattainable options. He is somewhat of a political figure and tends to ride the fence on what might be considered controversial from someone of his stature. 3. This article is about bilingualism in politics. In this article the author writes about and teenage boy who was suspended from school for speaking Spanish. The author argues that the issue isn’t at all about language, but about immigration and issue the U.S. has with Mexico and its southern border. She thinks that language concerns have been a major issue for the political movement to reduce immigration. The boy who was suspended from school represents to many the loss of jobs, lower standards of living, lack of healthcare and anything else one can think of in the author’s eyes. 4. This article is about bilingualism in the...
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...Bilingualism – Education aspect Twisted Tongues: The Failure of Bilingual Education This article talks about the failure of bilingual education in the United States. Part of the article gives personal experiences from people who have dealt with bilingual education, in which they have bad experiences. Most of the them say that they feel like their children are discriminated against because of their last name or ethnicity. For example, in one experience the parent says that their child was shy during his kindergarten examine and did not talk and the administrator put him as bilingual even though he wouldn’t speak, then assumed the child did not understand. The article goes on to talk about different problems within the education system, how parents feel about it, what is being done to help the situations and the emphasis being taken on bilingual education (Porter, 1998). Bilingualism in Education This article talks about the advantages of bilingual education in the United States. The author feels that if a student learns another language throughout their schooling that they have a better chance of possible even picking up on a third language. Additionally, the author feels that it would benefit them to learn other languages so that it is easier to adapt to different cultures, especially if they were to travel around the world. It would open up many opportunities for them and teach them more grammar as well as heritage of their culture (Wordpress). Bilingualism – Politics...
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...actually mandate how bilingualism is taught in the public school districts. It is a very long and drawn out article that states what bilingualism is about and how it benefits the students that use it. The article also describes what the author knows about bilingualism and how statistics show that Latino scores are improved by taking these classes. http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/pop_billing.html The next article that I have found is one that also is for bilingualism in public school. It states the statistics of how and why children improve scores and grades form taking another language in college, not high school. It says that when children take these classes in high school, they do not get enough of it to learn as much as they could. http://www.nctimes.com/news/opinion/columnists/riehl/article_41791d70-d500-5746-90a5-9f39e9953be9.html This article is against bilingualism in politics because it is said that it is dangerous because maybe people will forget where they are form if they speak another language. I do not think this is the case but Newt Gingrich does. It is also said that English is what holds us all together and that if we stray to another language it would not be beneficial to us as Americans, again I do not agree. http://articles.latimes.com/1995-10-31/news/mn-63269_1_official-language This article talks about our President Barack Obama and how bilingualism played a huge role in how he was elected, because he supports bilingualism in politics. The article also...
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...to immigrants. (Rolf Kjolseth 2000). Many American, although not always conscious of their actions, often show a hypocritical double standard when it comes to bilingualism. On one side, they show pride and encourage a natural born American citizen that studies abroad learning a foreign language and becoming bilingual, at the same time they expect that all immigrants stop using their native languages and use only the English language to communicate. (Porter 1998) Much of the debate over bilingual education stems from an unrealistic expectation of immediate results. (Jim Cummins 2002). The public automatically believe that students should immerse themselves into the American culture and learn English and forget about their previous cultural background. Although many studies have shown that bilingual education provides a positive environment during the learning and social growth of many language-minority students, the opposition while mostly politically motivated has shown to have the upper hand when it come to most states debates. Many believe that being able to speak multiple languages in politics produces confusion among the citizens of a country. Any individual living in the United States whether by legal or illegal entry should not have the rights to vote until they become legal citizens. Bilingualism in politics gives people an impression that the state has allowed all the illegal immigrants, a right to vote. (Ana Garza, LA times 2010). These type of debate has many times...
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...that it would simply affirm the pre-eminence of English without overturning laws or rules on bilingualism. The proposal declares that no one has "a right, entitlement or claim to have the government of the United States or any of its officials or representatives act, communicate, perform or provide services or provide materials in any language other than English" (2006). Politics of Bilingualism in Education In an article from Social Justice, James Crawford describes the politics of bilingualism in education by offering a detailed history and the political debate that has ensued since the Bilingual Education Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Johnson in 1968. The latest movements to make English a national language are mentioned, and the attempt is then made to answer the many questions that the bill inspires, including its impact, significance and true purpose (1998). Bilingual Education An article in the Bilingual Research Journal by Carlos J. Ovando of Arizona State University argues that changing political, social, and economic forces, rather than any consistent ideology, have shaped the nation’s responses to bilingual education. He concludes that language ideology in the United States has shifted according to changing historical events, and the absence of a consistent U.S. language ideology has enhanced the role of symbolic politics—the resentment of special treatment for minority groups (2003). Current Ineffectiveness of Bilingual...
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...World journal talks about the heated controversy over bilingual education. “The ultimate goal of any approach is for students to become proficient in the English Language” is agreed upon by opponents and proponents of bilingual education. The proponents state “that bilingual education is simply the most effective method for fostering the acquisition of English.” In describing many bilingual programs the Center for Equal Opportunity states that “students who don’t speak English are locked away in special programs that try to maintain native languages rather that teach English, often without their parents consent.” 2) This article discusses the public policy questions and the history of bilingualism in education in America. Most people do not realize the complexity and the history of bilingualism in America. The use of more than one language by a community has been part of the American social and political landscape for more than two centuries (Kloss, 1977). According to the wishes of parents in Ohio in 1839, the law allowed for instruction in German, English, or both in the public schools. There are probably less students receiving Spanish-English instruction than at the turn of the century when six hundred thousand elementary students were receiving all or part of their education in German, according to Kloss, 1977. The article proceeds to further discuss the political issues surrounding bilingual education. 3) From an NBC correspondent Miguel Almaguer is an article discussing...
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...organizations to support those feeling and beliefs. Schaefer (2006) states that “until the last 20 or 30 years there was a conscious effort to devalue the Spanish language and to discourage Hispanics from using it in schools (p. 242). In the 1960s, the school boards in the Southwest, Florida, and New York City enforced a “No Spanish” rule and up until 1968 it was illegal to teach in any language other than English in California. English as a second language (ESL) programs tend to emphasize bilingual but not bicultural education (Schaefer, 2006). Some Hispanics strongly oppose bilingualism, believing that English-only education, even for very young children, is the key to success. The growth of the Hispanic population has moved Congress towards recognizing the multilingual culture of the United States. Federal law has mandated that bilingual ballots be provided where necessary. Bilingualism in politics in the United States is not a well understood concept, especially since most people do not speak several languages. Politicians who flaunt their knowledge of several languages seem elitist to the average...
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...《跨文化传播》课程论文 题目：Japanese System of Bilingual Education: Connecting Intercultural Communication with Bilingualism (跨文化传播、双语形象与多元文化主义：以日本双语教学为例) 研 究 生： 阿夏 指导教师： 安然 学 号： 201122800213 学 院： 新闻与传播学院 专 业： 传播学 华南理工大学研究生院 二〇一二年七月 Abstract The concept of "bilingualism" (two-, multilingualism) has become a symbol of the XXI century. Bilingualism is a way of thinking, perception of the world, self-identity. Open borders within the Schengen Zone, simplified procedure of obtaining temporary visas due to lack of human resources within the countries, etc. caused the significant increase of the immigration processes. Moving from one country to another, people are introducing traditions, lifestyle and language of the country of origin to the new ground. (Intensive processes of integration taking place in modern global community, could be characterized as comprehensive and multifaceted, and can be analyzed from different perspectives, theoretical frameworks and approaches. It should be noted that these processes determine the complex, multifaceted problems, among which there is a multilingualism, the most common variant of it - bilingualism. ) Bilingual education is a form of education in which information is presented to the students in two (or more) language (Bilingual education). English has been playing a central role in the cross-cultural communication as the common international language...
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...Pierre Trudeau was a lawyer, author, university professor and exceptional politician who changed the shape of Canadian politics, government and the justice system forever. He was born in Montreal on October 18, 1919 to a wealthy family and died of cancer on September 28, 2000. Trudeau’s early belief system was strongly influenced by his parents, especially his father. His views on business, love of country, support of the Catholic Church and French Canadian culture were passed onto him by his father. He was a bright student who excelled at the elite Jesuit preparatory school Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf and in law school at the University of Montreal. After graduating law school he practiced law and specialized in labor and civil liberty cases, issues he would later bring into focus for all of Canada. In 1961, Trudeau was a constitutional law professor at which point he began to consider turning to federal politics. In 1964 Trudeau decided to run for the Liberals and won a federal seat in 1965. He was appointed to the cabinet as Minister of Justice and within a year, he had reformed the divorce laws and liberalized the laws on abortion and homosexuality. He eventually became the Prime Minister of Canada and served as Prime Minister for 15 years. During his term as a cabinet minister and prime minister he accomplished much including the appointment of women as the Speaker of the Senate and House of Commons and Governor General. However his greatest accomplishment...
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...elected Quebec Premier, Pauline Marios taking the office. On March 7,2013 the National Post published an article stating the Quebec Premier Pauline Maoris and Education Minister Marie Malabo has ordered an outside research body, the Cole national d’administration publique, to “define the problems” raised by intensive English instruction and examine its impact on students’ success in other subjects (“Quebec puts brakes on intensive English language program” 2013). This article argues how the newly elected premier Marois’s party put breaks on the English teaching system in Quebec, as well as tinkering of history in order to promote sovereignty independence. The notion of Canada being bilingual is an approved concept in Canadian politics, which can trace back to the European colonization of Canada....
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...Bilingual Education : Friend or Foe? Jennifer Smith Faulkner University Abstract This paper explores both the history of bilingual education as well as it’s implications for American Society. We will define the difference between bilingual education and bilingualism. It takes a formative look at the Bilingual Education Act to see our roots in bilingual education. We will examine both the advantages and disadvantages of bilingualism and it’s effect on the brain. Also, we will attempt to shed some needed light on just why this is such a hot political topic. Why do Americans still seem unwilling to accept bilingual education as a necessity for their children? Bilingual Education: Friend or Foe? Bilingual education is a polarizing topic in America. Torn between preserving American culture and what makes us American, and providing immigrant children with the same access to education that all Americans deserve, bilingual education is now a political topic in America. There have been many attempts to make positive changes in our education system concerning bilingual education. Even for those who agree that bilingual education is important, arriving at the answer to the best approach is on a meandering path. With decades of studies, opinions and speculation as to the right way to best educate English language learners, it is not unlikely that many Americans wonder if bilingual education is friend or foe? Answers to these questions...
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...The official language movement has created a lot of controversy in both education and politics. Even former Speaker of the House, Newt Gingrich, said "Citizenship requires passing a test on American History in English. If that’s true, we do not have to create ballots in any other language except English," (2007). Mr. Gingrich also stated that to allow bilingualism will pose long term dangers to our nation and that bilingual education should be replaced with immersion in English. There is even debate as to whether legislation should be passed requiring that all drivers’ license test be given in English only. The argument is that with some road signs going digital, you need to be able to read what is being said and not just recognize the symbol. Advocates say that this is a matter of safety (Crist, 2011). While many non-Hispanic white Americans are opposed to bilingualism in schools - teaching a second language to students who already speak English, there are many organizations that favor it. According to The Preschool English Learners (2005) website, many children throughout the world learn to speak two languages and research indicates there are distinct cognitive, communicative, and cultural advantages to being bilingual. It also states that a key factor to mastering a second language is the age and extent of exposure to each language. The biggest debate in education is over whether non-English speaking students should be put into English immersion classes or bilingual...
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...Reed 1 Christina Reed Professor Wilkinson English 100 05 May 2015 Bilingualism One in seven or 31.8 million people speak a language other than English in their home, according to the United States Census. (United States Census, 2009). People use this term in different ways. For some, bilingualism means an equal ability to communicate in two languages. For others, bilingualism means the ability to communicate in two languages but with the possibility of greater skills in one language. There is a lot of criteria that goes along with bilingualism. For this research paper, the criteria I focused on were: The history of bilingualism laws in the United States, pros/cons of bilingual education in America’s school system, who benefits the most from bilingual education programs; youths in elementary or the youths in high school, bilingualism in the labor market, and bilingualism in the media. In the society that we live in today, Bilingualism has become just as it is important to learn as to learn the language from the country of a person’s ethnical background. Bilingualism has come a far way in the last 20 years to where it is today. Whether we notice it or not bilingualism plays a part in every person’s day to day life. Bilingualism is highly researchable subject is given a lot of political, as well as ethical attention. Twenty years ago in the school system bilingual education programs were almost never heard of much in elementary schools for English speaking students to...
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...religious, and familial conventions or statuses of these four groups; these facts shed some light on the commonalities and differences between these four groups. In Cuba, the national language is Spanish. In America, Cuban Americans speak both English and Spanish, although, there are differences in which is the predominant language spoken varies between those born in Cuba and those born in America. (Buffington, N.D.) Although the trend for Cuban Americans born in the US is shifting towards monolingualism, conditions in the Miami area are considered conducive to the maintenance of Spanish within the Cuban community. Favorable social conditions coupled with a positive attitude towards Spanish are cited as two reasons bilingualism is still strong. Although bilingualism is still strong among Miami Cubans, each generation is increasingly shifting towards English speaking. (Porcel, 2006) Early, or first generation, Cuban Americans could be characterized as being politically cohesive with an overwhelming majority preferring the Republican Party; this cohesiveness has dwindled as the subsequent generations are becoming more diverse in its political preferences.(Moreno and Warren,1998) According to the 2000 US Census, 1.2 million Cuban Americans made up three and a half percent of the total Hispanic population in the United States. (Guzman, 2001) Many of the Cubans who arrive into the United States settle into established exile communities formed by earlier immigrants who came to America...
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