Exercise 1 1. The environment that the bacteria were found in was extremely cold, very low in oxygen, high in pressure, and low on nutrients. Yes, it is an extremeophiles because it was able to survive in an extreme condition that would normally be detrimental to most life. 2. I did not see where the article listed the feet. But, 3 Km converts to about 9,842 feet. 3. Its tiny size helped it to survive in the liquid veins among ice crystals and the thin liquid film on their surfaces. Also, being that tiny, they would require an extremely small amount of nutrition. 4. It shows that there can be life in places never thought imaginable because of extreme conditions.
Exercise 2 1. Lactose intolerance is a condition in which lactose cannot be digested because of a deficiency of the lactase enzyme that is needed to break it down. 2. Lactose intolerance has the common side effects of the following: diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, bloating, gas, and cramps. 3. In general, the older people get, the more problems they have digesting lactose. With that being said, young adults are probably the least likely to be affected by it. 4. The biggest nutritional concerns for lactose intolerant people are how to meet their calcium and riboflavin needs.
Exercise 3 1. It uses two strains of bacteria to convert waste and leftover food into bio-gas, which is then used for energy. 2. There are three types of bacteria involved. The first type of bacteria turns carbohydrates into simple sugars, amino acids and fatty acids. The second type of bacteria is responsible for eating the waste and turns it into hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid. The third and final type of bacteria takes the broken-down compounds and turns them into methane and carbon dioxide. The methane then can be used as fuel which provides electricity. 3. Most of the older digesters stored both bacteria in the same tank, which makes the process unpredictable and slow. But this new digester takes the two bacteria and separates them into two separate environments, which makes the process much more predictable. 4. One, it is a way to recycle waste instead of just sending it to landfills. Secondly, it provides a safe and cheap source of energy.
Exercise 4 1. The nothing but nets campaign is a campaign to fight malaria. Some of the founding partners include: Sports Illustrated, The people of the United Methodist Church, and United Nations Foundation. 2. The bed nets work extremely well because they are cost effective and they keep the mosquitoes away from the people sleeping. Nets are also very simple to use and setup. 3. Two anti-malaria drugs come from Artemisinin from the Qinghao plant and quinine from the cinchona tree. I am assuming they are not very successful because just about every medicine nowadays is very expensive. With that being said, most of the African countries are very poor and probably cannot afford it.