...Complete the MasteringBiology Ch. 1 Activity: You Decide: What Can We Do About Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria? Write a 500- to 700-word essay from your investigation. You are required to answer various questions throughout the investigation. At the end of the activity, you will be required to take a quiz. This quiz consists of one essay question. Copy your essay into a Microsoft® Word document. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment. Question to be answer according with each page above 1 – What does the second bar represent? a. The number os classes of antibiotics developed in the 1930s b. The number of classes of antibiotics available in the 1930s c. The number of classes of antibiotics developed in the 1940s d. The number of classes of antibiotics available in the 1940s 2 – What does the Y-axis represent? a. The total number of antibiotics consumed b. The total number of erythromycin closes consumed c. The number of erythromycin doses consumed per day d. The number of erythromycin doses consumed per 1000 people per day 3 – What does the pink bar in the last cluster of bars represent? a. The percentage of bacteria resistant to penicillin in 1995 b. The percentage of bacteria resistant to 3 or more antibiotics in 1995 c. The percentage of bacteria resistant to penicillin in 1998 d. The percentage of bacteria resistant to 3 or more antibiotics in 1998 4 – What does the Y-axis represent? a. Percentage...
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...Quiz: What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? You Decide What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Then present a plan for reducing this problem in the future. Keep these questions in mind: • What data supports the hypothesis that antibiotic-resistance is on the rise? What problems do you see in this data? Can you propose a way to overcome these problems? • Which methods have been successful in decreasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? Which methods have not? • What shortcomings or errors do these given studies have? Can you design a new study that would overcome them? Student Deliverable: |Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | |The charts, when combined and looked at together all paint a nice picture of bacteria gradually becoming more resistant to more classes of antibiotics. When one | |looks at the charts it is easy to see that in 1989 & 1990, the amount of classifications of antibiotics was at a high (not including 2000). During that time the | |number of written prescriptions for a certain antibiotic (Erythromycin) was also at an all-time high. We can also see that generally the strain of the Strep | |bacteria became more resistant to each...
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...101 Self-Study Quiz: What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? You Decide What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Then present a plan for reducing this problem in the future. Keep these questions in mind: · What data supports the hypothesis that antibiotic-resistance is on the rise? What problems do you see in this data? Can you propose a way to overcome these problems · Which methods have been successful in decreasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? Which methods have not? · What shortcomings or errors do these given studies have? Can you design a new study that would overcome them? Student Deliverable: Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Can antibiotic resistance be over come? What can we do?Let's start with washing our hands often with soap and water this will help to prevent a disease and also the need for antibiotics. Also, while handling food such as meet make sure meat is cooked though, and the food is handled hygienically. This will help with food-borne illnesses. We need to make sure to take antibiotics only if needed. What is happening is more often than most is, we tend to go to the doctor for the mere ordinary cold. But do you really need that antibiotic? A cold is a virus antibiotic will not help cure the...
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...Antibiotic Resistance Xzaviette Hill BIO/101 November 3, 2014 The first antibiotic was developed by Alexander Fleming in 1929. Since then, antibiotics have revolutionized the medical field. They were so revolutionary that many proclaimed them as a “wonder drug.” Many illnesses that were considered incurable became easily cured. So, what is an antibiotic? Well, an antibiotic is a medicine that can kill, or inhibit the growth or reproduction of, microorganisms. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections alone; they have no effect on viral or fungal infections. The 1930’s marked the beginning of the antibiotic revolution. Since then, antibiotics have been used to fight off various bacterial diseases including, pneumonia, tuberculosis, leprosy, and typhus. These diseases can be fatal. Typhus alone has a mortality rate of 70% when left untreated. Yes, antibiotics have saved many lives. Nonetheless, antibiotics are by no means infallible. In recent years, a new problem has manifested; some bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics. Doctors have discovered that over-prescription contributes to the evolution of antibiotic- resistant bacteria. Over- prescription is the excessive prescription of a medication. Antibiotic over- prescription occurs when physicians prescribe antibiotics for small infections that the body could have otherwise fought off itself or for viral and fungal infections that, as I stated before, can’t be treated with antibiotics. The issue of over-...
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...Antibiotics: A Harmful Misused Product Today, the human race has way too much reliance on antibiotics and products associated with them. Many people are extremely unaware of what can happen if antibiotics are overused or used incorrectly. Nobody allows their body to heal itself. In certain cases antibiotics should be used to help cure one of an infection but not in the ways they are used today. Antibiotics can be found in many household that includes mostly all wipes and sprays. Antibiotics being included in all of these products can do nothing but hurt one in the long run. Placing antibiotics in cleaning appliances can cause all bacteria to become immune and change so that the antibiotic becomes unproductive and the bacterium becomes stronger. Antibiotics are used for anything from cuts to strep throat and pneumonia and have been for a very long time. They are becoming impotent because they are used incorrectly by nearly everyone: doctors, patients, and even people raising animals for meat. The misuse would be prescribing the drugs completely incorrectly. In doing this, superbugs are produced and they are extremely antibiotic resistant and almost impossible to stop. Antibiotics also kill some of the good and helpful bacteria inside of the body which may allow resistant bacteria to fill in. The human body itself has sets up its own defenses with pathogens and other walls that fight and harmful bacteria off without any use of antibiotics. It is very faulty to overuse any type...
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...Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Kwame D. Brooks BIO/101 October 16, 2014 Prof. Rafael Frim Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Even though the indiscriminate use of antibiotics is enhanced by their free and uncontrolled availability ‘across the counter’, particularly in developing and Third World countries where regulatory mechanisms leave much to be desired. Alternately, even in developed countries, there is a clear connection between overall antibiotic intake and the rate of recurrence of the discovery of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. According to Barry Commoner, “First law of ecology: ‘Everything is related to everything else’.” As such, these antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolves into a most important health problem that becomes the foundation for some patients to be incurable to previously treated infections because the development of antibiotic resistance. This is primarily due to disproportionate and often superfluous use of antibiotics in humans and animals. According to G. Gopal Rio “Risk factors for the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals and the community can be summarized as overcrowding, lapses in hygiene or poor infection control practices. Increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria has been exacerbated by the slow pace in developing newer antibiotics and bacteria can be innately resistant or may acquire resistance to antibiotics” (1998). In essence, these two types of conflict are probably in the same way significant in the perspective of the management...
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...Self-Study Quiz: What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? You Decide What Can We Do About Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria? Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Then present a plan for reducing this problem in the future. Keep these questions in mind: • What data supports the hypothesis that antibiotic-resistance is on the rise? What problems do you see in this data? Can you propose a way to overcome these problems? • Which methods have been successful in decreasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? Which methods have not? • What shortcomings or errors do these given studies have? Can you design a new study that would overcome them? Student Deliverable: |Summarize, evaluate, and argue the validity of the data that demonstrate the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | | | |Can antibiotic resistance be overcome? Let's start with washing our hands often with soap and water this will help to prevent a disease and | |also the need for antibiotics. Also, while handling food such as meet make sure meat is cooked though, and the food is handled hygienically. | |This will help with food-borne illnesses. We need to make sure to take antibiotics only if needed. What is happening is...
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...Antibiotics: Not Always the Answer It was flu season. Almost everyone was getting sick. For a few days, my throat felt constricted, making it hard for me to swallow down food. Thinking that it was a cold, I ignored it and went on with my daily schedule. Two weeks passed, there was no change. I never really thought about looking at my throat to see what was going on, but once I looked, my tonsils were the size of golf balls. I went straight to my doctor, hoping it wasn't tonsillitis. The first thing we had to figure out was to see if this was a bacterial or viral infection. My tests results for strep throat, mononucleosis, tonsillitis, and blood samples to test for bacterial infection were all negative. My doctor reported that my results indicated that I had some sort of virus, and did not prescribe me antibiotics, raising questions for why I shouldn't be taking antibiotics for my infection. Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of them in 1927, antibiotics have played a profound role in ridding the population of bacterial infections. Antibiotics are chemicals that work to kill disease-causing, single-cell living organisms called bacteria ("The Danger of Antibiotic Overuse"). Bacteria can surpass our immune system, reproduce, and cause diseases or infection by producing chemicals that damage our bodies ("What Are Antibiotics? How Do Antibiotics Work?"). For instance, bacteria can invade our inner ear and cause a bacterial ear infection. Our immune system works to fight the...
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...1). Just four years after the mass-production of penicillin, new bacteria arose that could resist the antibiotic, thus posing a renewed threat to the world’s population. Ever since the establishment of antibiotics, new “superbugs” have appeared that for years have challenged scientists to keep up with specialized medications to defeat and prevent these intrusive foes. Although most scientists have been effective in their research, newer, and stronger strains of super bacteria continue to appear. Many experts have concluded that the misuse of antibiotics is the main factor for the growth of this naturally occurring phenomenon. Due to incorrect prescriptions, poor drug quality and supply, and user non-compliance, antibiotic resistant bacteria have grown significantly in numbers, and now pose as a major threat to the global population. As humans, we tend to put our trust and our entire lives at the hands of our medical experts. Healthcare is one of the most expensive services in this country, so why should someone have to worry about contracting a superbug infection? Presently, there are many types of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but the six most common make up the acronym ESKAPE: which are Staphylococcus Aureus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Acinetobacter Baunnannii, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Enterobacter (Watson 10). The fact that there are so many complex strains of resistant bacteria helps to understand how prescribing treatment may be difficult. In...
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...What Can We Do About Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria? Essay Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria is bacteria that has mutated and have become immune to antibiotics to treat them. In science terms Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic; this was said in an article called Antibiotic Resistance on Daily Science website. In all the scientific terms it is hard to understand exactly what all of this means, the simplest way to explain it is when antibiotics become ineffective it is due to natural selection evolving in random mutation. When antibiotics become ineffective to killing bacteria it becomes a problem, but how do we fix it and what are we going to do about it? What I have gotten out of the articles I have read. Scientists are studying all the possibilities and were of how to prevent genes from mutation so that we will not become immune to the antibiotics that we have to help heal the infections we typically encounter. There are a lot of studies going on, these are to develop a way to make sure that we do not meet a “superbug," meaning a disease or infection that we cannot fight off because out genes have mutated and we have no antibiotics or treatment. If we do not find a way to prevent our genes from mutating it could result in the extinction of the human race. So in order for that not to happen we either needs to find a way to prevent our genes from mutating or come up with antibiotics or treatments to fight these changes...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...grapes, and “kokkos” means berries. Those bacteria under the microscope appear like a branch of grapes or berries. 1. Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen that causes this infection called staph infections. It resides on the skin, in the mouth, the genital, anus, and at the beginning of the nasal area. They multiply rapidly to form a colony, and they harmlessly occupied these areas of your body. As soon as the skin is torn or broken, they rush in to invade that surface, and if not quickly treated they causes significant damage through serious infections. The bacteria appear in many forms and are able to create multiple diseases at once. For example acne, boils, styes (infections of the eyelids) are the result of their action. They can be the cause of urinary track infections, and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These Bacteria build up strength naturally, and they will not dissipate with the common antibiotics treatment such as penicillin, special medications are required. 2. Infectious agent evolve within food and water in many forms; for example, when leaving meals and beverages exposed out in the air after a few hours it releases a toxin that creates a colony of staphylococcus aureus. Unfortunately, they are too complex to see with naked eyes to pick them apart before eating. When cooking, use patience to complete the recipe properly, because eating raw or poorly cooked foods will create the bacillus cereus bacteria, agent of infections. Meat is tasty...
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...What can we do about Antibiotic-Resistance Bacteria? After completing the assigned activity I learned that there were a few points of evidence that demonstrated the problem of antibiotic resistance. I also found recorded data of methods that have been successful in decreasing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and some methods that were not so successful. Since the 1930’s antibiotics have been administered to treat several types of infectious diseases. The unearthing discovery of antibiotics was a phenomenon. Death rates decreased by the thousands and there was hope for the people who would contract pneumonia or tuberculosis. However just like most happy stories there are trials and tribulations. One of the approaches that were unsuccessful was antibiotic rotation on resistance. The method was instead of prescribing of a steady prescription of antibiotics to an individual at a constant, the doctor could rotate the prescription of antibiotics on occasion. So in other words the patient would interchange between antibiotics sporadically. The trial experiment was two separate groups. The control group was prescribed a single antibiotic during a short visit at the hospital and the rotation group was prescribed three different antibiotics on an alternating basis. The idea was a great one, however it was also unsuccessful. The incidence of antibiotic-resistance bacteria was higher in the rotation than in the control group. Another approach that seemed...
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...INDUSTRIAL ANIMAL AGRICULTURE 1. Some definitions: What is ‘industrial animal agriculture’, and what are its properties? What are zoonoses? Industrial animal agriculture is a modern form of intensive farming that uses intensive production lines and is designed to produce the highest output at the lowest cost. Industrial farms use new technology which provides them with high mechanisation, speed in production and low labour requirements. The animals in industrial farms are kept usually indoors with extremely restricted mobility. Battery cages for laying hens and veal crates are just some of many examples of industrial farming. (Garces & Nierenberg, 2005) Zoonoses are any diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Some examples of zoonoses are : Avian Flu, Nipah Virus.(Graces et. al.,2005) 2. What are the main concerns for human health arising from industrial agriculture? Firstly industrial framings produce large amounts of manure that pollutes water and air. This pollution may cause many human diseases for example ‘blue baby syndrome’ or E.Coli poisoning. Secondly, the animals in some industrial farms are fed with antibiotics to promote growth and prevent diseases. This was also proven to be a danger for humans as widespread use of antibiotics results in breading super pathogens (drug resistant bacteria).Besides antibiotics there are also other toxic substances which are used to feed the animals on these farms. These toxins may be contaminated in animal...
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...As we have sped into the 21st century, we have run into the issue of keeping up food supply with the demands of the growing population. To keep up with these new demands, large food companies have enlisted the help of scientists to engineer our foods to make them easier, faster, and cheaper to grow. Unfortunately, using Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is bad not only for the health of us humans, but also the health of our environments. I believe that we should stop using genetically modified foods so that we can avoid liver disease, kidney disease and an increased risk of cancer in humans, and stop the rise of antibiotic resistance in animals and on crops. Throughout the past several decades, as we have funded the genetic engineering of our food, the higher ups of the food companies have turned a blind eye to the health risks that consuming engineered food have to us, and have conveniently forgotten to inform the everyday consumer of these risks. In “Evidence Grows of Harmful Effects of GMOs on Human Health” by Helke Ferrie, who has a MA in Physical Anthropology and has spent much time working with the World Health Organization, states that according to Canadian research “93% of all fetuses and their mothers tested were found to be contaminated with toxins associated with GM foods” (Ferrie 2) and that there is proof “GM soy products cause pre-cancerous changes to the ovaries and uterus of animals that consume them” (Ferrie 2). To begin with, the most important stage of...
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