...Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level. Molecular genetics employs the methods of genetics and molecular biology to elucidate molecular function and interactions among genes. It is so called to differentiate it from other sub fields of genetics such as ecological genetics and population genetics. Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation. I disagree with the use of GM (genetically modified) crops. Scientists need further research on that before using those GMOs. Scientists also need to know the long term effects of GMOs when people continue using it. It may not be studied yet, but as soon as possible all the people should be inform about the effects of GMOs. Genetically modified foods might cause illness such as cancer, according to Dr. Stanley Ewen, raised the concern that food...
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...Gene Technology Nelly Solorzano Strayer University SCI115008VA016-1158-001 Intro to Biology Kerry Lee November 29, 2015 Gene Technology Biological basis - Genetic engineering is a laboratory process by which an individual genome is purposely modified. With genetic engineering a gene from one species can be transferred to another and produce an organism that is transgenic or a gene can be altered and reinserted into an individual of the same species. Either way resulting in genetically modified organism also known as GMO. One GMO being used now is genetically modified or engineered animals which are animals in which modern technology and molecular biology are used to alter their existing characteristics or traits. Genetically modified animals are used for various purposes the biggest one now is bio pharma meaning they are intended to produce substances that can be used for human or animal pharmaceuticals. There is also a development of genetically modified animals for the use of scarce cells, tissue, or organs for transplants into humans known as xenotransplantation such as organs from pigs who are a potential source of organs for transplant. The benefits genetically modified animals can produce depend entirely on the traits that are introduced, for example some animals can be made to grow faster and therefore requiring less food to sustain them other animals have improved fat composition providing a more healthful nutrient profile. As of now no genetic modified...
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...Laboratory biosafety manual Third edition World Health Organization Geneva 2004 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World Health Organization. Laboratory biosafety manual. – 3rd ed. 1.Containment of biohazards - methods 2.Laboratories - standards 3.Laboratory infection - prevention and control 4.Manuals I.Title. ISBN 92 4 154650 6 (LC/NLM classification: QY 25) WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2004.11 This publication was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number U50/CCU012445-08 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning...
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... | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |SCI/230 Version 7 | | |Introduction to Life Science | Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course applies a broad, conceptual understanding of biology. Students are introduced to scientific ideologies and concepts that not only shape our biological world, but also shape us as humans. Students examine the scientific method, evolution and biodiversity, the biology of cells, energy systems, the dynamics of inheritance, and the effect humans have on the environment. The text emphasizes methods and the theoretical foundations of ideas, while minimizing isolated facts. It stresses the integration of ideas, making connections that form our understanding of the living world. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials...
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...MICHAEL AWUAH DENKYIRAH BIO/101-PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY NOVEMBER 16TH, 2013. JEBA INBARASU 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. Answer: The scientific method is the best way yet discovered for distinguioshing the truth from lies and delusions. The scientific method is just a list of steps that one needs to follow when solving a problem. The procedures for scientific methods are: a. Questions and Observation: One must observe some aspect of the universe and ask questions about it. Do research about the observation. b. Experiment and Evidence: Invent a tentative description, called a hypothesis that is consistent with what you have observed .Use the hypothesis to make guesses or predictions .Test those predictions by experiments or further observations and modify the hypothesis in the light of your results. c. Analyzing the date and draw conclusions from the experiments d. Publishing our final results into journals or a display board for other professionals to examine our scientific work. When consistency is obtained the hypothesis becomes a theory and provides a...
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...Ecology Background Information Ecology means the environment as it relates to living organisms. This relates with the different organisms working together in the stream with its surroundings. Ecology also means the study of interactions of organisms with their environment. It studies how environmental factors determine distribution and abundance of populations. At the creek the surrounding factors of the stream determined how many fish and water invertebrates we found in the different areas. Introduction / Purpose The section of Kickapoo Creek we were at was located off of Loxa Rd. between Mattoon and Charleston. Group C was about a fourth of a mile down the creek. It was very hot (about 84-85 degrees) with a slight breeze. The stream was wide but shallow, and felt cool in the hot air. The stream was curved shaped and had no slope to it. It had a lot of leaves, twigs, and logs in the water. There were also some tires at the bottom of the creek in different places. Shaping the creek was a cliff sort of thing and at the top of it was a bean field. To get down to the stream we had to go down this windy path near the bridge. The stream had a bunch of schools of fish and other water creatures. In the stream there were fish, clams, rocks, sand, algae, bugs, invertebrates, and grass all over. The flow of the water was kind of a run/ripple in different areas. The purpose of going to the creek was to figure out the physical and chemical characteristics of the stream, to observe organisms...
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...Evolution and Natural Selection The purpose of this lab is to observe how variables in an organism’s environment can show adaptations over different periods of time and given different variables or changes to the environment or that organism. In this experiment it will show that manipulating the size of the island by 10 mm over a course of 100 years will show evidence of the Finches beak to grow or decrease in size because of their environment and their need to survive. The survivors will evolve while the others parish this experiment illustrates natural selection and evolution. Another variable or change to observe will be an increase or decrease in clutch size. Population of offspring over periods of time can largely be viewed effecting evolution and adaptation in this experiment. I believe the outcome of this experiment will depend totally on modification of increase or decrease, meaning whatever is being input and it is increasing size or numbers of the finches it will continue that same pattern increasingly higher than the opposition untouched. However if the input modifications are decreased that will decrease the size and population of finches below that of those on the opposing island. The materials for this experiment include a laptop computer with internet access and accessibility to the Phoenix student website where the evolution lab is located in the materials section. In the first iteration of changes to be input was to the clutch size of the finches...
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...Q. Effect of heredity and environment on the development of personality. Ans. What is Personality? Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations. Some say that personality is inherited or hereditary. Some raised the idea that it is environment that shapes one’s personality. Both are correct, many studies have shown that both heredity and environment are responsible in shaping an individual’s personality. Heredity is one of the major factors in the development of our personality. Hereditary factors were passed by our parents and ancestors to us. The individual’s talent and some other traits are just few examples of these traits. The environment is another factor in personality development. These include the place we live and the people around us. Our experiences in our day to day life, as well as the people whom we associated with such as our family, friends, people in the school, in the church and the community as a whole, all influences our personality. Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories suggest that personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment. Behavioral theorists include B. F. Skinner and Albert Bandura. Biological and Evolutionary Approaches to Personality suggests that important components of personality are inherited. Research on heritability suggests that there is a link...
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...Kaylee Thelen Genetic Diversity Generally speaking, there are numerous issues related to genetic diversity which include mutations, sexual reproduction, migration, and population size. Genetic diversity, or the level of biodiversity, refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. To begin, a mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations can be caused by many different things. They can be caused by radiation and can also be induced by the organism itself. This process is called hyper mutation. Mutations are changes in an organism's DNA that potentially affect the correct functioning of genes. Mutations happen naturally when genes have dysfunctions. Changes in DNA caused by mutation can cause errors mutations have damaging effects, and the remainder end up being either neutral or weakly beneficial. This happens sometimes when natural radiation was not able to be avoided. However, the mutation rate is increased by radiation, including ultraviolet light, and exposure to certain toxic chemicals. Mutations can be grouped in two types. One is Spontaneous mutations and the other is Induced Mutations. Then you have sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is the formation of a new individual following the union of two gametes. These gametes have specific needs. A gamete has to meet and unite together...
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...Although, it is tricky to verify the stage to which differences associated with sex of the understand are biologically based or are the cultural manufactured from traditional differences in sex role. Organism sex and intercourse function so far had been hopelessly confounded in experiments with human subjects. Eros gives one the sexual instinct as Eros is mainly based with romance, love, intimacy and procreation. These facts put one on the edge as they consider the act of sex as a recurrent feeling leading to people anticipating for more. Preservation of lifestyles and the renovation of the species seems as basic needs for health, protection and sustenance, and through sexual drives that are accomplished. Thanatos, however, seems in opposition and balances to Eros and pushes a person towards extinction and an 'inanimate state'. It is said that the purpose of lifestyles is death and that inanimate issues existed before dying, but as residing humans, we will have to keep away from the negativity that includes the impact of Thanatos, and we may actually embody Eros impacts that are deemed to be certain. I say intercourse is more Eros that are after considering; Thanatos vs Eros which is equal to games versus intimacy, aggression, as opposed to assertion, I am really not okay versus i am okay, lose versus win, pageant versus cooperation, script versus autonomy. All the above scenarios above revolve approximately negativity and positivity, coexistence of the 2 is not a topic...
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...Organism Physiology Paper Bonnie Espanol BIO/101 October 9, 2012 Audrey Stevenson Organism Physiology Organism Physiology is the method in which many diverse living organisms are considered to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth that can be defined as Evolution. Several organisms have evolved as a result of environmental changes within their habitats. To understand better this paper will examine a diagram of a dolphin and give details about how the dolphin has evolved physiologically and has become adapted to fit the environment. Dolphin Characteristics Dolphins inhabit all oceans and the seven seas; some also inhabit larger river systems. Dolphins are extremely social organism and use communication for the function of hunting, defense, and reproduction. In general a dolphins live pods of up to a dozen individuals. Dolphin pods can emerge temporally forming a superpod the emerging pods may exceed thousands of dolphins. Attachments in pods are not set; interchange is regular. On the other hand, dolphins can generate great social bonds; they will remain with wounded or individuals in poor health, even assisting other dolphins to breathe by bringing them to the surface if required. Dolphins are carnivores their diet consists of fish, squid, octopus, cuttlefish, crabs, shrimps, and lobsters. Dolphins are a food source for sharks, and killer whales. The most dangerous predator for the dolphin is humankind. Man slaughters dolphins...
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...Beren Robinson Field Study Paper Ryan Miller BIO/315 Michelle Gray 1/30/13 Beren Robinson Field Study Paper In the field study of Beren Robinson there where many important aspects of the tests performed, including how species adapt and morph during certain environmental situations. One of the main aspects was taking the species out of its natural habitat to see how they perform under specific environmental changes. In this particular study these included location change, water depth and also food type. The study also showed relation to ecology and evolution because the relationship between the species and the environment was tested to discover possible evolution along with the two being heritable. As far as evolution it displayed original characteristics along with evolved ones of the similar species once switched into a different setting. Some of the original observations found by researchers included samples from the open-water habitat differed morphologically from those species sampled from the shallower near shore waters. The question of study would have been does the constraints of the different environments pose threat or is responsible to the evolution of the species. While “Robinson hypothesized that these individuals represented distinct phenotypes that are products of natural selection promoting divergence within the population” (Robinson, 2000). The variables in this study where the three spine stickleback species from...
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...Biology Biome: the largest division of the biosphere. Biosphere: the thin layer of air, land, and water on or near Earth’s surface in which all living things on Earth exists. Climatograph: A graph of climate data for a specific region. Ecosystem: a part of a biome in which abiotic components interact with biotic components. Biodiversity: the variety of all living species of plants, animals, and micro-organisms on Earth. Niche: The special role an organism plays in an ecosystem, including the way in which it contributes to and fits into environment. Structural adaptations: a physical feature of an organism’s body having a specific function that contributes to survival of the organism. Physiological: a physical and chemical event that occurs within the body of an organism that enables survival. Behavioral: what an organism does to survive in the unique conditions of its environment. Species: a group of closely related organisms. Population: all members of a particular species. Community: all the population of the different species. Bioremediation: the use of organisms (micro or plants), to break down chemical pollutants in water or soil to reverse/lessen environmental damage. Decomposition: breaking down of organic wastes and dead organisms. Biodegradation: action of living things such as bacteria to break down dead organic matter. Decomposer: change wastes and dead organisms into usable nutrients. Detrivores: consumers that obtain their energy by eating bodies...
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...Haidar Siddiqui, Cubby Maquera 1/9/13 Period 2 Animal Organs in Humans: Unresolved There are many public health risks such as transplantation of organs and tissue of animals to humans. The human immune system would reject another animal's organ. Even among humans, the people have to have the same blood type and preferably be related (have very close genetic information). Other risks such as animal germs transferring to humans can cause major problems. Part of why adding animal organs to humans has grown debatably in recent times is because people think they have nothing to lose when they are in pain and in the risk of death. People would do anything now days to see another day in this world, so even if it means getting animal organs into their body, they’re all in for it. Surgeons also are a long way of finding off before figuring out how to use them successfully. Immunologic effects could occur if animal’s organs are transplanted into humans. Antigens on the surfaces of cells in animal organs are drastically different from human antigens which will lead to organ necrosis. Certain diseases can cross the species barrier and infect the patient if the animal organ is not appropriately chosen. Physiological differences between humans and the animal species means that the animal organ may not be designed to perform the same function that it does in humans or it...
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...BIOLOGY 111-01 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I MWF 9:00-9:50 FALL, 2013 Instructor: Ellen S. Lamb Office: 307 Sullivan Phone: 334-4974 (office) Email: eslamb@uncg.edu Office Hours: TBD For whom intended: Bio 111 is the first of a two-semester series of general biology courses for science majors. IF YOU HAVE BEEN ADMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF NURSING, YOU SHOULD NOT BE IN THIS COURSE!!! If you are considered “prehealth,” instead, then this is where you should be. This course satisfies one of the natural science courses (GNS) necessary for the completion of the General Education Curriculum (GEC) requirements. However, this course is not intended for non-science majors. Major Concepts in Biology (Bio 105), which may be taken with a laboratory component (Bio 105L), is also a GEC Natural Science course and is designed for students who are not majoring in the sciences. NOTE: YOU MUST BE REGISTERED FOR BIOLOGY 111 LABORATORY (BIO 111L) Required Items: • Text: Principles of Life, Hillis et al; 2012; first edition; you also need online access to BioPortal • Lab Manual: Principles of Biology I – A laboratory manual for students in BIO 111, 2013-2014 edition; (Lab coordinator is Mr. Joseph Bundy, Sullivan 304. Only he can help you recycle a previous lab grade, although you are welcome to ask me questions before seeing Mr. Bundy.) • Answer Sheets: All tests will be optically scanned multiple choice; YOU must provide your own 200-item answer sheets (Scantron Sheets...
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