...Establishment and recognition: 1909 through 1920s In 1909, Gabrielle Chanel opened a shop on the ground floor of Étienne Balsan's apartment in Paris—the beginnings of what would later become one of the greatest fashion empires in the world.[1] The Balsan home was a meeting place of the hunting elite of France and the gentlemen brought their fashionable mistresses along, giving Coco the opportunity to sell the women decorated hats. During this time, Coco Chanel struck up a relationship with Arthur 'Boy' Capel, a member of the Balsan men's group. He saw a businesswoman in Coco and helped her acquire her location at 31 Rue Cambon in Paris by 1910.[1] There was already a couture shop in the building, and so Coco was not allowed in her lease to produce couture dresses.[1] In 1912, Coco Chanel opened her first millinery shop in Paris and in 1913, Chanel introduced women's sportswear at her new boutique in Deauville and Biarritz, France. Chanel's designs tended to be simple rather than opulent in look. She detested the fashions of women who came to these resort towns.[1][3] World War I affected fashion. Coal was scarce and women were doing the factory jobs that men had held prior to the war; they needed warm clothing that would stand up to working conditions. Chanel fossella's designs from this era were affected by the new idea of women's sports. During World War I, Coco opened another larger shop on Rue Cambon in front of the Hôtel Ritz Paris.[1] Here she sold flannel blazers, straight...
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...turning points that occurred during this time were the Women’s Right Movement and the Stock Market Crash. There were also many pieces of legislations passed during this time. All of these had a major impact on the economy, politics and culture of America. The woman suffrage movement actually began in 1848, when the first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. For the next 50 years, woman suffrage supporters worked to educate the public about the validity of woman suffrage. Under the leadership of Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and other women’s rights pioneers, suffragists circulated petitions and lobbied Congress to pass a Constitutional Amendment to enfranchise women (Reforming their World:Women in the Progressive Era, 2007). Leadership of the suffrage movement passed to two organizations. The first, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), under the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt, was a moderate organization. The NAWSA undertook campaigns to enfranchise women in individual states, and simultaneously lobbied President Wilson and Congress to pass a woman suffrage Constitutional Amendment (Schultz, 2012). The second group, the National Woman’s Party (NWP), under the leadership of Alice Paul, was a more militant organization. The NWP undertook radical actions, including picketing the White House, in order to convince Wilson and Congress to pass a woman suffrage amendment (Schultz, 2012). In 1920, due to the combined efforts...
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...Josephine Baker is a dynamic revolutionary performer, movie star, fashion icon, hero of the French Resistance, humanitarian, and a mother of twelve adopted children of various ethnicities. And importantly she is a legacy of imagery and symbolism. From the start, the African American Josephine Baker, was a survivor. Far from the glitter and gaiety that characterized her beloved Paris, Baker’s beginnings were harsh and difficult. Born in the slums of St. Louis, Missouri in 1906, she grew up sleeping in cardboard shelters and scavenging for food in garbage cans. At the age of eight Baker was hired out to a white woman as a maid. She was forced to sleep in the coal cellar with a pet dog and was scalded on the hands when she used too much soap in laundry. She also witnessed the cruel East St. Louis race riot of 1917. She left school early for her age and was performing professionally at the age of thirteen. She left her parents’ house and got a job as a waitress until she encountered a group of performers called the Jones Family Band, that led her to her first stage debut at the Booker T. Washington Theatre, a black vaudeville house in St. Louis. By the age of eighteen, she was out of Missouri, had been discovered in New York and was performing with numerous troupes in various stage productions. She performed on Broadway in 1922, Shuffle Along and appeared as a star by 1924 in Chocolate Dandies. For a city that was bursting with spirit and rhythm of jazz, Baker was a perfect match. She...
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...In the 1920’s there was a cultural movement that came about known as the Harlem Renaissance, which was also known as The New Negro Movement, named after Alain Locke in 1925 for his literature work. It is called the Harlem Renaissance due to the fact that it was the biggest district affected in the New African-American cultural expression which was also a part of the movement. Black francophone writers that originated from Africa and different parts of the Caribbean that lived in Paris played a big role in The Harlem Renaissance. Harlem was mainly a black neighborhood which attracted a wide variety of literary writers. Even though racism still was present in Harlem, the community was too diverse for cultural authority, thus making it an ideal area for cultural experiment. Three important things that allowed the Harlem Renaissance to happen so successfully were It was the most famous city situated in the western hemisphere known for publishing, word renowned ports, and the most financial and cultural capital in the U.S. African art used to portray stories also came about from the Harlem Renaissance due to an artist of the 20th century by the name of Pablo Picasso. Black history was first celebrated during the Harlem Renaissance in 1928. Langston Hughes was the most famous writer that was a part of this renaissance. He connected with his people by discussing the needs, desires and beauty of the community. Langston argued that the renaissance in the 1920’s were too racist and...
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...Coco Chanel Fashion designer. Born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. With her trademark suits and little black dresses, Coco Chanel created timeless designs that are still popular today. She herself became a much revered style icon known for her simple yet sophisticated outfits paired with great accessories, such as several strands of pearls. As Chanel once said,“luxury must be comfortable, otherwise it is not luxury.” Her early years, however, were anything but glamorous. After her mother’s death, Chanel was put in an orphanage by her father who worked as a peddler. She was raised by nuns who taught her how to sew—a skill that would lead to her life’s work. Her nickname came from another occupation entirely. During her brief career as a singer, Chanel performed in clubs in Vichy and Moulins where she was called “Coco.” Some say that the name comes from one of the songs she used to sing, and Chanel herself said that it was a “shortened version of cocotte, the French word for ‘kept woman,” according to an article in The Atlantic. Around the age of 20, Chanel became involved with Etienne Balsan who offered to help her start a millinery business in Paris. She soon left him for one of his even wealthier friends, Arthur “Boy” Capel. Both men were instrumental in Chanel’s first fashion venture. Opening her first shop on Paris’s Rue Cambon in 1910, Chanel started out selling hats. She later added stores in Deauville and Biarritz and began making clothes. Her first...
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...1909, Gabrielle Chanel opened a shop on the ground floor of Étienne Balsan's apartment in Paris—the beginnings of what would later become one of the greatest fashion empires in the world.[2] The Balsan home was a meeting place of the hunting elite of France and the gentlemen brought their fashionable mistresses along, giving Coco the opportunity to sell the women decorated hats. During this time, Coco Chanel struck up a good relationship with Arthur 'Boy' Capel, a member of the Balsan men's group. He saw a businesswoman in Coco and helped her acquire her location at 31 Rue Cambon in Paris by 1910.[2] There was already a couture shop in the building, and so Coco was not allowed in her lease to produce couture dresses.[2] In 1912, Coco Chanel opened her first millinery shop in Paris and in 1913, Chanel introduced women's sportswear at her new boutique in Deauville and Biarritz, France. Chanel's designs tended to be simple rather than opulent in look. She detested the fashions of women who came to these resort towns.[2][5] World War I affected fashion. Coal was scarce and women were doing the factory jobs that men had held prior to the war; they needed warm clothing that would stand up to working conditions. Chanel fossella's designs from this era were affected by the new idea of women's sports. During World War I, Coco opened another larger shop on Rue Cambon in front of the Hôtel Ritz Paris.[2] Here she sold flannel blazers, straight linen skirts, sailor tops, long jersey sweaters...
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...the 1920’s. The economic boom after World War 1 liberated the American people resulting in an increase in population who were happy and worry-free. This inspired artists and writers to be creative. Some stories helped people dream and conquer all but others showed the hardships people faced. The Algonquin Round Table Journalists, editors, actors, and press agents met on a regular basis at the Algonquin Hotel in New York began meeting in June 1919 and continued fro eight years. They contributed to hit plays, bestselling books, and popular newspaper columns. They shared admiration for each other’s work. These people had very high standards and they were very outspoken, outrageous, and they often quoted one each other. This group began to fade away as The Great Depression neared. They were a great example of American artists F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote several stories with The Great Gatsby being his most famous work. This story helped inspire people to believe that they could dream anything and achieve it. Fitzgerald’s stories were mainly about people becoming very successful in the social and financial worlds, but they did not share the same prosperity and the morals. He also wrote This Side of Paradise. Unfortunately, not all books were happy and motivating. Several writers wrote about the hardships people faced in the 1920’s. In Alain Locke’s The New Negro, Locke wrote about the hopeless look on the blacks in the United States. This also provided black writers...
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...Comp 1302 The Harlem Renaissance, (1920’s – mid 1930’s) was a movement that created black cultural acknowledgement for artist. In Harlem, a neighborhood in the city of New York, Alain Locke became the center of this movement for black artist. Locke transformed the way of thinking for black artists during The Harlem Renaissance, not only opened the doors for other black writers, it made away for blacks in the now generation, in comparison with the civil rights movement. The Harlem Renaissance started the beginning of the post World War II part of the Civil Rights movement. These transitions created forward movement for black artist literature. In studying the African American culture, the 1920’s was a time when blacks and white Americans discovered the uniqueness of black art, music and literature. Many people that spoke French were black writers from African and Caribbean colonies. Also they lived in Paris and were influenced by the Renaissance, so they built they’re confidence and continued working harder on their gift. Contributing factors before the Harlem Renaissance was The Great Migration of African Americans to the northern parts of the U. S. These cities included: Chicago, Cleveland, New York, and Philadelphia, which this movement forced employers to create jobs for lots of people. The breakthrough of the Harlem Renaissance actually began in the late 1917. Plays written by white play writer, Ridgely Torrence, featured black actors in his plays. James Weldon Johnson...
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...This book was taken back in the 1920's. Many things happened in the 20's, which what I will be talking about in my paper. I will be reforming to you what the Jazz Age is and what is was. Also in this novel The Great Gatsby. F. Schtt Fitzgerald portrays the reckless life he and his wife Zelda lived in the 1920's by comparing it to the lives of Tom and Daisy Buchanan. The Jazz Age was a big up roar with the centries. The way the Jazz Age got it's name was from the music. Start of the 1900's the "Jazz" type of music came out. People starting listening to the Jazz Music because it has a soft, swinging beat. Starting out into the music and then when everyone realized that is was cool they said that this time is called the "The Jazz Age is Born". In Paris, they banned dancing in public since of the war and it was the effect at the end of the 1918th centries but that wasnt't going to stop them from dancing. Many balls were held in Paris, because they loved dancing so much. During the pre-war era, many young americans were getting in trouble by their elders for the breaking the law such as, using slang, dancing low class dances, and loved dancing to the African American influences. Lots of the women in this time were getting but down since they were no longer using the corset, they were wearing much shorter skirts that showed their ankles, cutting their hair to a very short length with was very against what they did.Durring the Roaring 20's the most popular music would have been the...
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...I remember the 1920s well in my younger years we loved to brawl punch, kick and bite. Actually most of the time we were actually in a bar heavily drunk. Steeplechase had made in its debut in the 1920 Antwerp Olympics (Antwerp 1920s Athletics). Some then caught the attention of scouts who wanted a man who could take a punch. Those people would then be taken in the arms of those scouts and put in the boxing league to make something outta themselves. When you think of the 1920s boxing era you all think about Jack Dempsey. In my time during the 1920s era it was all about ethnicity during the boxing era of the 1920s (Racism). Racism in boxing made it difficult for African American fighters to compete for world titles and a so called Negro circuit...
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...Chanel ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Born: August 19, 1882 in Saumur, France * Died: January 10, 1971 in Paris, France * Nationality: French * Occupation: Fashion designer Legend. Coco Chanel once declared, "Legend is the consecration of celebrity," and no other fashion designer in history has exceeded either Chanel's celebrity or her legend. She was a fiercely independent lover of dukes, industrialists, and artists; a confidante of many of the creative geniuses of her day—among them, writer Jean Cocteau, painter Pablo Picasso, ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev, and composer Igor Stravinsky; and a self-created image of the free-spirited "new woman" of the 1920s. Through her personal example and the fashion empire she established, Chanel launched and sustained the movement toward simplicity, practicality, and unfussy elegance in women's clothing. "A fashion that does not reach the streets is not a fashion," she said, and by the early years of the 1920s, Chanel fashion had reached streets throughout Europe and the United States. Early Life. Chanel both obscured and embroidered upon the facts of her early life; as one of her biographers declared, "She was herself a Chanel creation." Though she claimed to have been born in Auvergne in 1893, records show that she was actually born in the poorhouse of the town of Saumur ten years earlier. Her mother, a poorhouse employee, and her father, an itinerant tradesman, were...
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...Chapter 21: The Roaring Life of the 1920s Section 1: Changing Ways of Life I. Rural and Urban Differences A. Between 1922 and 1929, migration to the cities accelerated, with nearly 2 million people leaving farms and towns each year (small town values change) 1. City dwellers judged one another by their accomplishments more often than their background a. City dwellers tolerated drinking, gambling, and casual dating (shocking and sinful in small towns) 2. Cities could be impersonal and frightening b. Life was fast paced and neighbors were not as neighborly B. Prohibition: the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited 3. 18th Amendment: ratified Jan, 1919 and repealed by the 21st Amendment in Dec, 1933 C. Positive Opinions/Results of Prohibition: 4. Progressives wanted it banned to stop family violence, crime, and poverty c. Support for prohibition was found in the rural native-Protestant dominated West and South d. The church-affiliated Anti-Saloon League led the drive to pass Prohibition e. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union considered drinking a sin 5. WW I reformers advocated prohibition as a war measure f. People were concerned that many German Americans owned many of the brewers g. Drinking reduced the efficiency of soldiers and workers 6. Learned we must...
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...great artists during this time, their economy had a major impact on people's lives, and alcohol impacted women and others. World War I broke up artistic communities in Paris and Munich. Most artist did join the army. Artists were to record the events at war. Men who were too old for active duty or who had been injured and returned home were an official war artist. Artist had rules during this period of time. They were not allowed to use shapes or lines to make art (Gaff). Alcohol was very big during the Roaring Twenties. The flapper was a younger woman with bobbed hair and short skirts, who did not do lady-like things, who drinks, and smokes. Flappers wanted freedom. The 19th Amendment gave people the right to vote in 1920. Therefore, women were able to work now. Technology made it easier for women to do household work. Birth control helped women have less children. The 18th Amendment banned the making and selling of alcohol. People started selling...
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...or the Roaring Twenties as the 1920’s has been known to be called; when everybody seemed to have had money to party. The nightmare of the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 was inconceivable right up until it happened. While looking backward in time, when we hear “The Roaring Twenties” we tend to think almost automatically: mobsters, flappers, the Charleston (dance), a nightlife that seemingly was the highlight of the day, and that is what Hollywood would have you believe. Actually Hollywood has its beginnings in the twenties and celebrated the culture. The new fad was a new music form called Jazz; a culture for a new generation, a passion for the young adult, a crossover appeal that rocked the urbanites of America and a passionate people who were not just fascinated by jazz but supported it. Langston Hughes described jazz as, “The music from the trumpet at the Negroes lips is honey mixed with liquid fire.” At first the art form was not accepted by black intellectuals. Most blacks distanced themselves from a music that seems to draw white attention to black culture; criticized and called it folk art. Jazz was born in brothels, performed in speakeasies which were illegal, actually brought together music lovers of all races in some clubs. Jazz went from being played only in New Orleans to becoming a staple of the American airwaves, dance halls, and homes. African Americans seeking to improve their situations began to migrate northward in the 1920s, bringing jazz and blues to northern...
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...led by Jane Adams and other well-known reformers. The WPP dedicated itself to promoting pacifism and feminism. The WPP leaders maintained that women suffrage and women’s participation in government would stop this and future wars. To them, wars represented the failure of male leaders (pg. 320). 2. BESSIE COLEMAN- The first black woman to earn her pilot’s license in 1921. Coleman crashed and died while practicing for an air show in Orlando, Florida. After Coleman’s death, her friends and fans took up her dream of establishing a flying school black Americans, naming it the Bessie Coleman School (pg. 344). 3. ADELINA OTERO-WARREN- With an elite background and was bi-lingual, Warren proved to be active and influential in the woman suffrage movement. She managed to reach out to Hispanas of other classes, convincing many of them that the patriarchal system could change, and that women could and should have the right to vote. Otero-Warren served as president of New Mexico’s chapter of the NWP, until 1919, when she became chair of the women’s division if the Republican State Committee for Women (pg. 332-333). 4. NINETEENTH AMENDMENT- On August 26, 1920 the secretary of state proclaimed the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. American women could finally vote at last. Seventy-two years had passed since the 1848 convention at Seneca Falls, where women had first asked for the franchise. Many suffragists were elated and believed they had gained a way...
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