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SYLLABUS
Cambridge IGCSE®
Economics

0455
For examination in June and November 2016.
Also for examination in March 2016 for India only.

Cambridge Secondary 2

Changes to syllabus for 2016
This syllabus has been updated. Significant changes to the syllabus are indicated by black vertical lines either side of the text.

Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a
Centre.
® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations
© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Why choose Cambridge?
Why choose Cambridge IGCSE?
Why choose Cambridge IGCSE Economics?
Cambridge ICE (International Certificate of Education)
How can I find out more?

2. Teacher support.............................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Support materials
2.2 Resource lists
2.3 Training

3. Syllabus content at a glance ........................................................................................... 6
4. Assessment at a glance ................................................................................................. 8
5. Syllabus aims and assessment objectives ..................................................................... 9
5.1 Syllabus aims
5.2 Assessment objectives and their weightings

6. Syllabus content ........................................................................................................... 11
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8

Basic economic problem: choice and the allocation of resources
The allocation of resources: how the market works; market failure
The individual as producer, consumer and borrower
The private firm as producer and employer
Role of government in an economy
Economic indicators
Developed and developing economies: trends in production, population and living standards
International aspects

7. Grade descriptions........................................................................................................ 15
8. Other information ......................................................................................................... 17

Introduction

1.

Introduction

1.1 Why choose Cambridge?
Recognition
Cambridge International Examinations is the world’s largest provider of international education programmes and qualifications for learners aged 5 to 19. We are part of Cambridge Assessment, a department of the
University of Cambridge, trusted for excellence in education. Our qualifications are recognised by the world’s universities and employers.
Cambridge IGCSE® (International General Certificate of Secondary Education) is internationally recognised by schools, universities and employers as equivalent in demand to UK GCSEs. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/recognition Excellence in education
Our mission is to deliver world-class international education through the provision of high-quality curricula, assessment and services.
More than 9000 schools are part of our Cambridge learning community. We support teachers in over 160 countries who offer their learners an international education based on our curricula and leading to our qualifications. Every year, thousands of learners use Cambridge qualifications to gain places at universities around the world.
Our syllabuses are reviewed and updated regularly so that they reflect the latest thinking of international experts and practitioners and take account of the different national contexts in which they are taught.
Cambridge programmes and qualifications are designed to support learners in becoming:


confident in working with information and ideas – their own and those of others



responsible for themselves, responsive to and respectful of others



reflective as learners, developing their ability to learn



innovative and equipped for new and future challenges



engaged intellectually and socially, ready to make a difference.

Support for teachers
A wide range of materials and resources is available to support teachers and learners in Cambridge schools.
Resources suit a variety of teaching methods in different international contexts. Through subject discussion forums and training, teachers can access the expert advice they need for teaching our qualifications. More details can be found in Section 2 of this syllabus and at www.cie.org.uk/teachers

Support for exams officers
Exams officers can trust in reliable, efficient administration of exams entries and excellent personal support from our customer services. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/examsofficers

2

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Introduction

Not-for-profit, part of the University of Cambridge
We are a not-for-profit organisation where the needs of the teachers and learners are at the core of what we do. We continually invest in educational research and respond to feedback from our customers in order to improve our qualifications, products and services.
Our systems for managing the provision of international qualifications and education programmes for learners aged 5 to 19 are certified as meeting the internationally recognised standard for quality management, ISO 9001:2008. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/ISO9001

1.2 Why choose Cambridge IGCSE?
Cambridge IGCSEs are international in outlook, but retain a local relevance. The syllabuses provide opportunities for contextualised learning and the content has been created to suit a wide variety of schools, avoid cultural bias and develop essential lifelong skills, including creative thinking and problem-solving.
Our aim is to balance knowledge, understanding and skills in our programmes and qualifications to enable candidates to become effective learners and to provide a solid foundation for their continuing educational journey. Through our professional development courses and our support materials for Cambridge IGCSEs, we provide the tools to enable teachers to prepare learners to the best of their ability and work with us in the pursuit of excellence in education.
Cambridge IGCSEs are considered to be an excellent preparation for Cambridge International AS and
A Levels, the Cambridge AICE (Advanced International Certificate of Education) Group Award,
Cambridge Pre-U, and other education programmes, such as the US Advanced Placement program and the International Baccalaureate Diploma programme. Learn more about Cambridge IGCSEs at www.cie.org.uk/cambridgesecondary2 Guided learning hours
Cambridge IGCSE syllabuses are designed on the assumption that learners have about 130 guided learning hours per subject over the duration of the course, but this is for guidance only. The number of hours required to gain the qualification may vary according to local curricular practice and the learners’ prior experience of the subject.

1.3 Why choose Cambridge IGCSE Economics?
Cambridge IGCSE Economics is accepted by universities and employers as proof of knowledge and understanding of economics. Successful Cambridge IGCSE Economics candidates gain lifelong skills, including: •

an understanding of economic theory, terminology and principles



the ability to apply the tools of economic analysis



the ability to distinguish between facts and value judgements in economic issues



an understanding of, and an ability to use, basic economic numeracy and literacy



the ability to take a greater part in decision-making processes in everyday life



an understanding of the economies of developed and developing nations



an excellent foundation for advanced study in economics.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

3

Introduction

Prior learning
Candidates beginning this course are not expected to have studied economics previously.

Progression
Cambridge IGCSE Certificates are general qualifications that enable candidates to progress either directly to employment, or to proceed to further qualifications.
Candidates who are awarded grades C to A* in Cambridge IGCSE Economics are well prepared to follow courses leading to Cambridge International AS and A Level Economics, or the equivalent.

1.4 Cambridge ICE (International Certificate of Education)
Cambridge ICE is a group award for Cambridge IGCSE. It gives schools the opportunity to benefit from offering a broad and balanced curriculum by recognising the achievements of learners who pass examinations in at least seven subjects. To qualify for the Cambridge ICE award learners are required to have studied subjects from five groups: two languages from Group 1, and one subject from each of the remaining four groups. The seventh subject can be taken from any of the five subject groups.
Economics (0455) is in Group 2, Humanities and Social Sciences.
Learn more about Cambridge ICE at www.cie.org.uk/cambridgesecondary2
The Cambridge ICE is awarded from examinations administered in the June and November series each year. In India, the Cambridge ICE is also awarded from examinations administered in the
March series each year.

1.5 How can I find out more?
If you are already a Cambridge school
You can make entries for this qualification through your usual channels. If you have any questions, please contact us at info@cie.org.uk

If you are not yet a Cambridge school
Learn about the benefits of becoming a Cambridge school at www.cie.org.uk/startcambridge. Email us at info@cie.org.uk to find out how your organisation can register to become a Cambridge school.

4

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Teacher support

2.

Teacher support

2.1 Support materials
Cambridge syllabuses, past question papers and examiner reports to cover the last examination series are on the Syllabus and Support Materials DVD, which we send to all Cambridge schools.
You can also go to our public website at www.cie.org.uk/igcse to download current and future syllabuses together with specimen papers or past question papers and examiner reports from one series.
For teachers at registered Cambridge schools a range of additional support materials for specific syllabuses is available from Teacher Support, our secure online support for Cambridge teachers. Go to http://teachers.cie.org.uk (username and password required).

2.2 Resource lists
We work with publishers providing a range of resources for our syllabuses including textbooks, websites,
CDs etc. Any endorsed, recommended and suggested resources are listed on both our public website and on Teacher Support.
The resource lists can be filtered to show all resources or just those which are endorsed or recommended by Cambridge. Resources endorsed by Cambridge go through a detailed quality assurance process and are written to align closely with the Cambridge syllabus they support.

2.3 Training
We offer a range of support activities for teachers to ensure they have the relevant knowledge and skills to deliver our qualifications. See www.cie.org.uk/events for further information.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

5

Syllabus content at a glance

3.

Syllabus content at a glance

All candidates study the following topics.
Section

Topics

1. Basic economic problem: choice and the allocation of resources •

economic problem



factors of production



opportunity cost



resource allocation



choice



production possibility curves.



market and mixed economic systems



demand and supply analysis



price elasticity



market failure



social and private costs and benefits.



functions of money



exchange



central banks, stock exchanges and commercial banks



labour market



motives for spending, saving and borrowing.



types and sizes of business organisation



demand for factors of production



costs and revenue



profit maximisation and other business goals



perfect competition



monopoly



advantages and disadvantages of increased scale.



government as a producer and an employer



aims of government economic policy



fiscal, monetary and supply-side policies



types of taxation



possible policy conflicts



government’s influence on private producers.

2. The allocation of resources: how the market works; market failure

3. The individual as producer, consumer and borrower

4. The private firm as producer and employer

5. Role of government in economy 6

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Syllabus content at a glance

inflation and deflation employment and unemployment



GDP, economic growth and recession



GDP and other measures of living standards.



developed and developing countries



absolute and relative poverty



alleviating poverty



population growth


8. International aspects

price indices



7. Developed and developing economies: trends in production, population and living standards




6. Economic indicators

differences in living standards.



specialisation



current account of the balance of payments



current account deficits and surpluses



exchange rate fluctuations



protectionism and free trade.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

7

Assessment at a glance

4.

Assessment at a glance

The assessment has two components, Paper 1: Multiple choice and Paper 2: Structured questions.
Candidates must take both papers. Candidates receive grades from A* to G.
Paper 1 Multiple choice

45 minutes

Candidates answer 30 multiple choice questions.
Weighted at 30% of total available marks.
Paper 2 Structured questions

2 hours 15 minutes

Candidates answer one compulsory question, which requires them to interpret and analyse previously unseen data relevant to a real economic situation, and three optional questions from a choice of six.
Weighted at 70% of total available marks.

Availability
This syllabus is examined in the June and November examination series.
This syllabus is also available for examination in March 2016 for India only.
This syllabus is available to private candidates.
Detailed timetables are available from www.cie.org.uk/examsofficers
Centres in the UK that receive government funding are advised to consult the Cambridge website www.cie.org.uk for the latest information before beginning to teach this syllabus.

Combining this with other syllabuses
Candidates can combine this syllabus in an exam series with any other Cambridge syllabus, except:


syllabuses with the same title at the same level



2281 Cambridge O Level Economics.

Please note that Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate and Cambridge
O Level syllabuses are at the same level.

8

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Syllabus aims and assessment objectives

5.

Syllabus aims and assessment objectives

5.1 Syllabus aims
The aims below describe the educational purposes of a course in economics for the Cambridge IGCSE exam. The aims are to:
1

develop candidates’ knowledge and understanding of economic terminology, principles and theories

2

develop candidates’ basic economic numeracy and literacy and their ability to handle simple data including graphs and diagrams

3

develop candidates’ ability to use the tools of economic analysis in particular situations

4

show candidates how to identify and discriminate between differing sources of information and how to distinguish between facts and value judgements in economic issues

5

develop candidates’ ability to use economic skills (with reference to individuals, groups and organisations) to understand better the world in which they live

6

develop candidates’ understanding of the economies of developed and developing nations and of the relationships between them; and to develop their appreciation of these relationships from the perspective of both developed and developing nations.

5.2 Assessment objectives and their weightings
The three assessment objectives in Cambridge IGCSE Economics are:
AO1: Knowledge with understanding
AO2: Analysis
AO3: Critical evaluation and decision-making.

AO1: Knowledge with understanding
Candidates should be able to:


show knowledge and understanding of economic facts, definitions, concepts, principles and theories



use economic vocabulary and terminology.

AO2: Analysis
Candidates should be able to:


select, organise and interpret data



apply economic knowledge and understanding in written, numerical, diagrammatic and graphical form



use economic data, to recognise patterns in such data, and to deduce relationships.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

9

Syllabus aims and assessment objectives

AO3: Critical evaluation and decision-making
Candidates should be able to:


distinguish between evidence and opinion, make reasoned judgements and communicate those judgements in an accurate and logical manner



recognise that economic theory has various limits and uncertainties



evaluate the social and environmental implications of particular courses of economic action



draw conclusions from economic information and critically evaluate economic data



communicate conclusions in a logical and clear manner.

The weightings given to the assessment objectives are:
Assessment objective

Paper 1
(%)

Paper 2
(%)

Overall
(%)

AO1: Knowledge with understanding

45 ± 5

20 ± 5

28 ± 5

AO2: Analysis

55 ± 5

35 ± 5

41 ± 5

0

45 ± 5

31 ± 4

AO3: Critical evaluation and decision-making

The assessment objectives are weighted to give an indication of their relative importance. The weightings are not intended to provide a precise statement of the number of marks allocated to particular assessment objectives. 10

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Syllabus content

6.

Syllabus content

6.1 Basic economic problem: choice and the allocation of resources Candidates should be able to:


define the nature of the economic problem (finite resources and unlimited wants)



define the factors of production (land, labour, capital, enterprise)



define opportunity cost and analyse particular circumstances to illustrate the concept



demonstrate how production possibility curves can be used to illustrate choice and resource allocation



evaluate the implications of particular courses of action in terms of opportunity cost.

6.2 The allocation of resources: how the market works; market failure Candidates should be able to:


describe the allocation of resources in market and mixed economic systems; describe the terms primary, secondary and serice (tertiary) sector in an economy



demonstrate the principle of equilibrium price and analyse simple market situations with changes in demand and supply



describe the causes of changes in demand and supply conditions and analyse such changes to show effects in the market



define price elasticity of demand and supply and perform simple calculations



demonstrate the usefulness of price elasticity in particular situations such as revenue changes, consumer expenditure



evaluate the merits of the market system



describe the concept of market failure and explain the reasons for its occurrence



define private and social costs1 and benefits and discuss conflicts of interest in relation to these costs and benefits in the short-term and long-term through studies of the following issues:



1

conserving resources versus using resources public expenditure versus private expenditure.

Social costs are equal to the sum of private costs and external costs.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

11

Syllabus content

6.3 The individual as producer, consumer and borrower
Candidates should be able to:


describe the functions of money and the need for exchange



describe the functions of central banks, stock exchanges, commercial banks



identify the factors affecting an individual’s choice of occupation (wage factors and non-wage factors)



describe likely changes in earnings over time for an individual



describe the differences in earnings between different groups of workers (male/female; skilled/unskilled; private/public; agricultural/manufacturing/services)



describe trade unions and analyse their role in an economy



describe the benefits and disadvantages of specialisation for the individual



analyse the different motives for spending, saving and borrowing



discuss how and why different income groups have different expenditure patterns (spending, saving and borrowing). 6.4 The private firm as producer and employer
Candidates should be able to:



describe the effects of moving firms from the public sector to the private sector and vice versa



describe and evaluate the effects of changes in the structure of business organisations



describe what determines the demand for factors of production



distinguish between labour-intensive and capital-intensive production



define productivity and recognise the difference between productivity and production



define total and average cost, fixed and variable cost and perform simple calculations



analyse particular situations to show changes in total and average cost as output changes



define total and average revenue and perform simple calculations



describe the principle of profit maximisation as a goal and recognise that business organisations may have different goals



describe the characteristics of perfect competition and monopoly



describe pricing and output policies in perfect competition and monopoly



describe the main reasons for the different sizes of firms (size of market, capital, organisation)



describe and evaluate integration, economies and diseconomies of scale



12

describe the type of business organisation in the public and private sectors: sole trader (proprietor), public limited companies, multinationals, cooperatives, state-owned enterprises (public corporations)

discuss the advantages and disadvantages of monopoly.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Syllabus content

6.5 Role of government in an economy
Candidates should be able to:


describe the government as a producer of goods and services and as an employer



describe the aims of government policies, such as full employment, price stability, economic growth, redistribution of income, balance of payments stability



explain fiscal, monetary and supply-side policies



analyse the use of fiscal, monetary and supply-side policies



discuss the possible conflicts between government aims



describe the types of taxation (direct, indirect, progressive, regressive, proportional) and the impact of taxation •

discuss the government’s influence (regulation, subsidies, taxes) on private producers.

6.6 Economic indicators
With regards to prices, candidates should be able to:


describe how a consumer prices index/retail prices index is calculated



discuss the causes and consequences of inflation



discuss the causes and consequences of deflation.

With regards to employment, candidates should be able to:


describe the changing patterns and levels of employment



discuss the causes and consequences of unemployment.

With regards to output, candidates should be able to:


define Gross Domestic Product (GDP)



describe and have a general understanding of the causes and consequences of economic growth



define the term recession



describe and evaluate measures and indicators of comparative living standards, such as GDP per head,
Human Development Index (HDI).

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

13

Syllabus content

6.7 Developed and developing economies: trends in production, population and living standards
Candidates should be able to:


describe why some countries are classified as developed and others are not



describe the difference between absolute and relative poverty



recognise and discuss policies to alleviate poverty



describe the factors that affect population growth (birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, net migration) and discuss reasons for the different rates of growth in different countries



analyse the problems and consequences of these population changes for countries at different stages of development •

describe the effects of changing size and structure of population on an economy



discuss differences in standards of living within countries and between countries, both developed and developing. 6.8 International aspects
Candidates should be able to:



describe the structure of the current account of the balance of payments



discuss the causes and consequences of current account deficits and surpluses



define exchange rates



discuss the causes and consequences of exchange rate fluctuations



describe methods of trade protection



14

describe the benefits and disadvantages of specialisation at regional and national levels

discuss the merits of free trade and protection.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Grade descriptions

7.

Grade descriptions

Cambridge provides grade descriptions to give a general indication of what a candidate must achieve for a particular grade. The actual grade given to the candidate will depend on how well they have met the assessment objectives overall. A candidate’s weakness in one aspect of the exam may be balanced by above average performance in some other aspect.

Grade A
To achieve a Grade A, a candidate must show mastery of the syllabus and an outstanding performance on the more academic problems. Within the separate assessment objectives, a candidate awarded a Grade A must show:
AO1: Knowledge with understanding


an excellent ability to identify detailed facts and principles in relation to the content of the syllabus



an excellent ability to describe clearly graphs, diagrams, tables



a thorough ability to define the concepts and ideas of the syllabus.

AO2: Analysis


an excellent ability to classify and comment on information



an ability to apply this information in a logical and well-structured manner to illustrate the application of economic analysis to a particular situation.

AO3: Critical evaluation and decision-making


a thorough ability to classify and order information



a sound ability to discriminate between varied sources of information and to distinguish clearly between facts and opinions



a sound ability to make clear, reasoned judgements and to communicate them in an accurate and logical manner.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

15

Grade descriptions

Grade C
To achieve a Grade C, a candidate must show a good understanding of the syllabus and some ability to answer questions that are pitched at a more academic level. Within the separate assessment objectives, a candidate awarded a Grade C must show:
AO1: Knowledge with understanding


a sound ability to identify detailed facts and principles in relation to the content of the syllabus



a sound ability to describe clearly graphs, diagrams, tables



a sound ability to define the concepts and ideas of the syllabus.

AO2: Analysis


an ability to use and comment on information



an ability to apply this information to illustrate the application of economic analysis to a particular situation. AO3: Critical evaluation and decision-making


an ability to interpret information accurately



an ability to discriminate between varied sources of information and to distinguish clearly between facts and opinions



an ability to evaluate and make reasoned judgements.

Grade F
To achieve a Grade F a candidate must show some familiarity with the central concepts and ideas in the
,
syllabus. Within the separate assessment objectives, a candidate awarded a Grade F must show:
AO1: Knowledge with understanding


some ability to identify specific facts or principles in relation to the content of the syllabus



some ability to describe graphs, diagrams, tables.

AO2: Analysis


some ability to classify data in a simple way and some ability to select relevant information from a set of data



some ability to apply the tools of economic analysis to particular situations.

AO3: Critical evaluation and decision-making



16

a limited ability to discriminate between different sources of information and to describe the difference between facts and opinions some ability to use information relating to a particular topic.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

Other information

8.

Other information

Equality and inclusion
Cambridge International Examinations has taken great care in the preparation of this syllabus and assessment materials to avoid bias of any kind. To comply with the UK Equality Act (2010), Cambridge has designed this qualification with the aim of avoiding direct and indirect discrimination.
The standard assessment arrangements may present unnecessary barriers for candidates with disabilities or learning difficulties. Arrangements can be put in place for these candidates to enable them to access the assessments and receive recognition of their attainment. Access arrangements will not be agreed if they give candidates an unfair advantage over others or if they compromise the standards being assessed.
Candidates who are unable to access the assessment of any component may be eligible to receive an award based on the parts of the assessment they have taken.
Information on access arrangements is found in the Cambridge Handbook which can be downloaded from the website www.cie.org.uk/examsofficer

Language
This syllabus and the associated assessment materials are available in English only.

Grading and reporting
Cambridge IGCSE results are shown by one of the grades A*, A, B, C, D, E, F or G indicating the standard achieved, A* being the highest and G the lowest. ‘Ungraded’ indicates that the candidate’s performance fell short of the standard required for grade G. ‘Ungraded’ will be reported on the statement of results but not on the certificate. The letters Q (result pending), X (no results) and Y (to be issued) may also appear on the statement of results but not on the certificate.

Entry codes
To maintain the security of our examinations, we produce question papers for different areas of the world, known as ‘administrative zones’. Where the component entry code has two digits, the first digit is the component number given in the syllabus. The second digit is the location code, specific to an administrative zone. Information about entry codes can be found in the Cambridge Guide to Making Entries.

Cambridge IGCSE Economics 0455. Syllabus for examination in 2016.

17

Cambridge International Examinations
1 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB1 2EU, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)1223 553554 Fax: +44 (0)1223 553558
Email: info@cie.org.uk www.cie.org.uk
® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations
© Cambridge International Examinations 2014

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...Blank Blanks are commonly used when the sound and flash of gunfire is needed, but a projectile would not be safe, such as in military training maneuvers or funeral honors, in movies that require gun fights, in starter pistols to signal the beginning of races and in the equestrian sport of Cowboy Mounted Shooting. Blanks used by the military are usually used with a special blank-firing adaptor in the firearm that constricts the barrel, keeping chamber pressures from the blank high enough and for long enough of a duration to cycle the firearm's action. In case of non-crimped blanks, it also serves to pulverise the plug to prevent it leaving as a projectile. For movie use, specially designed blank-firing firearms are often used, which increases the margin of safety as they cannot be loaded with live ammunition. 5-in-1 blanks are specifically made for theatrical use and are commonly used in real firearms for dramatic effect. 5-in-1 blanks can function in a variety of different calibers, hence the name. Special blank cartridges are also used for applications where the explosive power of a cartridge is needed, but a projectile is not. Blank cartridges were commonly used for launching tear-gas or rifle grenades, though some types of grenades are capable of trapping the bullet of a live round. Larger blanks are also used in line launching guns, such as the line launching kit for the Mossberg 500 shotgun. Blank cartridges as used in nail guns Blank rimfire cartridges, commonly...

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Explore the Ways in Which Shakespeare Presents Men in Power in the Tempest Showing How Your Understanding Is Illuminated by Your Study of the Presentation of Men in Dr Faustus

...The Tempest written during the 1600s by one of the most influential writers of his time, William Shakespeare, takes us deep in to the Renaissance, in which questions of religion and man’s place in the world were the cause of much conflict. There are many insinuations that the character of Prospero is a cover for Shakespeare himself and through the protagonist, Shakespeare voices some of his views about the world he was living in. Along with themes of power, men and control, colonization also seems to be a main focus of Shakespeare throughout The Tempest, as almost every character ponders upon how he would rule the island on which the play is set if he were its king. Dr Faustus was written during the reign of England’s Queen Elizabeth I by Christopher Marlowe. It focuses on the main character, Dr Faustus, selling his soul to the devil in exchange for all the luxuries the world has to offer “twenty-four years of all voluptuousness.” Both plays present men questing for power and have left their mark on the modern world of literature. Shakespeare highlights the dominant themes power and control through the characters of Prospero and Antonio. Throughout the play many of the characters are in constant battle for power and freedom sometimes resulting in them succumbing to malevolent deeds. Prospero personifies the imperialist omnipotent ruler as he enslaves Caliban son of Sycorax and rightful ruler of the island. He uses the informal pronoun and pejorative phrase “thou most lying...

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