...Mergers and acquisitions – Amoco Highlights Transaction summary Merger of Amoco into a newly formed BP first-tier US subsidiary Amoco shareholders receive BP plc ordinary shares as ADRs Unified global management team US and UK GAAP results presented using merger accounting or on a "pooling of interest" basis US$-denominated group financials and dividends Transaction recommended by both Boards Effective: December 31, 1998 Transaction overview Transaction description UK Holding Company Structure Amoco shareholders exchanged their shares in Amoco for ADRs representing shares in BP Accounting/reporting Accounted for as a merger under UK GAAP (or "pooling" under US GAAP) BP to report in US dollars, under UK GAAP with supplementary US GAAP information provided Dividends Dividends to be declared in dollars, with a sterling alternative to be offered to all UK shareholders of BP who require Sterling Listing/index BP Amoco remains in the FTSE 100 index FTSE weighting increased The following material contains statements, particularly those regarding capital employed, capital expenditure, cashflows, costs, savings, debt, demand, disposals, dividends, earnings, efficiency, gearing, growth, margins, performance, prices, production, productivity, profits, reserves, returns, sales, strategy, synergies, tax rates, trends, value, volumes, and the effects of BP merger and acquisition activity, which are or may be forward looking statements that involve risk and uncertainty...
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...B9MG116 International Management Lecture: PJ Paul Student Number: 10069260 Word Count: 3332 1 Introduction This paper analyses the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (PESTEL) structure of Spain and it exposes a rational approach to the Spanish market in order obtain a successful implementation of the Everline product in the country. Everline is part of WDFC UK and it is aimed to offer an innovative, fast, flexible and convenient source of credit to entrepreneurs looking to expand their business, manage working capital, or fill a short cash gap. WDFC UK is currently working in three continents and it is supported by some of the world’s leading venture capital firms, with a heritage of building and backing world-class internet companies including Facebook and LinkedIn (“About us” Wonga.com) Everline group include other brands like Wonga.com, which has provided millions of loans to more than a million customers in the UK alone, and the online retail payment service, PayLater. In 2012 Wonga.com reporter a net benefit of £62.5m, former Wonga Business applied to have the trading name Everline added to its credit licence in September this year the domain name Everline.com was registered by WDFC SA. Everline, former Wonga for Business, was launched in May 2012, and offers £3,000 to £50,000 loans to limited companies, LTD’s, or partnerships, and £10,000 to trade solders; money can be borrowed between one and fifty two weeks and the business have...
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...Does Exchange Rate Exposure Matter? By Craig Doidge, John Griffin, and Rohan Williamson* Draft: May 8, 2002. Comments Welcome. _________________ Doidge is at the Ohio State University, Fisher College of Business, Columbus, OH 43210, email: doidge.4@osu.edu. Griffin is at Arizona State University, College of Business, Tempe, AZ 85287, email: john.griffin@asu.edu, and Williamson is at Georgetown University, McDonough School of Business, Washington, DC 20057, email: williarg@georgetown.edu. This paper replaces an earlier draft entitled, “An International Comparison of Exchange Rate Exposure.” We thank Yiorgos Allayannis, James Linck, Patrick Kelly, Spencer Martin, Felix Meschke, Clifford Smith, René Stulz, and participants at the International Finance Conference at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Cornell University, Georgetown University, and the Ohio State University for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Selim Topaloglu for research assistance. Williamson acknowledges research support from the Capital Markets Research center at Georgetown University. All errors are the responsibility of the authors. * Does Exchange Rate Exposure Matter? Abstract Previous literature finds mixed empirical support for a relation between exchange rate exposure and its theoretical determinants and that exposure is of negligible economic importance. To re-examine the nature and the economic significance of the exchange rate to firm value relation, we construct an international...
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...for the last 30Monetary policy has been at the forefront of government thinking about 7.he workings of the economy for the last 30years. Together with fiscal policy it is one of the main methods governments employ in the pursuit of their economic objectives of high economic growth, low unemployment and low w-d stable inflation. Traditionally monetary policy has been conducted by central banks on behalf of governments. This means that although the central bank implements monetary policy~ it is the government which makes the final decision about the timing and the magnitude of the change. Recently governments in a number of countries have granted varying degrees of independence to central banks. In the UK, for example, the Bank of England (BoE) was given 'operational' independence in 1997 granting it a degree of discretionary power in the setting of interest rates and other monetary variables. The importance of monetary policy can be found in the increased media interest in monetary policy matters. Barely a day goes by without some mention of monetary policy Newspapers are filled with speculation about the likely moves monetary authorities will take in order to stabilise the economy Remarkably there is now broad agreement amongst economists that monetary policy is the only policy tool capable of reducing business-cycle fluctuations. However, this does not mean that monetary policy is no longer considered to be controversial. There is still disagreement amongst economists and...
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...The European Monetary Union (EMU) was established as a formal objective in 1992 from the Treaty of Maastricht. In 1995 initial details of a union currency “the Euro” was announced and in 1998 the European Central Bank (ECB) was created and in 1999 the Euro underwent a 3 year transition introducing the Euro notes and coins. The purpose of this text is to analyse in detail EMU’s macroeconomic framework and performance and how this has evolved in the past 10 years. Firstly, I will look into the fiscal policy set out by the EMU however the bulk of the text will look into the monetary policy framework. Finally I will conclude by briefly trying to pin point the links between the macroeconomic framework to the current Eurozone crisis. In general on average the Eurozone’s first decade is viewed as a success and the ECB met its targets by delivering low and stable inflation with an output gap consistently close to 0. However, if we inspect country by country, we witness a large variation. The macroeconomic framework of the EMU, takes 2 main forms Fiscal policy and Monetary Policy. National governments are responsible for their individual fiscal policy while the ECB undertook the responsibility of Monetary Policy. Under the umbrella of Fiscal policy, the Stability and Growth pact provides a clear economic boundary to all Eurozone members. The Stability and Growth Pact specifies 2 boundaries. Firstly, national budget deficits must be kept below 3% and secondly the ratio of the government...
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...and law of one price is assumed. Theories such as the relative Purchasing Power Parity and the fisher effect illustrate the impact of the inflation and the interest rate between two countries on the value of the currency. The asset market model is also another instrument to analyse the movement of a currency. The constraints of using these models are those theories all assumed perfect efficiency of market and the increasing role of global capital flows is ignored. Therefore they are relatively useful to predict the rates in the future which are demonstrated in part two. The following analysis is based on economic factors such as the economic status of the Euro area and the United Kingdom (UK) and the decision made by the Bank of England (BoE) and the European Central Bank (ECB). The investor confidence (Market Psychology) is also below. They affect the value of euro significant, as they vary the supply of and demand for Euro. The value of Euro against British Pound (GBP) increased throughout the three years. The Euro rose from 0.7416 to 0.8507 over the three decades. Euro was 0.7416 at the beginning of 2008, which was its weakest point in these three years. Moreover, the strongest point of Euro relative to GBP is 0.9785 on December 2008. In general, the Euro against GBP has rose significantly at the end of 2008 but depreciated from 2009 to 2010. The rate of EUR/GBP 2008-2010 The table below illustrates the movement of Euro against GBP throughout 2008 and 2010. We represented...
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...com Page 2 The Worldwide Electronics Assembly Market Cost of Goods Sold, ($B) Segment Computer Communications Consumer Industrial/Medical Transportation Total 2007 298.6 219.2 221.0 100.9 119.6 959.4 2012 408.3 305.3 375.0 136.4 160.9 1385.9 CAGR 6.5% 6.8% 11.2% 6.2% 6.1% 7.6% www.newventureresearch.com Page 3 The Worldwide EMS Market by Geographic Region 2007 Rev. by Region North America - Mexico Europe - Eastern Europe Asia - China Rest of the World Total ($B) 47.9 13.4 40.4 12.6 149.8 62.0 9.3 247.3 2012 ($B) 69.0 33.1 60.1 33.3 328.8 156.5 14.8 472.7 CAGR 7.6% 19.8% 8.3% 21.4% 17.0% 20.4% 9.8% 13.8% 4 Page www.newventureresearch.com Worldwide EMS Direct Labor Statistics Country Germany England USA Japan Ireland Spain Hungary Mexico Taiwan India China www.newventureresearch.com Hourly Rate ($) 10.67 9.03 8.85 8.23 7.70 6.12 3.25 2.55 2.58 1.25 1.12 Page 5 CM Industry - 1994-2004 EMS Revenue Grow th ($B) 140 120 100 80 EM S Growt h 60 40 20 199 4 199 5 19 96 1997 1998 1999 2000 2 001 200 2 2003 20 04...
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...Country Profiles Forex Traders' Guide to Major Economies Today we're going to take a trip around the world, but it ain't gonna take 80 days. If you're fast enough to keep up, we can probably get around in just 80 seconds! ...Not! In any case, we'll make sure you learn about the nitty-gritty of each major economy and what makes its engine go. For each country that we will be touring, we'll start off with a quick peek at the important facts and figures, followed by an overview of its economy. Once that's out of the way, we'll visit the country's central bank to find out some of their secrets. In this section, we will explore the powerful monetary policy tools central banks employ to control the country's economy. Hopefully, we'll stumble into the room where they keep their printing plates and we can sneak out the back door and sell it on the black market. We're kidding - we're here to teach you how to trade forex the legal way. After that, we'll discuss the important characteristics that differentiate that country's local currency from all the rest, as well as hard-hitting economic indicators for that country. To keep the trip interesting, we'll be dishing some trivia every now and trading tactics that will prove useful later on when you go off on your pip-catching adventure! And as we promised, this very exclusive field trip is covered by your scholarship. No need for travel visas and no need to buy a travel fanny. Although if you're paranoid like Huck, then go...
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...PORTFOLIO MANAGER’S REVIEW A Monthly Publication of BeyondProxy LLC September 30, 2010 Subscribe at www.manualofideas.com When asked how he became so successful, Buffett answered: “we read hundreds and hundreds of annual reports every year.” Edited by the Manual of Ideas Research Team “If our efforts can further the goals of our members by giving them a discernible edge over other market participants, we have succeeded.” Top Five Ideas In This Report Lavendon (London: LVD) ………………… p. 16 Nokia (Helsinki: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK) .. 20 OMV (Vienna: OMV, OTC: OMVKY) …. 24 OPAP THE EUROPEAN VALUE ISSUE ► Snapshot of 100 European value opportunities ► 45 European “magic formula” companies ► 45 book value bargains by country ► 20+ companies profiled by MOI research team ► Top 5 ideas, based on proprietary MOI methodology ► Plus: Superinvestor holdings update ► Plus: Favorite stock screens for value investors ► Plus: Exclusive interview with Ciccio Azzolini (Greece: OPAP, OTC: GOFPY) .. 28 Premier Foods (London: PFD, OTC: PRRFY) ….. 32 Also Inside Editor’s Commentary …………….. p. 4 Superinvestor Holdings Update …. p. 9 45 European MF Companies …… p. 10 Interview: Ciccio Azzollini ……… p. 12 Top 5 European Ideas ……………p. 16 Other European candidates …….. p. 36 Euro Book Value Bargains ……. p. 100 100 Cheap European ADRs …….p. 114 About Portfolio Manager’s Review Our goal is to bring you investment ideas that are compelling...
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...Delivery and growth Royal Dutch Shell plc Annual Report and Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007 Royal Dutch Shell Our Business With 104,000 employees in more than 110 countries and territories, Shell plays a key role in helping to meet the world’s growing demand for energy in economically, environmentally and socially responsible ways. Our Exploration & Production business searches for and recovers oil and natural gas around the world. Many of these activities are carried out as joint venture partnerships, often with national oil companies. Our Gas & Power business liquefies natural gas and transports it to customers across the world. Its gas to liquids (GTL) process turns natural gas into cleaner-burning synthetic fuel and other products. It develops wind power to generate electricity and invests in solar power technology. It also licenses our coal gasification technology, a cleaner way of turning coal into chemical feedstocks and energy. Our Oil Sands business, the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, extracts bitumen from oil sands in Alberta, western Canada and converts it to synthetic crude oils. Our Oil Products business makes, moves and sells a range of petroleum-based products around the world for domestic, industrial and transport use. Its Future Fuels and CO2 business unit develops fuels such as biofuels and hydrogen and synthetic fuels made from natural gas (GTL Fuel) and potentially from biomass; and leads company-wide activities on CO2 management. With...
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...Capital markets are financial markets for the buying and selling of long-term debt or equity-backed securities. These markets channel the wealth of savers to those who can put it to long-term productive use, such as companies or governments making long-term investments.[1] Financial regulators, such as the UK's Bank of England (BoE) or the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), oversee the capital markets in their jurisdictions to protect investors against fraud, among other duties. Modern capital markets are almost invariably hosted on computer-based electronic trading systems; most can be accessed only by entities within the financial sector or the treasury departments of governments and corporations, but some can be accessed directly by the public.[2] There are many thousands of such systems, most serving only small parts of the overall capital markets. Entities hosting the systems include stock exchanges, investment banks, and government departments. Physically the systems are hosted all over the world, though they tend to be concentrated in financial centres like London, New York, and Hong Kong. Capital markets are defined as markets in which money is provided for periods longer than a year.[3] A key division within the capital markets is between the primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets, new stock or bond issues are sold to investors, often via a mechanism known as underwriting. The main entities seeking to raise long-term funds on the primary...
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...Journal of Retailing 87 (3, 2011) 253–268 Franchising Research Frontiers for the Twenty-First Century Rajiv P. Dant a,∗ , Marko Grünhagen b,1 , Josef Windsperger c,2 a Michael F. Price College of Business, The University of Oklahoma, 307 West Brooks, Norman, OK 73019-4001, USA b Eastern Illinois University, School of Business, 4002 Lumpkin Hall, Charleston, IL 61920, USA c Center of Business Studies, University of Vienna, Brünner Strasse 72, A-1210 Vienna, Austria Abstract About four decades ago, during the formative years of the franchising industry, visionary authors like Oxenfeldt and Kelly (1968) and Ozanne and Hunt (1971) proposed a rich slate of research agenda which still continues to guide some of the contemporary scholarship in the franchising domain. This article (1) explicates some of the unique features of the franchising context that presumably inspired these pioneering authors, (2) discusses four established elements of ontology unique to franchising and isolates the remaining research gaps therein, (3) specifies a new slate of more contemporary research agenda for future scholarship, and (4) concludes with a brief discussion of the ten articles featured in this Special Issue of the Journal of Retailing dedicated to the theme of Franchising and Retailing. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of New York University. Keywords: Franchising Research Agenda; Research Frontiers; Mixed Motives Context; Asymmetrical Power Setting; Twenty-First Century ...
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...macro-environmental conditions but only micro-environmental variables, and altitudinal gradients have been studied. We review previous reports of altitudinal effects and evaluate the influence by interacting macro- (climate, soils, biome, and others) and micro-environmental (vegetation, moss and leaf litter) factors on tardigrade assemblages at the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range (Iberian Central System Mountains, Spain). Terrestrial tardigrade assemblages were sampled using standard cores to N. Guil (&) Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen DK-2100, OE, Denmark e-mail: nguillopez@gmail.com J. Hortal NERC Centre for Population Biology, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK J. Hortal Á A. Machordom ´ Departmento de Biodiversidad y Biologıa Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain ´ S. Sanchez-Moreno ´ Departamento de Proteccion Vegetal, Instituto Nacional ´ ´ de Investigacion y Tecnologıa Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain collect leaf litter and mosses growing on rocks. General Linear Models were used to examine relationships between Tardigrada species richness and abundance, and macro- and micro-environmental variables (altitude, habitat characteristics, local habitat structure and dominant leaf litter...
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...Displays Overview of Korea’s Industries 2012 PROMISING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES 02_ Overall Status of the Display Industry 04_ Characteristics of the Display Industry 13_ Investment by Foreign Companies Display Industry 02 03 1. Overall Status of the Display Industry 1. Overall Status of the Display Industry Flat-Panel Display (FPD) Market and Technologies ·The flat-panel display (FPD) market is growing based on the competitiveness of three major technologies: thin-film transistor-liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCD), plasma display panels (PDP) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). ·TFT-LCD has the largest market. The technology dominates the market, as it can be used in different types of applications, ranging from small devices including mobile phones to large appliances including televisions. ·PDP differs from LCD in that it does not need back light because it is self-luminous. Its use is limited to large applications such as televisions because the technology cannot be applied to small devices. It consumes more electricity than LCD. ·OLED is also self-luminous, and its use is limited to small devices such as mobile phones, as research is still underway to apply the technology to larger devices. OLED is lighter and consumes less electricity than LCD. It has great potential due to its simple structure and focus on materials, and it is praised as the foundation for flexible display, which is expected to lead the future. OLED is drawing attention...
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...Strategy Template.dot Strategy INDIA INDIA June 28, 2010 BSE-30:17,575 The 100 Billion Dollar Club. We analyze Indian companies and their attributes such as (1) IPR (brand and technology), (2) financial and industrial assets and (3) natural resources that can propel them to US$100 bn market capitalization over a period of time. We also look at global experience to draw conclusions for India; every decade throws up new and interesting names. Finally, we assess operating factors that are required to achieve and sustain US$100 bn market capitalization. Asset-based companies: A few banks can and will get there Other than financial services companies, we are skeptical of any other asset-based company entering the US$100 bn league from India. Asset-based companies require constant reinvestment to grow and return on invested capital is not high enough in ‘mature’ businesses to create meaningful value. Most will trade at and around book value. IPR-based companies: A rarity in India and will likely remain so Infosys and TCS can make it to the US$100 bn league on a 15-16% CAGR in earnings up to FY2021E and 14-15X P/E multiple. However, their headcount-led services business could face issues of (1) scalability, (2) manpower and (3) margin pressure. We don’t see circumstances changing meaningfully in India for creation of large IPR-based companies. Resource-based companies: Few candidates but right policies critical RIL and ONGC are obvious candidates to get to US$100 bn market...
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