...Experiment 1 Preparation of Polymer Slime Introduction A solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be made into a slime by adding borax solution, which create crosslinks between polymer chains. There are a number of uses of the PVA polymer: a) They may be used in sheets to make bags to act as containers for pre-measured soap you throw into a washing machine. b) Used as bags in hospitals to collect cotton cloth used in the operating rooms or to hold bed linen or clothing of infected patients. Experiment Procedures 1. 100 ml of the 4% poly (vinyl alcohol) is added to a Styrofoam cup. 2. Food coloring can be added to the PVA in the cups to make different colors. Simple food coloring is recommended. 3. Stir the content well with the glass rod or the wooden tongue depressor. 4. Add 10 ml of 4% borax solution to the cup. Begin stirring the mixture vigorously until gelling is complete. This gel is known as ‘slime’. 5. Wearing disposable gloves, remove the slime from the cup and knead it thoroughly to mix the contents completely. Roll the slime around in your hand, gently squeezing the material to remove air bubbles at the same time. Alternatively, place the slime in a plastic bag and mix and squeeze the outside the bag 6. Take some in your hand and stretch the slime slowly. Record your observations on your data sheet. Results and discussion 1. If the slime is pull apart slowly, it can be stretched to a great distance and then it eventually breaks...
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...of hydration reaction. 3. To test and compare substance for efflorescence and deliquescence. 4. To determine the percent water in a hydrate. II. Results and Discussions According to Hamak, Hydrates are ionic compounds (crystalline salts) that are bonded to water molecules thus having a definite amount of it as part of their structures. This “water of hydration” is released as vapor when the hydrate is heated in which it loses water and become dehydrated (anhydrous). The remaining solid is known as the anhydrous salt. The general reaction for heating a hydrate is: A. Identification of Hydrates Compounds of Nickel Chloride (NiCl2), Potassium Chloride (KCl), Sodium Tetraborate or Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O), Sucrose (C12H22O11), Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and Barium Chloride (BaCl2) each in about 0.5 grams were heated on a Bunsen flame and their behavior was then observed specifically determining whether one is a hydrate. Refer to TABLE 1. Fig.1. Unheated Compounds TABLE 1. Summary and analysis of the results pertaining to the tested compounds | BEFORE HEATING | DURING HEATING | AFTER HEATING | | | | Properties of Compounds | Appearance of Water | Color of Residues | Water solubility and...
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...Many photographic solutions have high chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD). These chemical wastes are often treated with ozone, peroxide or aeration to reduce the COD in commercial laboratories. Exhausted fixer and to some extent rinse water contain silver thiosulfate complex ions. They are far less toxic than free silver ion, and they become silver sulfide sludge in the sewer pipes or treatment plant. However, the maximum silver concentration in discharge is very often tightly regulated. Silver is also a somewhat precious resource. Therefore, in most large scale processing establishments, exhausted fixer is collected for silver recovery and disposal. Many photographic chemicals use non-biodegradable compounds, such as EDTA, DTPA, NTA and borate. EDTA, DTPA, and NTA are very often used as chelating agents in all processing solutions, particularly in developers and washing aid solutions. EDTA and other polyamine polycarboxylic acids are used as iron ligands in colour bleach solutions. These are relatively nontoxic, and in particular EDTA is approved as a food additive. However, due to poor biodegradability, these chelating agents are found in alarmingly high concentrations in some water sources from which municipal tap water is taken.[7][8] Water containing these chelating agents can leach metal from water treatment equipment as well as pipes. This is becoming an issue in Europe and some parts of the world.[citation needed] Another non-biodegradable compound...
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...Effect of a factor on the activity of an enzyme Research Question: How does pH effect the activity of the enzyme amylase and the hydrolysis of starch? Hypothesis: Amylase is an enzyme that acts on starch. pH is capable of altering the structure of the active site centre in the enzyme leading to denaturation. At each pH, the enzyme activity would be relatively different. Ideally the optimum pH is 6.0 when the enzyme works best and the fastest, however if the pH is higher or lower the hydrolysis of starch will be slower. Changing the pH above the optimum will sometimes lead to denaturation of the enzyme and the change in shape of the active site. (http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/investigating-effect-ph-amylase-activity) Variables: Independent: The pH of the buffer solution. Dependent: The time taken for the solution to turn an opaque (lighter) blue from dark blue. Controlled: The volume of iodine solution; the volume of starch solution; the volume of buffer solutions; the volume of amylase solution; the temperature at 40°c; the time it is left in the water bath; and the concentration of the solutions. I will be using a water bath to keep the temperature constant, and to manipulate my independent variable, I will be using pH 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 by adding different pH buffer solutions with the amylase. * 50ml Amylase solution * 100ml Starch solution * 100ml Buffer solutions with pH 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 * 20ml Iodine solution Apparatus: ...
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...My experiment was to make slime. Slime is a slippery, smooth, rubbery substance, that bounces, and sticks back together if it’s broken apart. It contains only 3 simple ingredients including Borax, glue and water. I did this expecting it would be quite simple, but I was wrong. I never even did it right once after 5 tries. After doing research about the materials I learned that the borax acts as a connector for the glue molecules. The glue molecules join together to form even larger molecules called polymers which result in a thickened gel, or slime. Up until I did the research, I figured that glue was already a bit like slime only much thinner. And the same way you would add flour to cookie dough that is too sticky or thin, adding borax would make it clump up more. The very first time I attempted making slime, I mixed less than half of a teaspoon of Borax into a teaspoon of glue, then added water. It was unsuccessful. It was too slippery and you could feel the Borax in it, meaning it didn’t mix well together. The second time I attempted, I did the same thing only added the glue into the Borax, which also didn’t mix very well. So I tried my 3rd and 4th trial a little differently by mixing water and glue the first time, slowing add Borax looking for the right amount. And mixing water and Borax adding small amounts of glue at a time the second time. Neither of them worked either. I think I had the right idea with adding water to only one of the ingredients at a time, seeing how it...
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...How to Make DIY slime BY:KARISSA Have you ever been bored on a rainy day, with nothing to do, so bored you can pull your hair out. Well than making DIY slime is a perfect idea. As making anything you will need some ingredients, and as always you will also need place that you won't mind getting dirty. For this amazing DIY slime there are some appropriate and inappropriate ways to have fun! Firstly like anything you will need some ingredients. The first and most important is the Glue you can get glue from any craft store such as Michels, Joanns CVS, etc. Secondly, you will need water. The water is used to make the glue more of soupy consistency. Next you will need Borax, you can get this from any convenience store,...
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...My personal favorite slime recipe results in making a thick, glossy, and very soft textured slime. This recipe contains glue, activator (one cup of water + two~three teaspoons of borax), water, lotion, conditioner, food coloring (optional), shaving foam (optional), a bowl, and a mixing tool. The first step is to add in your desired amount of glue. Then, pour in a little less of the water than the glue. Add in your lotion, and conditioner. The conditioner will give your slime a very thick texture. If you want your slime to be a tiny bit fluffy you can add in shaving foam, but I tend to stick with not putting it in. If you want to be a little more extra, you can even add in some food coloring. Lastly, pour in your activator little at a time,...
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...essential oils might seem a little costly at first, but a little goes a long way and they can be used in so many other ways in your home, as in treating illness and stress. “Soft Scrub” (this one is my all time favorite. My work horse; works great on my cruddy stove top, as well as cleaning the grime and soap scum in the tub and bathroom sink. Smells good enough to eat!) 1 2/3 c. baking soda ½ c. liquid soap (Dr. Bronner’s) ½ c. water 2 T. white vinegar Essential oil (optional) ~I like peppermint Stir soap into baking soda. Add water and stir until smooth. Add vinegar and essential oil and pour into squeeze bottle. Great for tub and bathroom sink. Whitening Scouring Powder 1 c. baking soda 2 t. cream of tartar 1/8 c. borax ¼ c. grated lemon, orange, or grapefruit peel. 15-20 drops citrus essential oil Pour into shaker top. Use for deodorizing and cleaning cutting boards, sink, stainless steel, smelly sinks and disposals, picnic coolers, and lunch boxes. Lemon Blast Appliance Cleaner 1 t. liquid soap 1/8 c. white vinegar 4 drops lemon,...
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...Bixa Orellana Linn. Seeds (Achuete) as a Source of Pigment in Making a Milk Base Paint A Research Proposal Submitted to: Mrs. Irene F. Delios Submitted by: Axel Xamniel Llorente VI - Pearl ABSTRACT Paints make houses and buildings beautiful and colorful which makes them attractive. This study was to determine the effectiveness of Bixa Orellana Linn seeds (Achuete) as a source of pigment in making a milk based paint. The achuete was chosen for the study because it is rich in tannin and can easily be found or bought in the market and found in high land areas. It contains tannin that composes in a pigment that is used in making paint. Achuete seeds contain 70-80% of tannin. Some of the sub-problems were to judge the color of the finish product made out of pigment from achuete seeds so 30 female respondents will be asked to observe the finish product and judege and qualify its color. The researchers gathered all the materials and assured all were cleaned. Achuete seeds were pounded and the powdered form is now the pigment. For the binder, the researchers used skim milk to produce casein which acts as the binder. The pigment were soaked and the skimmed milk was boiled to form a precipitate. Results show that Bixa Orellana...
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...What were the Victorians devices and how did it effect their daily life? Between 1837~1901, it was the time of Victorians. It seemed to be a peaceful time however, there were hidden killers everywhere in their home. There was the hidden darkness behind the wonderful inventions. 2000 victorians died because 1/5 of milk those days were adulterated with borax. When milk gets old, it becomes more acid so to seem fresh, victorians added borax which is alkali to make it neutralize. Borax makes bacteria in side our body called bovine-TB and that damages the bones. In order that people pass the stairs freely, the length of the steps ought never to be less than four feet, though it was 2 and a half feet so as you can see, it wasn't comfortable for...
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...Plastics are all around us. There are many different kinds, with a wide range of properties. Some are hard, others are soft. Some are transparent, others are opaque. Most plastics are made in factories, but here’s one you can make at home. For this experiment you will need: * 1 teaspoon (5 cm3) laundry borax * 1 tablespoon (15 mL) white glue (e.g., Elmer's Glue-All) * food coloring (optional) * two cups * spoon * water Here's what to do: 1. In one of the cups, dissolve 1 teaspoon of laundry borax in 5 tablespoons (75 mL) of water. You will need to stir this for a while to get it to dissolve. (If a tiny bit does not dissolve, that is OK.) 2. In the other cup, combine 1 tablespoon of water and 1 tablespoon of white glue. If you wish, you may color the mixture with a couple drops of food coloring. With a clean spoon, stir the mixture thoroughly until it is uniform. 3. Put 2 teaspoons of the borax solution from the first cup into the glue mixture in the second cup. Stir the mixture. 4. As you stir the mixture, it will stiffen into a soft lump. After the lump has formed, take it from the cup and knead it in your hand for a couple minutes. The material you have made is called Gluep, and it is ready for you to examine. * Roll the Gluep into a ball and then let it rest. Does the ball maintain its shape? * Drop a Gluep ball onto a table top. What does the ball do? * Flatten the Gluep into a thin strip. Hold up the strip by one end. What...
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...following: 1. Conduct all tests on the minerals in the virtual lab. Minerals are numbered 1-7. Keep track of which mineral you are working with as you record your observations. 2. Record your observations of each test in Part 1 of this worksheet. Refer to the job aids in the upper-right corner of the test screens to help you interpret what you observe. 3. Identify the minerals by comparing your observations with the Associate Program Material: Mineral Identification Worksheet. Write the name of each mineral in Part 2 of this worksheet. The minerals are numbered to conceal their identities, but they will include seven from the following list. To help you identify them, refer to the Mineral Identification Job Aid. • Borax • Calcite • Corundum • Graphite • Gypsum • Orthoclase feldspar • Pyrite • Quartz • Talc • Topaz 4. Identify two evolutionary processes of Earth, and explain them in Part 3 of this worksheet. 5. Post this worksheet as an attachment to your Assignments link. Delete the introductory instructions in this worksheet before you submit it to your instructor. Part 1: Recording Observations In the following chart, record your observations of each test for the seven minerals. After you have completed all tests, name the minerals in Part 2 of this worksheet. An example of how to fill out the chart is illustrated follows. |Recorded Observations for Minerals 1-7 ...
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...Rubberwood Processing Manual CFC/ITTO/72 PD103/01 Rev.4 (I) “Demonstration of Rubberwood Processing Technology and Promotion of Sustainable Development in China and Other Asian Countries” Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 2007.6 Rubberwood Processing Manual Authors of this manual: Zhou Yongdong, Associate Professor Jiang Mingliang, Professor Gao Ruiqing, Associate Professor Li Xiaoling, Senior Engineer CFC/ITTO/72 PD103/01 Rev.4 (I) “Demonstration of Rubberwood Processing Technology and Promotion of Sustainable Development in China and Other Asian Countries” Project leader: Ye Kelin, Professor, Director of CRIWI Lu Jianxiong, Professor Executing Agency: Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 P.R.China Tel: +86-10-6288 9482 Fax: +86-10-6288 1937 Email: yekelin@caf.ac.cn jianxiong@caf.ac.cn 2 Table of Contents Foreword...........................................................................1 Chapter 1 Sawing of Rubberwood .................................3 1 Sawing Equipments ............................................................. 4 2 Sawing technique................................................................. 8 2.1 Quarter Sawn ............................................................ 8 2.2 Back Sawn .............................................................. 10 2.3 Live Sawn ............................................................... 13 2.4 Radial sawn......
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...Preparation of Buffers for Use in Enzyme Studies (by G. Gomori) The buffers described in this section are suitable for use either in enzymatic or histochemical studies. The accuracy of the tables is within ± 0.05 pH at 23 ºC. In most cases the pH values will not be off by more than ± 0.02 pH even at 37 ºC and at molarities slightly different from those given (usually 0.05 M). The methods of preparation described are not necessarily identical with those of the original authors. The titration curves of the majority of the buffers recommended have been redetermined by the writer. The buffers are arranged in the order of ascending pH range. 1. Hydrochloric Acid-Potassium Chloride Buffer. Stocks solutions A: 0.2 M solution of KCl (14.91 g in 1 L) B: 0.2 M HCl 50 mL of A + x mL of B, diluted to a total of 200 mL x 97.0 78.0 64.5 51.0 41.5 33.3 26.3 20.6 16.6 13.2 10.6 8.4 6.7 jun 14, 2004 pH 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 Pag.1 2. Glycine-HCl Buffer. Stocks solutions A: 0.2 M solution of glycine (15.01 g in 1 L) B: 0.2 M HCl 50 mL of A + x mL of B, diluted to a total of 200 mL x 5.0 6.4 8.2 11.4 pH 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 x 16.8 24.2 32.4 44.0 pH 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 3. Phthalate-Hydrochloric Acid Buffer. Stocks solutions A: 0.2 M solution of potassium acid phthalate (40.48 g in 1 L) B: 0.2 M HCl 50 mL of A + x mL of B, diluted to a total of 200 mL x 46.7 39.6 33.0 26.4 20.3 pH 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 x 14.7 9.9 6.0 2.63 pH 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4. Aconitate Buffer. Stocks...
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...• Part 1: Recording Observations In the following chart, record your observations of each test for the seven minerals. After you have completed all tests, name the minerals in Part 2 of this worksheet. An example of how to fill out the chart is illustrated follows. |Recorded Observations for Minerals 1-7 | |Tests |Example |Mineral 1 | |Example: Fluorite |80% certain |I am almost certain this mineral is fluorite, but I am not completely sure. Fluorite and gypsum| | | |are both white, shiny, have white streaks, cleave, and show no reaction to acid. However, the | | | |specific gravity of this mineral is 3.18, which is higher than gypsum, so I am pretty sure it | | | |is fluorite. | |Mineral 1: Pyrite |100% certain ...
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