...Labor Relations Labor relations can refer generally to any association between workers and management about employment circumstances. Most frequently, labor relations refers to dealings involving a workforce that is already unionized and management, or has the potential to become unionized. Labor relations are vital to organizations. The National Labor Relations Act was passed in the 1930s, which gave workers the right to bargain collectively and form unions in the United States (http://www.investorglossary.com/labor-relations.htm). To begin to understand the contributions of unions and their effects on organizations, we must first determine what unions are and what their role has been in labor relations and the nation’s organizations. Labor unions are groups formed by laborers who share a certain characteristics. Characteristics such as the industry, the type of work they do, and who agree that the union will act as their spokesperson or negotiator in all matters dealing with employment involving the employees and their respective employers. By forming unions, employees individually are able to work concurrently to negotiate with their employers to promote every member of the union. The course of bargaining for mutually beneficial benefits or agreements, and the communication between employees and their employers during that process and after that process, are what forms the basis of labor relations. Labor relations cover all aspects of an organization and of being...
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...Questions and answers U.S. PERMANENT RESIDENCE What is the U.S. permanent residency (the “green card” or immigrant visa) process and how long does it take? What is the difference between RIR (fast track) and traditional processing of labor certification applications? What is a “preference category?” What are the requirements for EB1? a. Classification as an individual of extraordinary ability (EB1-1) b. Classification as an outstanding researcher (EB1-2) c. Classification as a multinational manager or executive (EB1-3) Will I have travel restrictions during the adjustment of status period? Can I include my spouse and dependent children when processing my green card? What documents do I need to provide for the AOS process? What documents do I need for consular processing? MISCELLANEOUS When can I receive a Social Security Number? What is the "green card lottery?" When can I apply for U.S. citizenship? If I choose to leave my current employer, will this affect my work authorization status or the green card process? What if I am not married but I have a partner or "significant other"? After I receive U.S. permanent residence, what happens if I am transferred abroad? U.S. PERMANENT RESIDENCE What is the U.S. permanent residency (the “green card” or immigrant visa) process and how long does it take? The permanent residency process will vary in length, depending on which method is appropriate for your case and where you work (which state). Of course,...
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...create a voluntary system of academic standards (e.g., in math, science, English, civics) for students in kindergarten through twelfth grade, and 2) to create a voluntary system of industry skill standards that specify prerequisite skills for individuals planning to enter certain industries and occupations (e.g., electronics, health care, printing, human services). Standards-driven reform is not without controversy. The notion of national academic standards, synonymous in many minds with federal efforts such as Goals 2000: Educate America Act of 1994, raises concern that local autonomy will be jeopardized. Meanwhile, industry skill standards, when linked to public school curricula, trigger concerns that schools will simply become a training ground to ensure better products and services. The question is not so much whether academic or industry skill standards should exist. They already do -- at state, local, and federal levels. At issue is who should be setting standards, how they should be implemented, how the multiple and diverse standards development efforts should be integrated, and which types of standards will best improve learning and ensure a high-performing workforce. Currently, business and education officials are joining forces to use industry skill standards as an important tool for integrating vocational and academic curricula among secondary, post-secondary and workplace education programs. While many concur that a coherent system of academic and industry standards makes...
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... EMPLOYEE AND LABOR RELATIONS Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining Labor relations remains to be an important component in human resources management. As Ivancevich defined it, labor relations is the continuous relationship between a defined group of employees and management. This encompasses the negotiation of a written contract concerning pay, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment, as well as the interpretation and administration of this contract over its period of coverage. In every organization, the presence of organized groups of individuals is deemed necessary to ensure that the rights of the members are guarded and protected. It is good to note that here in the Philippines employees enjoy adequate legal protection. As a matter of fact, the Labor Code of the Philippines stands as a law governing employment practices and labor relations in the country according to the Wikipedia. And as the Labor Code of the Philippines declares, it is the policy of the State to promote and emphasize the primacy of free collective bargaining and negotiations, to promote free trade unionism as an instrument for the enhancement of democracy, to foster free and voluntary organization of a strong and united labor movement, to promote the enlightenment of workers concerning their rights and obligations as union members and as employees, and many more. This particular legislation contains several provisions which are beneficial to labor. It is even expressly...
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...Select a company headquartered in your home state for which you would like to work – but one that does not currently have unionized employees. Assume you are an employee of this company interested in starting a union. You have started the research process and made connections with the larger union over the industry for the company type. Write a SIX (6) page paper in which you: 1. Create a scenario of the specific working conditions that has prompted the attention of employees. 2. Describe the benefits of organizing a union for this particular company. 3. Create a mission, purpose, and objective statement for a strategic plan to organize a union for this group. 4. Outline the components you would need to take to start a union and sketch ideas for each step of the process. 5. Determine a possible timeline for the execution of the union based on the plan you drafted with rationale. 6. Speculate the management teams’ objections the union is likely to face. Develop one (1) argument to counter the management position and evaluate its strength in light of the opposition. 7. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia does not qualify as an academic resource. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional...
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...industrial relations covers all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource (or personnel) management, employee relations, and union-management (or labor) relations. Since the mid-twentieth century, however, the term has increasingly taken on a narrower, more restricted interpretation that largely equates it with unionized employment relationships. In this view, industrial relations pertains to the study and practice of collective bargaining, trade unionism, and labor-management relations, while human resource management is a separate, largely distinct field that deals with nonunion employment relationships and the personnel practices and policies of employers. Both meanings of the term coexist in the twenty-first century, although the latter is the more common. ORIGINS The term "industrial relations" came into common usage in the 1910s, particularly in 1912 upon the appointment by President William Taft of an investigative committee titled the Commission on Industrial Relations. The commission's charge was to investigate the causes of widespread, often violent labor conflict and make recommendations regarding methods to promote greater cooperation and harmony among employers and employees. Shortly thereafter, the term gained even greater saliency in the public mind due to the wave of strikes, labor unrest, and agitation for "industrial democracy" that accompanied the economic and political disturbances associated with World War I. As a result, by the beginning...
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...Who is the Winner Between Vocational and General Education? No one can argue that education system is very important to modern day’s life. Most people in the world spend their very first decades with it. This is because we value its so much. However, we value it differently. Some said education teaches us not only academic knowledge, but also unconsciously help us to learn about social norm and moral. On the other hand, since the world become more and more competitive, we cannot argue about one of the most important functions of it, preparation for labor market. Each year, new workforces enter the labor market. Most of them just finished from education system and have no job experience. On the other side, companies prefer employees who already have some related job experience, so youth people are seen as second choice. According to World Bank, in 2012 where high-income OECD countries faced 5.7 percent unemployment rate, the unemployment rate of labor below 25 year olds was double at 18.3 percent. The difference between two indicators remains around double throughout the decade. Moreover, the problem of youth unemployment especially with high unemployment rate such as Spain where half of those below 25 year olds cannot find jobs. From these statistics we can say that youth European have the problem. However, vocational education can help them. With the idea of learning to working, vocational student have internship experience with companies since they were in school. So, they...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND Our future growth relies on competitiveness and innovation, skills and productivity... and these in turn rely on the education of our people. – Julia Gillard. The increase of low-income, low-skilled youth in the labor market, particularly in developing countries, is a major concern internationally. In some regions of the world, young people are nearly three times as likely as adults to be unemployed. They are also more likely to work in the informal labor market than adults, in low quality jobs that offer limited socio-economic security, training opportunities, and working conditions. This enormous unlocked potential represents a substantial loss of opportunity for both individuals and society. With increasing emphasis being given to work- and skills-based solutions to economic competition and poverty in the developing world, comes a renewed focus on technical and vocational education and training (TVET) as a means to expand opportunities for marginalized youth (Tripney, et. al., 2013). Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. In line with this, one of the discussions of DepEd which incurred on October 2010 is to enhance the basic education program of the country in a way that is least disruptive to the current curriculum, most affordable to government and families, and aligned with international practice through the K-12 policy. The poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement...
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...conflict diamonds, are diamonds mined in a war zone and sold for the funding of a rebellion or uprising. Conflict diamonds are also sold to fund civil wars or for the rise of a warlord. Conditions in diamond mining are not always honorable and they are completely horrific. Almost all of the diamond miner in Africa live in poverty, earning and average pay of less than a dollar a day. Also, child labor is overly common and their working conditions are very frequently hazardous. The connection of violence...
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...Working during school and academic performance Todd R. Stinebrickner and Ralph Stinebrickner1 please direct correspondence to Todd R. Stinebrickner Dept. of Economics The Social Science Centre The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada n6a 5c2 trstineb@julian.uwo.ca phone 519 679-2111 ext. 5293 fax 519 661-3666 Unique new data from a college with a mandatory work-study program are used to examine the relationship between working during school and academic performance. Particular attention is paid to the importance of biases that are potentially present because the number of hours that are worked is endogenously chosen by the individual. A “naive” OLS regression, which indicates that a positive and statistically significant relationship exists between hours-worked and grade performance, highlights the potential importance of endogeneity bias in this context. Although a fixed effects estimator suggests that working an additional hour has an effect on grades which is quantitatively very close to zero, we suggest that there are likely to exist causes of endogeneity which are not addressed by the fixed effects estimator. Indeed, an instrumental variables approach, which takes advantage of unique institutional details of the work-study program at this school, indicates that working an additional hour has a negative and quantitatively large effect on grade performance at this school. The results suggest that, even if results appear “reasonable,” a researcher should...
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...conserving environment and for economic reasons. In order to embrace the use of renewable sources such as solar energy, the researchers and the assistant researchers in solar panel industry at taking part in the research of solar energy in the areas of solar photovoltaic(PV) energy and the concentrating solar power. The solar photovoltaic panels are used to produce electricity directly from sunlight. The assistant researchers in the solar panel industry have to undergo some education training with minimum qualification of bachelor’s degree in the energy engineering option. Alternatively, an individual can as well do bachelor’s degree in Electrical or mechanical engineering and then do masters degree in Renewable energy engineering option. The academic qualifications go up to post higher degree (phD). These qualifications will permit one to carry out...
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...I have selected the topic of teen employment for my Capstone project. In this essay I will present different aspects of employment such as the valuable skills and behavioral traits a teen can develop. I desire to educate my peers on the balance between work, academics, school activities, and the life skills that are developed. My guiding question for my Capstone project is “Does teen employment prepare students for later success in life?” My main research data base that I used is the Middle Tennessee State University library page. Throughout my research, I have found information on what young people gain from having a job at an early age and how it can affect their later career. One method I have for this research project is to survey adults 30+ years old around the community and also Blackman High School seniors who began working as a teenager. In this research paper I will present my results from this survey. At the end of this Capstone process, I hope to be able to define both the positives and negative findings on teen employment. Capstone Research Paper...
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...Conceptual Framework Study habits and academic performance of the working students have attracted increased attention among the university teachers and students with the aim of knowing and understanding the reasons, problems and other factors affecting them. This may empower them for lifelong learning to their journey to success hindered by their busy schedules and always no time to their study and academic performance. In Surigao State College of Technology the study habits and academic performance of working students give any positive and or negative impact on their grades depending on how they cope with it. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Figure 1.The Research Paradigm The research paradigm illustrates the conceptual framework of the study that shows the relationship of the input, process and output of the topic. This framework embodies the specific direction by which the research will have to be undertaken by describing the relationship between specific variables identified in the study. The input consists of the research method applied in conducting the research regarding the study habits and academic performance of the working students. Qualitative research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviours of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies. The process on the other hand shows how the research being conducted through defining...
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...Cheap labor is widely seen as a prerequisite to China’s economic rise and as a major threat to China’s competitors. The low production costs in China have been blamed for countless job losses and plant closures elsewhere in the world as more and more investors flocked to this country. However, the Labor Contract Law of China, that came into effect on January 1, 2008, has been one of the most disputed laws passed in recent years. It was the product of a series of lengthy consultations that took place between the state and social, domestic as well as foreign actors affected by it. Many entrepreneurs see the new law as a threat to their businesses in China. Chinese new Labor Contract Law is the most significant reform to the law of employment relations in more than a decade. Its final form emerged following highly contentious debates over the terms of earlier drafts- debates involving not only a range of Chinese actors, but also international business lobbyists and labor organizations. The Law was enacted represents a compromise between the competing demands of these many interest groups. This article briefly surveys the reasons for the enactment of the Labor Contract Law, the polarized drafting process, and the key matters it addresses. The assessment presented is that the Law is, overall, a necessary and beneficial contribution to the regulation of work in China. 2. The Need For the Labor Contract Law Chinese foundational law regulating the labor market is the Labor Law of...
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...Discuss how employers can exist without unions but unions cannot exist without employers. 3. Identify reasons why workers unionize. 4. Discuss why unionization is declining in the United States. 5. Analyze the difference between the public sector labor relations and private business. Introduction to this week's topics: Labor relations is the set of processes and activities unions and employers develop and use to clarify, manage, reduce, and resolve conflicts between employees and their representatives while accommodating the various goals of each. The practice of labor relations is governed by contracts negotiated by and agreed to by both parties. Contracts are renegotiated periodically to take into account changing goals and objectives of both parties and changes in the economy and society. Within larger employers that operate several establishments, labor relations will differ depending on what is produced in each establishment and whether different unions represent employees in different establishments. Employers would like complete freedom to alter the terms and conditions of employment in their workplaces, as necessary, to maximize returns on investments and achieve organizational goals. While labor is somewhat mobile, with workers able to move between employers as opportunities occur, it is less mobile than financial capital. They would like to reduce the risks associated with employment - particularly the risk that their employers will radically change...
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