...Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Native Americans were pagans. They worshipped the trees, plants, animals, the skies, the clouds and the earth. They carried out sacrifices. With the arrival of the Spaniards, the Native Americans were introduced to Christianity. While Christianity was introduced in Mexico by Spanish expeditions long before the arrival of Cortes, the extent of his colonization made it possible for Christianity to spread more rapidly than the early conquistadores. At present, Christianity is the major religion in Mexico comprising about 95% of its...
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...Name: Professor: Course: Date: Christianity in the Tokugawa Period Teather, Rhiannon A. The Palme of Christian Fortitude: Japan’s martyrs in seventeenth-century records. Bristol University. 6.3 (2014): n.p. Web. 3 April 2016.Teather highlights key reasons that informed Tokugawa’s persecution of Kirishtans (Roman Catholic Christians) during his reign. The article goes further to show the wrong reception that western Christian missionaries were received with described as cold and filled with intimidation. Munson, kabuki. The opening, closing and re-opening of Japan? Japanese foreign relation before during and after the Takugawa Shonjugate (1600-1868). Rondolph-Macon college. (2013): n.p. Web. 3 April 2016. Kibuki discusses the state of Christianity in Japan after Portuguese missionary’s arrival. It explains Japans understanding of missionaries and the adoption of a “closed country” ideology by Takugawa’s leadership. Sadler, Leon. Takugawa Ieyasu Shogun: “The old Badger.” makers of history. 5.5 (1977): 723-760. Web. 3 April 2016. Sadler highlights Tokugawa’s leadership perspectives before the arrival of missionaries, during their arrival and later discusses the measures that he took to prevent the spread of Christianity. Sadler further addresses Takugawa’s stature as a military figure and outlines the reasons that led him to accept persecution as a mode of punishment for Kirishitans and rebels. Reischauer, Ochoa. “A cautious view of Tokugawa.” Hail Japanese...
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...Achebe. Along with the introduction of the British comes Christianity leading to some of the characters clashing with the new foreigners, and others to accepting the foreigners and their beliefs. The introduction of Christianity also leads to the book finally earning its title; when things literally start to fall apart for the main character, Okonkwo. Okonkwo’s response to this new foreign religion and his reasonings behind that response are quite prevalent in the text. However, Nwoye’s response to this new religion and his reasoning behind it is quite interesting, as there...
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...After Hernan Cortez’s victory over the Aztecs, the Spanish expeditions focused primarily on the vast territory to their north. With legends of gold and great wealth, more and more Spanish explorers launched expeditions to what is now the American southwestern region as well as Florida. Map 1 demonstrates the exploration and colonization efforts that took place in the North America from the middle of the 16th century until 1675. It is very evident that Spanish authorities put an enormous focus on the area of present day New Mexico, which they heavily settled after Juan de Oñate’s arrival in 1598. For the settlers, the territory of New Mexico was their opportunity to gain riches, but also it puts them in direct contact with the area’s native population, the American Indians. While at first, Indians and settlers coexisted without any major conflicts; soon distinct cultural and religious differences would result in a full-blown revolt by the region’s Pueblo Indians. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 has been characterized as a landmark event of the American history and has attracted...
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...Some regions were under the control of several different societies during this period. Christianity, through its religious practices, education, & economics, became one of those societies that became very dominant in Latin America. Through the exchange of cultural beliefs & ideas, Christianity has changed society in Latin America. Christianity became adapted through the different cultures & ideas the Latin Americans experienced as stated in the 1st & 5th documents. The 1st document talks about how Domingos Fernandes Nobre traveled the world looking for gold & slaves while practicing holy customs along the way. It is linked to the change that Christianity has had in Latin American societies because this brought different customs & religions...
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...Lexi Allan Ascending: The rise of post-Western Empire society May 30th, 2018 The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE, a time that corresponded with growth in the number of Christians. As a result of the fall, Germanic tribes acquired power from the Romans and Christianity thrived under a newfound sense of freedom. Centuries later, critics asserted that the fall of the Empire damaged law, economics, and culture in the Western World. But what beneficial aspects did these critics ignore? To start with, this paper discusses politicians being allowed to marry out of their faith. Next, it examines non-Roman’s respect for the Romans and the desire to sustain their culture. Moreover, the paper discusses the benefits of the Roman use of symbols and...
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...country, which successfully rid themselves from the influences of the Western world and the Asian mainland before the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853. However, considering the origin of the nation’s religion, livelihood, and trade system, this statement may not be as accurate as believed by today’s society. Every civilization is influenced—at least in some aspect—from other empires, even an island (like Japan) isolated from all neighboring domains. Nonetheless, this widespread declaration may be present due to what is known in Japan as the Edo Period, where the Shoguns attempted to separate the kingdom from the rest of the world. By the time the Tokugawa family rose to power in 1603, religion in Japan had already been established. The faiths of Buddhism, Christianity, and Confucianism were all existent, each being introduced to Japan by different nations. Buddhism, which originated in India, made its way across Asia, reaching Japan in the 6th century from Korea. Japan similarly was exposed to Confucianism by the Chinese not long after the philosophy grew in popularity. Moreover, Christianity arrived in Japan from visiting European countries, first introduced by Portugal in 1543, who were interested in “converting the countrymen to the faith of Christ” (153). Europe managed, by 1614, to have approximately 1% of the Japanese population following Christianity, achieving this by converting the daimyos of regions and allowing them to present the “variation of Buddhism” to...
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...For Indigenous Peoples, the arrival of Columbus marks the start of a genocide. By choosing to celebrate Columbus Day, American society is ignoring the way Native Peoples were detrimentally affected by European arrival to the “new world.” The celebration of Columbus Day perpetuates the immoral methods of justification Spain, and other European nations, used to establish their claim to land in the Americas. In his article “The Rest of Us: Rethinking Settler and Native,” UCLA historian DJ Kelly calls the methods of justification used by Spain “a logic of elimination.” Kelly points out, “the destruction or expulsion of indigenous peoples is a continuous feature of settler societies,” and usually this expulsion relies on the use of race. Kelly’s choice of the word “elimination” is tied to how Columbus, and subsequent European explorers, quickly realized taking resources...
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...Africa-Non Western Culture HUMA215-1205B-09 Unit 4 Individual Project LaToya Marible February 3, 2013 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the non western culture that Africa had to endure in the end of the 19th century. This paper explains what the “loss of centeredness” means. After reading this paper you would understand how the Africans during this time dealt with situations that took place. You also will learn about the big changes that were going on during this time as well. Africa-Non Western Culture The country that chose to focus on is Africa. When the Europeans started the colonization process there was so many changes in the world and the longstanding traditions of millions of people around the world began to be seen as inferior and/or secondary to that of the European. Africa is continent not a group. In the end of the 19th the biggest changes began. In 1884, a conference was held in Berlin with several major European powers, including representatives of Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (union until 1905), and the Ottoman Empire. It was at this historic conference that these representatives began what was known as the 'Scramble for Africa', and "carved it up," agreeing with each other which vast areas of land would become the possession of which European country. Again, there were some European men that decided what country would have the...
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...islands, the Muslim population is proportionally lower. Most Indonesian Muslims are Sunnis. Around one million are Shias, who are concentrated around Jakarta while others are Sufi. Christianity The Government of Indonesia officially recognizes the two main Christian divisions in Indonesia, Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, as two separate religions. Protestantism Protestantism arrived in Indonesia during the Dutch East Indies (VOC) colonization, around the sixteenth century. VOC policy to ban Catholicism significantly increased the percentage of Protestant believers in Indonesia. Missionary efforts for the most part did not extend to Java or other already predominantly Muslim areas. The religion has expanded considerably in the 20th century, marked by the arrival of European missionaries in some parts of the country, such as Western New Guinea and Lesser Sunda Islands. Following the 1965 coup, all non-religious people were recognized as Atheist, and hence did not receive a balanced treatment compared to the rest of the citizens. As a result, Protestant churches experienced a significant growth of members, partly due to the uncomfortable feeling towards the political aspirations of Islamic parties. Roman Catholicism Catholicism arrived in Indonesia during the Portuguese arrival with spice trading. Many Portuguese had the goal of spreading Roman Catholicism in Indonesia, starting with Moluccas in 1534. Between 1546 and 1547, the pioneer Christian missionary,...
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...reputation within the Fransiscan order. It is after the Mongol invasion on Eastern Europe and Legnica battle that threatened the European Christendom, that Pope Innocent IV then decided that to send him to the Mongolian empire. The reason for sending an emissary was partly for purposes of protesting against attacks on Christian people and the European lands. To prevent further attacks, he wished to convert the emperor into Christianity (Lane, 139). However, according to Giovanni’s account, he was also highly interested in understanding the military powers and abilities of the Mongols. As a Christian, Giovanni was amazed by the level of social integrity, cohesiveness and respect among the Mongols despite them not being Christians like him. He says that the tartars seemed more obedient than other people to their leaders whether they were secular or religious. They always respected them and never lied to them (Lane, 139). Actually even among themselves, there never occurred differences by word or by actions, which are similar characteristics and virtues, taught by Christianity that Giovanni was sent to spread. Moreover, there were no vices such as stealing, promiscuity, killing or fighting. They always shared the little they had with each other, and everyone was treated fairly and equally regardless of sex or status in the society. For example, whenever a man and a woman were found committing adultery or fornication, they were both killed, unlike in the old Christian days where only the...
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...The search for truth ponders the mind of religious believers. Therefore, spiritual welfare lies between Christianity, religion and the Islamic faith. Christianity and Islam differences bring tremendous conflict in religious committees past and present. For centuries the debate which religion symbolizes the true religion has taunted the minds of followers. And still today this question continues to divide God’s people. Religion shapes the very existence of people. The belief of a higher power challenges the heart of the young and the old throughout the world. The desired feeling of purity gears ambition to seek truth in God through religion of Christianity or Islamic faith. Much disgrace, rage has surface the mind of believers leading non-believers...
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...Colonization and Cultural Change in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe There is a major importance of customs and traditions in the African nations. The customs and traditions decide the fate of the men, women, and children of each separate tribe, as well as how the men are viewed from neighboring tribes. Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart achieves the paradoxical effect of enabling African tribal life to be accessible to western society, while simultaneously excluding it. The incursion of the colonizing force is changing or threatening to change almost every aspect of their society: religion, family structure, gender roles, relations, and trade. In this novel Achebe uses the term Locusts to symbolize the arrival of white settlers who will feast on and exploit the resources of the Igbo. Achebe aims to show that Africa is not the uncivilized, simple country that it is portrayed as by other cultures. His work aims to show the reader to understand the tribe and assist the reader to think about the reasoning behind the beliefs that may be viewed as odd or illogical. For instance; that a child should be murdered or the spirits of the dead must be appeased, if not it can have grave consequences for some tribal members. Or the tribal concept of 'bloating' they simply take people suffering with it to the evil forest and leave them for dead, to them this perfectly logical. Paul Brians (Washington State University, 2002) states that "its most striking feature is to create...
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...ideas and new products into their lives. (Islam became a common practice for the lives of coastal settlements in East Africa. The surrounding city-states of the Muslims in East Africa were affected due to the arrival of...
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...Introduction https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.csuglobal.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9853b735-e328-4a2c-bbcb-07824cabe5ce%40sessionmgr4001&vid=5&hid=4213 Briefly describe Okondwo and Umuofia. “If ever a man deserved his success, that man was Okonkwo. At an early age he had achieved fame as the greatest wrestler in all the land. That was not luck. At the most one could say that his chi or personal god was good. But the Ibo people have a proverb that when a man say yes his chi says yes also. Okonkwo said yes very strongly; so his chi agreed. And not only his chi but his clan too, because it judged a man by the work of his hands.” Overview of missionaries entering Thesis statement describing the elements of each culture, their clash, and how the English destroyed the spirit of an entire culture by imposing theirs. This collapsing culture and broken spirit of the clans led to the suicide of Okondwo. Body Paragraph 1 – Okondwo’s Culture Perception of Masculinity (Gender Roles) “Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness.” “To show affection was a sign of weakness; the only thing worth demonstrating was strength.” “No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man.” Traditions & Societal Status Taking titles and marrying multiple wives is the ultimate goal. “Having spoken plainly...
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