...U.S. Border Security (land, Air, Sea) Kelvin Lewis National University U.S. Border Security (land, air, sea) International borders define the sovereign territories of nations like the United States. Ports of entry and borders provide the exit and entrance points for people, goods, and conveyances, which enter or depart a country. Modulating borders and other ports of entry like the airports is crucial in ensuring the law and preventing the flow of contrabands, which may include illegal drugs. Moreover, criminals may use these points of entry to enter the U.S and carry out their illegal activities. The U.S borders and airports have exhibited a vulnerability towards the drug threat. Through restricting the flow of drugs across its borders, the U.S can reduce the availability of drug within its borders (McLinden & World Bank. 2011). Consequently, it may significantly reduce the effects of drug trafficking and drug abuse in the country. The smuggling of drugs and the entry of criminals is an unbearable slur to the welfare of the nation. The duty of countering the effects of aliens and contrabands is vested in local law-enforcement, state and federal agencies. These agencies are responsible for setting up security schemes in the airports. Nonetheless, recent terrorist and smuggling events have portrayed the vulnerability of the security systems in the U.S airports. The security systems employ modern and conventional technology. It thus begs the question as to...
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...United States Border Security Post 9/11 ABSTRACT U.S. border security in the post 9/11 era requires careful attention to all potential threats with particular focus on mitigating circumstances that lead to reductions in citizen safety and security. These efforts must be balanced with protection of U.S. citizens’ rights to freedom of movement and commerce. Additionally, security activities must protect borders while minimizing interference with international trade. Primary concerns at the land borders include tracking movements of people into and out of the U.S. (including potential terrorists) at the traditional borders, curtailing illegal immigration and stopping drug trafficking. Sea borders are the primary route of illegal smuggling and now have more coordinated efforts between federal agencies, law enforcement, and private interests. Skies are protected by the DHS and its private entity the TSA but often include invasive search procedures for passengers. With the post 9/11 realization of America’s vulnerability to external threats, border security became a subject of greater inquiry and action. United States border security can be categorized by the three mediums of transportation across borders – land, sea, and sky. Significant changes have occurred in the domestic security protocols utilized in all three mediums to reduce terrorist threats on U.S. soil, drug trafficking, and illegal immigration. While it seems obvious in the post 9/11 perspective that domestic...
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...U.S. Border Security (land, Air, Sea) U.S. Border Security (land, air, sea) International borders define the sovereign territories of nations like the United States. Ports of entry and borders provide the exit and entrance points for people, goods, and conveyances, which enter or depart a country. Modulating borders and other ports of entry like the airports is crucial in ensuring the law and preventing the flow of contrabands, which may include illegal drugs. Moreover, criminals may use these points of entry to enter the U.S and carry out their illegal activities. The U.S borders and airports have exhibited a vulnerability towards the drug threat. Through restricting the flow of drugs across its borders, the U.S can reduce the availability of drug within its borders (McLinden & World Bank. 2011). Consequently, it may significantly reduce the effects of drug trafficking and drug abuse in the country. The smuggling of drugs and the entry of criminals is an unbearable slur to the welfare of the nation. The duty of countering the effects of aliens and contrabands is vested in local law-enforcement, state and federal agencies. These agencies are responsible for setting up security schemes in the airports. Nonetheless, recent terrorist and smuggling events have portrayed the vulnerability of the security systems in the U.S airports. The security systems employ modern and conventional technology. It thus begs the question as to how effective the security...
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...The border security, economic opportunity, and immigration modernization act is a bill to provide for comprehensive immigration reform and for other purposes. This act was introduced by the senate, proposed by Chuck Schumer to make it impossible for undocumented immigrants to gain legal status, and to make a securer border (“Text of the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act”). If the bill is passed the bill would keep all expatriate or any immigrants sent out of the United States by government commands (“Text of the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act”). By doing this all U.S citizens would benefit because they all would now be kept safe but it would be harder due to time to check for approval to leave or come back into the United stated for any citizen due to security reasons. Illegal immigrants would not be able to come into the United States unauthorized and the citizens of the United States will be safe and secure from attackers or any unlawful duty wanting to be caused by outsiders. This bill should not be passed because to newcomers the United States is a safe haven to all and the land of the free. If they are not allowed to come to the United States to be free, where else is there for them to go? There is no other land called the “Land of The Free” besides the United States and it should stand behind its name. No one but the outsiders know how despotic their leaders are or could be. Yes, this bill...
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...BORDER SECURITY OF TEXAS AND MEXICO FirstName LastName Class Name DD Month, YYYY bORDER sECURITY OF texas and mexico Border security is a subject that is at the forefront of the mind of most people today. When considering border security, the subject of illegal immigration is often the first consideration. When considering the impact and cost of illegal immigration, many people consider only the jobs illegal immigrants may take away from legal citizens. While the impact to the job market is certainly of concern, that is an issue which can be controlled by the employer. Employers do not have to hire illegal immigrants. However, there are other factors to consider regarding border security and illegal immigration beyond that of the job market which are not voluntary, and the taxpayer has no control over. This paper will focus on the specific Texas and Mexico border security topics as they relate to illegal immigration: 1. Texas-Mexico Border and Illegal Immigration 2. Illegal Immigrant Education 3. Illegal Immigrant Social Welfare and Health Care Programs 4. Illegal Immigrant Criminal Justice Texas-Mexico Border and Illegal Immigration The subject of illegal immigration has become a hot topic in the current political environment. It is not surprise, as the population of illegal immigrants in the United States grows with every passing day. In 1996, the estimated population of illegal immigrants in the United States was 5 million people. As of 2011...
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...to our nation’s security, society, and ideals. One of these threats is illegal immigration. The United States has the largest illegal-immigrant population of any nation. As a result of illegal immigration, our country’s need for strong and safe borders is at an all time high. Recently, Senator John McCain introduced the bill, cosponsored by Arizona Senator Jeff Flake, the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Terrorism and Homeland Security, S.750 - Arizona Borderlands Protection and Preservation Act, where it passed the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental...
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...Should The United States Militarize Its' Borders What does the word territory mean to you? Could it mean simply an area of land that is ruled under the jurisdiction of a state or leader? Territory is one of the never ending battles humans of the Earth will face. We fought over it hundreds of thousands of years ago. And we are still fighting over it today. The battles we face today are different that in the past. Today the United States are fighting to keep the U.S. of America free and not overrun. But is that victory we envision in our future worth the cost it will entail. The only thing that is separating the United States border and Mexico’s border is simply an imaginary line. It is nothing we can see just what we are told is there. Then there are the official structures, the fences and wall and the use of border patrol agents to enforce the laws and boundaries. Yet you still have illegal immigrants crossing into United States territory without permission. What can we do to solve this issue at hand? We can invest in the use of heavy force. We can militarize our borders. Militarization is the organization or aggregation of military force in a territory. (Wickham, n.d.) The United States can send thousands of men and women to the borders to stop this from occurring. They can increase the size of the fences and walls. Invest in drones and spy planes. The only problem is how many will it take, or how will this affect the economy of the United States. This could lead to higher...
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...Title Page BARBARA’S BLOUSES 1). What are some of the risks of buying overseas that one can avoid by buying from domestic sources? The major risk for any procurement team or importer to consider when buying overseas verses domestic is the associated costs. Some of these include: * Tariffs and the risks associated with non- tariffs - Tariffs are taxes levied on goods when they cross an international border, e.g. import duties. Non- tariff includes laws, regulations or requirements that prevent or impede the importation of goods without a good cause. These may include customs procedures, inadequate infrastructure, and protectionist government subsidies. * Distance in which these products come from thus increasing lead times – longer lead times can result in missing customer deadlines and can be very costly. * Transportation and Logistics costs for importing based on distance can also result in heavier costs towards the cost of the material or the importer * Currency and fluctuations – if the currency exchange is not predicted or considered, there could be significant loses to the cost of the items. * Quality: returns or warranties of materials – this can also cause a high cost due to the fact that returns or warranties may not exist, hence the importer taking the hit on these deficiencies or damages * Evaluation and hidden costs such as TCO should always be considered in order to understand the full cost to bring an item or items from overseas verses domestic...
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...Critical Thinking Kevin Schook ISM510 - Information Technology in the Global Enterprise Colorado State University – Global Dr. Omondi Opala April 12, 2015 Module 5: Critical Thinking Regulating data flows Regulation of cross border data flows or data protection regulation has had negative implications on sectors of the economy, business, organizations that are public and NGOs. The public has been very narrow when it comes to data protection regulation. Even when discussed the public has concerns about the costs that it would take to implement a proper regulation. The public would be taking a risk that involves unintended consequences that could become over-looked and even produce negative consequences that could restrict existing business opportunities. The level of data protection subjects are not improved because of ineffectively designed measures, poor targeting of instruments, and the public narrow view on cross border data regulation. The end result is excessive opportunity costs to society, businesses along with consumers, and leaving everyone else in a bad position. Here are some negative impacts that result from cross border data restrictions: 1. Cross border data flow of customers to foreign countries is prohibited. 2. Cross border data flow of employees to other businesses in foreign countries is prohibited. 3. IT/Server infrastructure forced to another location. Business impacts Some of the issues stated above are trade barriers because they restrict...
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...indigenous people. Zaitchik is a freelance journalist who is affiliated with Poverty Law, a U.S. organization that supports ethnic and racial tolerance. He also has published articles in the Prague Post, the Prague Pill, Reason, and the New Republic. Zaitchik’s article attempts to convey the idea that Mexico’s economy is forcing people to take desperate measures in order to survive. He uses his experience with a border crossing simulation as a way to lure the reader into the article. Zaitchik then proceeds to use statistical evidence to enlighten the reader about Mexico’s economic dependency on migrant workers. Zaitchik travelled to Mexico to learn about and participate in the border crossing simulation. He effectively uses his experience with the border crossing simulation, its participants, the Otomi people and his knowledge of the Mexican economy to effectively present his argument. Zaitchik’s personal experience and knowledge of the Otomi’s plight supplement his argument. He provides a series of facts and anecdotal evidence to show the emergence of a border crossing simulation in Mezquital Valley as a prelude to a bigger problem, Mexico’s economic dependency on migrant workers. Zaitchik states that the Otomi, the indigenous people of Mezquital Valley, lost 90% of their working class to migrant workers (258). Many of the Otomi migrant workers make the trip north to work seasonally, but many are unable or unwilling to return (259). The author’s use of these facts establishes...
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...Anthony Batista Professor Black ENGL 102 06-06-2012 On the Border Is protecting our borders necessary? For the sake of argument, we can all agree some level of protection is necessary. A hasty generalization, perhaps, but let’s continue nonetheless. The real question becomes-- to what extent should we secure our borders? Here is where we reach a fork in the river. On one side, you have the conservative right-wing view, pushing to secure our borders at all costs. On the other side, is the liberal left-wing view, advocating for leniency when it comes to securing our borders. Let’s start with the conservative viewpoint. In the article “At the Border, on the Night Watch”, Marc Lacey reports on decreased border crossings in the border town of Douglas, Arizona. For example, “no matter the dire rhetoric often heard in political circles, crossings at this stretch of border are nowhere near what they once were” (Lacey). This is a good example of a slippery slope fallacy appealing to the fear factor (i.e. claim that a certain way of thinking or acting will necessary lead to more of the same). Proponents for border patrol argue an increase in staffing serve as a deterrent to thwart border crossings and help to apprehend drug traffickers, which ignores the possibilities of lesser financial incentive due to a weaker U.S. economy for immigrants or perhaps, more attractive crossing routes elsewhere. Another argument of proponents is improved fencing. For example, “Douglas used...
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...Rapid technological developments with the onset of modernism and capitalism, movement of people and goods across national borders has become easy. Foreign investment became a common trend particularly in the 20th century. People have found employment overseas. People from various countries work or do business together. With these developments, it is obvious that conflicts between parties of different nationalities occur and liability to tax on income of foreigners especially among those engaging in trading venture. Whilst the laws affecting domicile and residence may be sufficiently settled, it is paramount for courts to pursue a detailed analysis to ascertain specific preliminary issues so as to avoid controversial rulings. Courts often handle numerous financial cases that involve what can be best described as foreign or international elements. In such cases, court must decide whether it has the jurisdiction under the Family Law Act 1975 to make a decision on such cases. In the event that it is determined that the court is invested with the jurisdiction to determine the case, the court has to consider whether there is a system of law in foreign country that also has the jurisdiction to handle the case. As it was addressed in the case Attorney General of New Zealand v Ortiz [1984] AC 1, these benefits and costs to either party if the case resolution is made in foreign country as compared with the apparent country should also be a subject of concern. [1] Legal systems...
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...if they are separated from other cultures and classes; sometimes we can feel disconnected with our own customs which have evolved though a history that we may or may not have been a part of. Author Mimi Swartz in “Once upon a time in Laredo” correlates the complex history of the small border town of Laredo in south Texas with an annual debutant ball honoring the first United States President and his wife. In an effort to “gin up patriotism along the border” (p.4) the pageant celebration can not only remedy the town’s struggles with their history and multicultural background but also show Laredo’s present struggles with lineage and class structure in a changing modern world. Swartz makes evidence of her claim by giving historical examples behind Laredo and how the town became so famous for its debutant ball. Understanding the unique challenges this border town in Texas was facing, the author paints a picture of how its existence came to be. “After the U.S. defeated Mexico in 1948 in a bitter war for control of Texas, the boundary between the two countries shifted to the Rio Grande, and Laredo jointed the Union”(p.4). Once territories were drawn and many of its citizens came from across the border and even “drawing immigrants from Europe and other parts of the U.S.” (p.4), the town was becoming multicultural in nature. In an effort to cement itself in the country, the citizens of Laredo had created a celebration for George Washington “…to prove that Laredo’s loyalty was to the...
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...* The case is before the court for respondent’s motion to suppress evidence * Agent Stoddard did not have reasonable suspicion to stop the vehicle as set forth by the Fourth Amendment * District Court of Arizona denied respondent’s motions to suppress * Facts of the Case * The afternoon of January 1998 Agent Clinton Stoddard was working at a border checkpoint by highway 191 30 mile north of Douglas Arizona * Respondent was traveling on an unpaved road and area Know to be taken by drug smugglers * respondents minivan set off the magnetic sensors which are used to alert boarder officer * Officer Stoddard spotted the respondent and asked permission to search the minivan * Issue(s) * Does Agent have good cause to stop Respondent minivan in compliance of the Fourth Amendment? * Holding * The court rule in favor of Agent Stoddard after examining the facts stated Stoddard had reasonable suspicion to believe that respondent was engage in drugs smuggling * Reasoning * The court applied the reasoning Stoddard to inter from his observation, registration check, experience as a border patrol agent. Stoddard had reasonable suspicion to believe that Arvizu was engaged in illegal activity, having considered the totality of the circumstances and given due weight to the factual inferences drawn by the law enforcement officer and District Court Judge. The Court reasoned that, although each factor alone could have appeared innocent, when taken...
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...Q.1 What role did country environments, government policies and firm level capabilities play in the evolution of the global computer industry? Country Environments: Government’s R&D efforts provided the initial spark required by private firms, who took over and expanded the early concepts to commercially viable ideas and products. Also, the government agencies were a major buyer of computer technologies. Japanese government started many state subsidised research projects which helped local firms to develop competency mainframe and computer manufacturing. European nations also provided funding to their local firms for R&D. Government Policies: Government policies often followed protectionist strategies against foreign competitors and allowed local firms to expand and grow. This was evident from the governments favouring local firms over foreign vendors for buying technologies. In Japan, state departments were mandated to buy Japanese products. The US state departments were a major buyer of IBM’s general purpose computers. All European nations also favoured their own local firms for all government procurements. The government policies also helped in the regulation of domestic competition and fostered more competition. The U.S. Department of Justice initiated three major antitrust suits against IBM which forced the company to unbundle its hardware and software which opened the door for other hardware and software vendors to make compatible products. Firm Level Capabilities: ...
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