...Section 1: Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental illness marked by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. Because some people with severe borderline personality disorder have brief psychotic episodes, experts originally thought of this illness as atypical, or borderline, versions of other mental disorders. While mental health experts now generally agree that the name "borderline personality disorder" is misleading, a more accurate term does not exist yet. The symptoms of borderline disorder were first described in the medical literature over 3000 years ago. The disorder has gained increasing visibility over the past three decades. The full spectrum of symptoms of borderline disorder typically first appears in the teenage years and early twenties. Although some children with significant behavioral disturbances may develop readily diagnosable borderline disorder as they get older, it is very difficult to make the diagnosis in children. It is estimated that more than 14 million American adults, distributed equally between men and women, have borderline personality disorder. It is more common than schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: an estimated 11% of outpatients, 20% of psychiatric inpatients and 6% of primary care visits meet the criteria for the disorder. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis can be difficult. As ,ost patients with bipolar disorder go years before receiving an appropriate diagnosis and starting mood stabilizers[1] As with all personality disorders, the...
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...Running Head: BORDERLINE PERSONALITY Borderline Personality Disorder: Diagnostic Complexity and Misunderstanding Nova Southeastern University March 31, 2009 “The term borderline personality disorder (BPD) suggests the image of a person who is on the edge or border of something” (Stoeltje, 2009). During the beginning of the twentieth century, all psychiatric problems were viewed as falling along a single continuum that ranged from neurotic to psychotic. Originally, the border in borderline was believed to fall somewhere within this continuum, and was actually once termed pseudo-neurotic schizophrenia. While many of the instances of the disorder have been cited in medical literature since the 1930’s, the condition did not get official recognition as borderline personality disorder until the 1980’s (Stoeltje, 2009). Now, professionals have abandoned the single continuum concept of behavioral health problems, and now know borderline personality disorder does not progress into schizophrenia (Stoeltje, 2009). In fact, approximately 2 to 4 percent of adults (at least six million people nationwide) suffer from a clinically significant form of borderline personality disorder. As a fairly new psychological disorder, the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is still debated, with various symptoms commonly mistaken for other disorders. Despite the ongoing controversy, the unique symptoms, age and gender differences, possible causes...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental illness that is marked by unstable moods, behaviors and relationships according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Though it is not uncommon for an adult to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, it is not common for an adolescent to be diagnosed. There are many symptoms of borderline personality disorder that are very similar to the mental changes adolescents go through while entering and progressing through puberty. According to the article on www.psychiatrictimes.com , there are nine criteria that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) uses in order to decide whether or not a child is suffering from borderline personality disorder: 1) Efforts to avoid abandonment a. They will do anything in order to save a relationship, whether it is a boyfriend/girlfriend or best friend. b. If a breakup of the relationship does occur, there is an increased risk of suicide. 2) Unstable relationships a. Patients with borderline personality disorder tend to have relationships that are either over idealized or devalued. b. They are the best person in the world one minute and the enemy the next. c. They have an all or nothing, black or white type of thinking. 3) Unstable sense of self a. Self-loathing b. Hard to tell whether it is normal behavior or a symptom of borderline personality disorder because adolescents without bpd feel this way. 4) Dangerous impulsivity a...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious emotional condition, typically with a tendency towards unstable and turbulent emotions, heightened anger, feelings of emptiness, and fears of being left alone. An individual with borderline personality disorder finds it hard to cope with limiting demands of the world around them. They will often take impulsive actions, and as a result, have relationships, which become chaotic and unstable. The sufferer's sense of identity may be affected, and relationships with work colleagues, friends and household members may turbulent. A BPD patient may seem calm and serene one moment, and then suddenly explode in outbursts of anger or rage at what they may perceive as disapproval or rejection. BPD is often misunderstood. It is more common than other recognized mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. BPD is a serious condition because many people with the condition are prone to self-harm and attempt suicide. According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary: “Borderline Personality Disorder is "an enduring and pervasive pattern that begins by early adulthood and is characterized by impulsivity and unpredictability, unstable interpersonal relationships, inappropriate or uncontrolled affect, especially anger, identity disturbances, rapid shifts of mood, suicidal acts, self-mutilations, job and marital instability, chronic feelings of emptiness or boredom, and intolerance of being alone." Although the...
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...Borderline personality disorder is a disordered behavior pattern that develops by early adulthood, and is characterized by multiple types of psychological instability and impulsiveness, often involves intense and frequent mood changes, fear of abandonment, and a risk of suicide according to Merriam-Webster.com. In Oldham’s article “Personality Disorders” he states that in many important ways, we are what we do. It is easier to determine the “what” of our personality rather than the “why”. We all have unique personalities and no two people are the same, for instance like our fingerprints. Individuals’ temperament is a key component of a person’s developing personality, along with the shaping and molding influences of family, caretakers, and environmental experiences. Personality disorders are diagnosed by a classical system of descriptive psychopathology within a framework adopted by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and published in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (). The DSM has had many revisions with the latest revision being published in 2000. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR) is used to diagnose psychiatric illness. The DSM-IV TR has a multiaxial approach that includes five dimensions. Axis I: Clinical Syndromes, Axis II: Personality and Mental Retardation, Axis III: Medical Conditions, Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems, and Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning...
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...Antionette Bell Borderline Personality Disorder April 23, 2012 According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, border line personality disorder is defined as a condition in which people have long-term patterns of unstable or turbulent emotions, such as feelings about themselves and others. These inner experiences often cause them to take impulsive actions and have chaotic relationships, www.us.national.libraryofmedicine.com. The development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is complex; there are likely a variety of borderline personality disorder causes. Most experts believe that BPD develops as a result of biological, genetic and environmental factors. The factors that may cause BPD are discussed below. However, it is important to keep in mind that the exact causes of BPD are not known yet. Right now these are theories that have some research support but are by no means conclusive. More research is needed to determine how and why the factors discussed below are related to BPD. http://bpd.about.com/od/causesofbpd/a/CausesBPD.htm There is strong evidence to support a link between distressing childhood experiences, particularly involving caregivers, and BPD. The types of experiences that may be associated with BPD include, but are not limited to, physical and sexual abuse, early separation from caregivers, emotional or physical neglect, emotional abuse, and parental insensitivity. Marsha Linehan, the developer of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for BPD, believes...
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...When you look at a human you see whats on the outside, but on the inside 1.6 percent of humans ages 18 and older suffer from BPD (borderline personality disorder). Borderline personality disorder is a state of mind in which a persons emotions are unstable and unpredictable. BPD's history has been traced back to being found in mostly adolescence and early adulthood, in rare cases its seen in childhood. Most cases are not discovered until the age of 16 and 17. Eighty percent of BPD patients are women, and about one out of ten BPD patients commit suicide without failing. When someone has BPD they tend to make impulsive actions. they have an unstable mood and chaotic relationships. In the general population of people around the world personality disorders affect 10% of those general population. The DSM-IV explains ten aspects of PD (Personality DIsorder), BPD is more of a clinical practice due to it being the most difficult and having troubling problems in the phychiatry world. Borderline personality disorder is not easiely spotted in young children, it usually can not be diagnosed until adulthood. A person with BPD often have intense and unstable relationships, these relationships often swinging from love to hate and back to love. BPD patients are mostly persistent to avoid real or imagined abandonment, people with BPD often think that everything is either all good or all bad. BPD patients often think and view them selves as victims of a event and take little responsibility for...
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...Evaluate the evidence for borderline personality disorder being (a) caused by adverse events in childhood, and (b) treatable? Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is psychiatric disorder characterised by a ubiquitous pattern of instability and impulsivity. Those with BPD struggle to maintain interpersonal relationships due to social inhibition and impulsive aggression. They also tend to find it difficult maintaining a positive self-image, often resulting in a nagging feeling of inadequacy. Of the general population, 1-2% are affected by BPD-Many psychologists have suggested that BPD balances on the line between mood and personality (Tyrer, 2009), which means that there can often be some confusion when diagnosing. A range of factors have...
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...Literature Review Homework #3 1. What factors affect facial expression sensitivity in patients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder? 2. The keywords that I used to search for articles on this topic were BPD and facial expression sensitivity, BPD and facial recognition in adolescence. 3. On PubMed, I searched using the keywords BPD and facial expression sensitivity and the search returned 21 results. On PsychNet, I searched using the keywords of BPD facial expression sensitivity and the search only returned 4 results. I also searched on Google Scholar with the search terms of BPD and facial recognition in adolescence and it returned 18,700 results. 4. Article #1 Citation: Daros, A. R., Uliaszek, A. A., & Ruocco, A. C. (2014). Perceptual biases in facial emotion recognition in borderline personality disorder. Personality...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is one of the most severe types of psychological disorders that can be comorbid with depression, gambling, substance use, eating, bipolar and posttraumatic stress disorders (CAMH, n.d.). According to Leichsenring et al., approximately 0.5 percent to 5.9 percent of the American population is diagnosed with BPD (2011) and nearly two percent of the population being adult women (Lilienfeld et al., 2016). In research conducted by Kernberg & Michels, almost twenty percent of the population diagnosed with BPD are in psychiatric care, and four percent of the population diagnosed with BPD live within the community (2009). The contribution to the progression of BPD are influenced by genetic, biological and environmental...
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...Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder that affects roughly 1.6% of the United States population. That is roughly 4 million people. Many more mostly likely suffer from BPD but go undiagnosed due to it often being miss diagnosed. More often than not, BPD gets mistaken for other illness like severe depression or bipolar disorder. BPD is not easy to treat, it usually takes combinations of multiple drugs or therapy to help suffers to cope with the symptoms of BPD. There is no cure for BPD, it is a life long disease. Over the years, the definition of BPD has changed. This paper will discuss the history or BPD, signs and symptoms, and some different treatments in hopes to shed some light on this disease. BPD has a long,...
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...Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder marked by a pattern of on going instability in moods, behavior, self image and overall functioning. What that means is that people with Borderline Personality Disorder don't have very much control over their behavior, and their moods are easily influenced by other people's actions and words towards them. It doesn't just affect the person that has this disorder, it can also affect the other people, or the people who are caring for them and how they interact in public. Researchers have found that the family members of those with mental illness are at a higher risk for having depression, grief, burden, and even isolation. Some signs and symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder...
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...far as 5000 BC. Since that time, three hundred different kinds of mental illnesses have been documented. Out of those hundreds of illnesses, Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a recently discovered mental illness that was first listed as a diagnosable illness in 1980 and affects 1.6 percent of adults in the United States. This mental illness is thought to be produced by genetic and environmental factors which cause the victim to have symptoms like unstable moods, behavior, and relationships, which can be treated through therapy and medication. While Borderline Personality Disorder is still in its early stages of research, most scientists agree that genetic and environmental factors are likely to be involved. Examinations on twins with BPD suggest that the illness is strongly inherited. Another study shows that a person can inherit personality traits from family members, particularly focusing on impulsiveness and aggression. Although 60 percent of Borderline Personality Disorder cases are genetically inherited, it can also be developed through environmental factors. Environmental causes tend to be associated with poor parenting or unstable families. Some examples are early separation from one or both parents, repeated...
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...“Borderline personality disorder is a serious psychiatric condition associated with instability in affect and identity, significantly impaired interpersonal relationships, and self-injurious behaviors” (Sharp 1). Borderline personality disorder, or Borderline for short is a disorder that affects many Americans at different ages. Borderline can affect individuals as young as 6 years old (Borderline Personality Disorder 1). Borderline affects more than 3 million people per year in the U.S. that is only counting the individuals that seek help. (Borderline Personality Disorder 1). There is no cure for Borderline, however there are treatments available. The cause for Borderline is still unknown however the diagnosis is made based on symptoms shown...
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...ETIOLOGY Individuals with borderline personality disorder have an increased likelihood of decreased size of the amygdala and the hippocampus, both associated with emotion and motivation. There is also evidence in decreased production or transmission of serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter. Decreased levels of serotonin has been associated with mood disruption, such as depression, irritability, and anger along with impulsive behavior (Bateman & Krawitz, 2013, p23). Additionally, there has been noted decreased neurological electrical activity in those with BPD. There is a genetic factor to the development of borderline personality disorder. First-degree relatives of sufferers of BPD have five times greater risk of the disorder than the general population. Additionally, they display an increased risk for substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, and depressive disorders including...
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