...nightmare A photo displayed on one of James Mason’s galleries— The War in Central Bosnia. The photo was named “The Unknown” and taken on the summer of 1993. A year before this, 1992, the Serbs attacked Bosnia. The destruction of war was tremendous: buildings were split open with their wires hanging outside, villages were burnt, and rivers of people were fleeing. Inside this seemingly moving picture, lies a stillness— a coffin, an open coffin. Its white sophisticated surface was dabbed with spots of rain from the grey above, dimming its reflections. A body lied inside, as the hoary clouds grow larger, hovering moistly above the mournful land. His hand was tied with his fists on his chest, like the pharaoh of ancient Egypt, symboling the immense power and wealth; or maybe, simply, for the convenience of burying. The word “Nepoznat” was narrowly engraved on two pieces of wood that were nailed on the apex of the coffin. Later I found out, it meant “The Unknown” in Croatian. The horrified expression was now gone from the man’s face. His eyes were closed like he was sleeping. He looked peaceful and relieved. To him, the war had left, the pain was gone and the suffer wouldn't bother him anymore. But, it was only because he was dead. While the world focused on Sarajevo (the capital of Bosnia), the real fighting was going on in villages and towns. Most of the time it wasn't even fighting, but murder by an army. The war was so cruel in Bosnia that it seemed only in death could...
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...The Bosnian War was a conflict in the Balkans, a region in Southeastern Europe with a long history of border disputes, that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 until its end in 1995. The war resulted in the deaths of around one hundred thousand people, eighty percent of whom were Bosniaks and was part of a series of wars known as the Yugoslav Wars. A Bosniak is different from a Bosnian in that they are followers of Islam. However, today both Bosniaks and Bosnians will classify themselves as being simply just Bosnian. My goal in this paper is to bring this war to light by discussing how it started, whom it involved, how it progressed, and how it ended. Bosnia and Herzegovina, before becoming an independent nation, was part of Yugoslavia....
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...Yugoslavia. This dispute led to the Bosnian War, which lasted from the year of 1992 to 1995. This was a three year period war, yet nearly 100,000 people were assassinated during the disagreement. Both the United States and the European Community recognized that in the year of 1992, Bosnia was now an independent country. The three most dominate organizations, which were the Bosnia Muslims, Serbs, and the Croats, went up against each other for the Bosnian territorial jurisdiction.” The international community tried broker peace in the religion, but wasn't able to succeed”. This disagreement was especially brutal between the Bosnian Muslims and the Serbs, in the Eastern...
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...belligerents in the Bosnian War were the forces of the Republic of Bosnia(Bosnian Government Forces) and Herzegovina and those of the self-proclaimed Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Croat entities within Bosnia and Herzegovina,Republika Srpska and Herzeg-Bosnia, who were led and supplied by Serbia and Croatia respectively. The war came about as a result of the breakup of Yugoslavia. Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the multi-ethnic Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was inhabited by Muslim Bosnians(44 percent), Orthodox Serbs (31 percent) and Catholic Croats (17 percent), passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992. This was rejected by the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs, who had boycotted the referendum and established their own republic. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence (which had gained international recognition), the Bosnian Serbs, supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milosevic and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), mobilized their forces inside the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to secure Serbian territory, then war soon broke out across the country, accompanied by the ethnic cleansing of the Muslim Bosnian and Croat population, especially in eastern Bosnia and throughout the Republika Srpska. The Muslims were the people who were affected by the ethnic cleansing, but it was the Bosnian govt. forces that had...
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...I. INTRODUCTION The main instruments of International Humanitarian Law (hereafter referred to as IHL) are the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 19491 for the protection of war victims. These treaties which are universally accepted, protect the wounded, the sick, prisoners of war and civilians in enemy hands. They also protect medical services personnel such as medical personnel, medical units and establishments, and medical means of transport. As a matter of fact this kind of concern for the humanitarian aspect can be found in our ancient epics like the Mahabharata, where the rules of conduct of war as to the timing of attack and the prohibition attacking the unarmed were strictly laid down. The laws of Manu, a compilation of encyclopedic scope, which the British Professor Duncan M. Derrett a known authority on Hindu Law describes as a text "which constitutes India's greatest achievement in the field of jurisprudence" and regards this work as one of the world's premier compositions in ancient law, more valuable in every sense than Hammurabi and able to hold its own in comparison to the covenant and Priestly codes of Moses2 . Manu, while describing the duties of a King, warns against unusual cruelty even against an enemy in warfare, and has this to say, "fighting in a battle, he should not kill his enemies with weapons that are concealed, barbed, or smeared with poison or whose points blaze with fire. He should not kill anyone who has climbed on a...
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...#3 War and Religion The history of human warfare goes back to the beginning of recorded history. Wars have been fought over Power, space, resources, personal preference, insults, to defend, racism, independence, and religion. People can be pretty passionate about their religious beliefs. So, it is not surprising that at least a few famous wars have resulted from disagreements about religion. Atheists say that most wars are fought over religion and without religion clouding the minds of individuals that most if not all wars would be eradicated from world. “John Lennon” sings in one of his songs “Imagine no religion” implying that without religion no wars would be fought. So how can all these “atheist” and political figures think that a majority of wars are fought over religion? I in fact think the opposite and would like to share some of my ideas with you. If wars were fought mainly over religion than history has deceived us. A recent comprehensive compilation of the history of human warfare, “Encyclopedia of Wars” by Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod documents 1763 wars, of which 123 have been classified to involve a religious conflict. So, what atheists have considered being "most" really amounts to less than 7% of all wars. It is interesting to note that 66 of these wars (more than 50%) involved Islam, which did not even exist as a religion for the first 3,000 years of recorded human warfare. These numbers show a staggering truth in the matter that most wars are...
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...The Bosnian war was a war against people. Lots of people fled from their homes because it was too dangerous to stay there. Bosnia’s main ethnic groups ar Muslims, Serbs, and Croats they all have their own culture and way of living. One refugee, Aldina Kovac was a Catholic and she was 30 with a child on the way. She saw children being shot and people left to die because of their ethnicity. She didn’t want to start a family in a country that was being torn apart. Aldina Kovac was born in 1963 in Bosnia and she grew up as a Catholic in Bosnia. She grew up in a good family with good friends. She always thought about starting a family in her home country where she grew up. Around 1990 she found a man, Almir Ademov that she loved and they got married. They got married and then three years later she was pregnant with a little baby. This was few months after the war had...
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...die for your country.” Heroic views on war were not uncommon in the early Twentieth Century. In fact, prior to World War One war was idolised and seen as an ideal way to solve a dispute. Whilst other contributing factors; the assassination of the Austrian Archduke, rivalries and the web of alliances, were among the undoubtedly important influences, it is evident that the “The Glory of War” concept is the most significant cause that ultimately led to the First World War. The spark that ignited the First World War occurred in June of 1914 and was the assassination of the Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, and his wife in Sarajevo. Their visit to the Bosnian city occurred shortly...
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...Military Intervention Ever thought about why the U.S. always has to ho help other countries during a war? They should just sit back and mind their own business until they’re being directed in the war. The troops are being deployed to different areas around the world. The president needs to just keep them all in one spot to decrease the killing that’s happening. The military shouldn’t get involved with other countries war because that’s causing deaths, lack of support from the ones who are really battling in the war, and funding for it (Romesh 1). When the troops try to ask the government for help they always turn them down. Instead, the government is willing to help other countries like Syria with their weapons instead of the U.S. It’s the...
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...BOOK REVIEW: WAR (SECTION A, B AND C) Freedman, Lawrence.War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. The book War compiled by Lawrence Freedman was published by Oxford University Press Incorporated, New York in 1994. It comprises brief extracts and anecdotes on war. Freedman produced this book for those baffled by the phenomenon of war and to provide possible answers to the following key questions:What are the causes of war? How wars have been fought in the past and what are the prospects forthe future? Are there basic principles which should shape the conduct of war if it is to be successfully prosecuted? In what ways can the conduct of war be moral? Freedman uses contributions from historians, political scientists, philosophers, sociologists, economists and practitioners as material for the book in order to provide an interdisciplinary approach to answer the above questions. The author uses extracts of war starting from early nineteenth century and those that have a documentary bias as his choice of material for the book. It features some Anglo-Saxon experiences of war including materials from major powers and those who have been the receiving end of their campaigns in the Third World. The book has seven topical sections with a total of 97 extracts/articles. After the first section on the experience of war, the author devotes the second section to illustrate the causes of war. He focuses the next two sections on the phenomenon from sociological and ethical perspectives;...
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...when they flee leave behind almost all their possessions in search of a new,fresh life in another country. These asylum seekers flee due to war, persecution, and natural disasters. Abandoning their items and loved ones can be heartbreaking and can turn refugees’ lives “inside out”. Fourchantly, they can turn “back again” by resettling adequately with the support from the people around them; which is the same situation for Hà in Inside Out & Back Again. Back in Hà’s home country of South Vietnam, she used to be the normal, cheerful girl growing up in a time of war. She used to often delicious foods either through special occasions or by her being very cunning and selfish; also, everyday Hà observed her beloved papaya tree that she did not even intend to plant. However, with her mother making the bold, life...
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...The Clash of Civilizations? by Samuel P. Huntington (SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON is the Eaton Professor of the Science of Government and Director of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University. This article is the product of the Olin Institute's project on "The Changing Security Environment and American National Interests”. THE NEXT PATTERN OF CONFLICT WORLD POLITICS IS entering a new phase, and intellectuals have not hesitated to proliferate visions of what it will be -- the end of history, the return of traditional rivalries between nation states, and the decline of the nation state from the conflicting pulls of tribalism and globalism, among others. Each of these visions catches aspects of the emerging reality. Yet they all miss a crucial, indeed a central, aspect of what global politics is likely to be in the coming years. It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will be the battle lines of the future. Conflict between civilizations will be the latest phase of the evolution of conflict in the modern world. For a century and a half after the emergence of the...
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...through their experiences and struggles of living during the Bosnian war. The war had a great impact on all three of the characters, Arrow, Dragan, and Keenan, they were forced to live and make decisions that could affect their own well-being. Steven Galloway’s novel uses an effective writing style as his word choices show beneficial repetition of phrases, simple word choice that gives all readers a greater understanding and organization to further develop characters. When authors use repletion...
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...because it had the resources to do so. This was not an example of the role the United States should be playing because when a genocide takes place, it should always get involved. We are all humans, and we all deserve, at the bare minimum, to live. The country someone is from shouldn’t change that. Another era that the U.S. was involved with was regime of apartheid in South Africa, which was the oppression of the black majority by the white minority in the country that went on for 50 years. Despite the segregation and inequality in South Africa, president Ronald Reagan supported the white South African government for a very long time because it was allied with the U.S. in the Cold War, and a law to prevent apartheid wasn’t passed until 1986. The United States was wrong in this decision because while it did get involved, it helped the oppressors in South Africa because that’s what benefited itself. This is an example of what the US should not do. If the U.S. is ever going to get involved with the affairs of another country, it should be to preserve human rights and prevent crimes against humanity, never for selfish reasons (especially when those reasons actually make conditions in the country...
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...to cope with life’s tragedies? Religion in some ways gives us the answers to the ‘why ‘questions for instance, like death. First of all I do understand what message he was trying to spread. I feel that message he was trying to send to us, was for us to imagine a place where things like religion and countries for instance did not exist. He felt this would make a better place for all of us to live in peace.”Imagine all the people Living life in people” (Lennon, “Imagine”) I can relate with this statement. I remember when this song came out in the early 70’s. Times were tough during those years; the Vietnam War was still going on so there probably was a bit of a political message being sent as well. Either way I think the true message he was to trying to bring was for the world to come together as one. This to me is a great message, but I don’t think realistically the wars would stop because there was no religion. We have far too many issues in the world to think that having with no religion and living as one country would solve all of our problems....
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