...Amy Landers HIST 313: History of China II: Ch’ing Critique on The Boxer Uprising, 1900 (pg. 387-406) In the introduction the chapter starts out with The Coup d’état of 1898, which put power back into the hands of the Manchus and with this the Empress Dowager wasn’t going to make any more exceptions to foreign powers. In February 1899 she took a hardline against the foreigners starting with the Italians who demanded the cession of the Sanmen Bay in Chekiang. The Empress ordered the governor of Chekiang to fight enemy landings without hesitation; her hard line view of refusing to deal with foreigners was made clear when the Italians backed down in October. On November 21, 1899 Dowager instructed the provincial authorities to entertain no more fantasies of peace and so began a fervent antiforeign movement, which would turn very bloody. The Chinese people had dealt with half a century of foreign humiliation due to forced opening of trade after the loss in the opium wars, which resulted in unequal treaties and the Treaties of Tientsin in 1858 and with loss in the Sino-Japanese war. One of the factors for the uprising the text talks about is the Antipathy Toward Christianity. The Chinese people were ingrained with the teachings of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Christianity was greatly resented due to the fact that The Treaties of Tientsin in 1858 “allowed free propagation in the interior and with the Conventions of Peking in 1860, which granted the missionaries the...
Words: 1164 - Pages: 5
...The Boxer Uprising (1898-1901), also known as ‘Yi Ho Tuan’ Movement, was a major peasant uprising marked by anti-Manchu and anti-foreign sentiments. In the period after the Opium Wars, the nature of Sino-Western relations had changed, leading to a scramble for concessions. This had exposed the inefficacy of the Manchus. Simultaneously, it had intensified the socio-economic crisis already prevalent in the 19th century. This essay attempts to analyze the causes, nature and impact of the Boxer Movement. Causes 1. A study of the traditional Chinese society and economy is imperative to trace the origins of the Uprising. The Chinese society was strictly compartmentalized by the principles of Confucianism. The society was highly stratified and had a rigid and inflexible hierarchical structure. A unique combination of power, wealth and knowledge defined the gentry or the elite class. The peasantry was the ‘exploited’ class, the taxpayers, who despite the theoretical emphasis on ‘career open to merit’ could rarely attain gentry status. The growing tax burden and exploitation caused discontent among them and though they remained placid, the simmering of discontent was always there. However, peasant uprisings, though a frequent occurrence, were spontaneous and scattered and so easy to suppress. The growing unrest culminated into agitation, and found expression in the Boxer Movement. 2. A series of natural calamities in the late 19th century intensified the discontent...
Words: 4759 - Pages: 20
...3) So, though their goals may differ, the historian and the filmmaker must both make this important choice. This is easily observable within the mythologization of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 and how a history colored by these interpretations reflects itself in Nicholas Ray’s 1963 film 55 Days at Peking. Though its inclusions, omissions, and areas of focus, the film contributes to history in and of itself by allowing us to analyze the viewpoint it encompasses. Because the film is presented from the perspective of the Great Powers, we first observe the point of view and portrayal of the Boxers to create a complete picture of events. Their experiences are almost completely ignored, for the only interactions the characters have with the Boxers apart from trying to repel their assault is at the beginning when a Boxer is torturing an Englishman for reasons never articulated. (Ray 2-3:00) The Boxer shamelessly attempts to extort Charlton Heston’s character and resorts to violence when this attempt is unsuccessful. The implications of such needless greed and cruelty are clear, (that the Boxers delight in violence against foreigners for its own sake) but their motivations are alluded to elsewhere in the film. When the British foreign minister attempts to negotiate with the Empress Dowager, she remarks that the Boxer response is an understandable one to the foreign occupation of...
Words: 1377 - Pages: 6
...them. They were also responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of Chinese Christians. The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising of the Righteous Harmony Society against the West in northern China between 1898 and 1901. The Boxers began as an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist peasant based movement. It is also said to be a religious revolution against national corruption in the form of foreign missionaries, soldiers, and diplomats, as well as native Christians. Reforms were implemented after the crisis in 1900, which laid the foundation for the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Chinese Republic. In this article, we see that the author demonstrates that this event can be split into that of true history and myth. History in three keys is a work written about the point of view of its author, but not always portrayed in a factual sense. Cohen’s view in the article follows the categories of event, experience, and myth. Historical retelling is in constant tension with two other more influential ways of knowing the past - experience and myth. History retells itself through the accounts of historians with those of participants and witnesses; and sets these perspectives against the range of popular myths that were fashioned about the Boxers. One part tells the Boxer rebellion as recreated by historians. The next explores the feelings and behavior of the direct participants in the Boxer experience who understood what was actually happening to them at the time unlike historians....
Words: 337 - Pages: 2
...When investigating the Boxer rebellion it was revealed that, for the Chinese, the old political adage that ‘despite the best-laid plans, not all desires are realised’ is proven true. In the 19th century, many Chinese peasants were starving and anguished due to recurring drought, and famine. This turned out to be the main motive for the uprising of the Boxer Rebellion. Multiple forms of local corruption also meant that the peasants were paying far more tax than they could manage. Different forms of natural disasters within China were gradually becoming more common. This started to affect the Chinese economy and the lives of numerous peasants, farmers and fishermen (Brodie, 2008).Several peasants believed that the actions of humans and the Heavens were connected, and...
Words: 495 - Pages: 2
...The Boxer rebellion is one of the most famous wars in Chinese history. It took place in the 1900s, when China had lost several wars against foreign countries and Japan, they threatened the Qing dynasty to sign several unfair treaties, such as extraterritorial rights and immunities from the Qing dynasty’s law. China was just like nonexistent country because foreign countries were each ruling different parts of China. At the fall of the Qing dynasty, a long drought followed by several floods and aggression by foreign countries [History.com Staff. 2009]. People were suffering from hunger, unfair rights and poverty. As a result, there was hatred and xenophobic reactions among the Chinese. Qing Empress Dowager Cixi declared a war on 8 nations. [History.com...
Words: 1831 - Pages: 8
...Environmental Issues That Challenge an Uprising As many historical events the Boxer Rebellion has been studied, and numerous historians have determined varied events that can be successfully chosen as the cause of the peasant uprising in China in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some historians believe the Boxer Rebellion was caused by environmental factors, while other lean towards causes that do not reflect those factors. After substantial research and thought, the historical controversy can be answered by evidence that the rebellion was generated from the result of the drought in the Northern plains of Chinese territory. To determine this conclusion two qualified authors of this topic had been chosen to research, which include...
Words: 801 - Pages: 4
...Boxer Rebellion: Seeds of Revolution For many years, the Christian people have tried to spread their religion to different people as well as different parts of the world. In the late 1890s, a group of missionaries went to China in hope to gain more Christian followers. Man Chinese people had not welcomed those foreigners, but shunned what they had brought with them. Foreign influences were not accepted by the majority as, in the past, foreigners had only brought destruction and chaos. Missionaries gradually gained their Chinese followers, but, nevertheless, there was danger stirring amidst them. The I Ho Ch'uan (The Righteous and Harmonious Fists) also known as “Boxers” had started their rebellion against their foreign enemies. Many of these people were in poverty, but felt they could make a change in their country, thus studying a new form of fighting. These Boxers were fighting against foreigners and Christian Chinese to remove the foreign influence. In June 1900, missionaries and Chinese Rebels were throwing their lives on the line for what they believed...
Words: 1854 - Pages: 8
...2014 Vol. 32, No. 1, 16–21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.809470 Do weight categories prevent athletes from relative age effect? NICOLAS DELORME University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire Cultures, Education, Sociétés, Bordeaux, France Downloaded by [Universiteit Leiden / LUMC] at 04:05 31 May 2016 (Accepted 24 May 2013) Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether weight categories prevent young athletes from being exposed to a relative age effect. The dates of birth of all French female (n = 727) and male (n = 5440) amateur boxers who participated in the 2010–2011 season were collected from the federation database. The dates of birth of all French male professional boxers (n = 354) were also collected. The results show an absence of a relative age effect among French female and male amateur boxers. The results also show an absence of this phenomenon among French male professional boxers. The male 18–18+ age category reveal an inverse relative...
Words: 2380 - Pages: 10
...“A Relatable Life From ‘The Boxer’.” Tara Butler English 125 Instructor: Miranda Saake August 4, 2014 “The Boxer” written by Paul Simon (1968) is a wonderful narrative poem about a man far from home. It describes his loneliness and how homesick he is. It reminds us all to think about what we really do in life and how far we travel away from the things that really matter. As someone grows older and gains more life experience, they realize how much they may have given up and how much they would like to go back to that life. In this poem, you read about a young boy who becomes a man. Through his life of hardships, he realizes he wants to go home. He is done “fighting” so to speak. In that moment, the reader then gets to see his transformation into a man ready to cut his losses and go home. One of the most engaging parts of this narrative is the imagery used. Simon writes, “When I left my home and my family I was no more than a boy, In the company of strangers, In the quiet of the railway station, running scared…” (Simon, 1968). The amount of detail you can visualize from lines like these really make the entire poem fit together. The reason this poem is great is also the amount of ways someone can relate to it. Everyone can remember being young and frustrated with their life; wanting to just get away from everything they know. Then when the time comes and they figure out how good things probably were, they want to go back to it. It shows the influence we all have over ourselves...
Words: 826 - Pages: 4
...modern Chinese era. One may ask, “How did China come to be, from many foreign influences on to the Boxer Rebellion.” According to Chinese Confucian tradition, every ruler’s right to the throne has come from the “Mandate of Heaven,” an honor bestowed by the divinities. The belief of judging another culture solely by the values and ethics of one's own culture placed the emperor as a revolving figure to the Chinese. These ideals also characterized neighboring lands as being inhabited by foreigners or “barbarians,” people who were less civilized and egocentric of themselves. Additionally, afore western influences in Asia, the Chinese had conquered the region through their “tributary system,” a system which kept smaller neighboring “tributary states” (Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and many others) as vassals to the emperors of China, pledged and sworn to it. As a result, trade rights with and protection from the Chinese were offered in return. Nevertheless, tributary...
Words: 1008 - Pages: 5
...How significant was national resentment of foreign interference in bringing about the collapse of the Qing dynasty 1911-1912? I believe that national resentment was extremely significant in bringing about the collapse of the Qing dynasty. Despite this however I believe that it was not the only factor in the fall of the dynasty. I believe that other reason such as the failure to reform, and the unequal treaties were also vital reasons for the failure of the Qing dynasty. I believe that the fall of the Qing dynasty started with ‘the unequal treaties.’ It's hard to get by when the country you need goods from does not really need to trade goods with you. This is what happened with Great Britain and the Qing Dynasty. There was a high demand for China's tea in Great Britain but a low demand for Britain's goods in China. Great Britain was in debt with China and they had to do something to get out. As a result, they turned to selling silver to make the imbalance better. China couldn’t care less about Great Britain's silver so Great Britain was still behinds in payments. When selling silver did not work they began selling opium. China's people became quickly addicted to the drug and traded silver, originally from Great Britain to get opium. Opium was illegal and China wanted the trade of opium to stop. China tried to make new restrictions against foreign merchants and ships and Great Britain did not like this idea and fought back resulting in the Opium War. Of course Britain came out...
Words: 705 - Pages: 3
...Carly Fiorina Presentation Sources 1. In this article, it mentions Fiorina’s recent visit to a Stockton peanut plant where she spoke about creating more job opportunities in the San Joaquin Valley. She also mentions how she will fight to turn on export pumps that shoot water of the Delta. Fiorina blasts her opponent, Boxer, for not being accountable when she said, “the state bleeds jobs.” She also highlights on how President Obama’s federal stimulus plan is ineffective. Many ways to cut back on job loss would be to eliminate taxes for small businesses so they have the chance to grow and eventually provide more jobs. Keith Reid. "Fiorina talks jobs in Stockton. " McClatchy - Tribune Business News 23 October 2010 ABI/INFORM Dateline, ProQuest. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. 2. This is Fiorina’s campaign website and it speaks a lot about the issues she focuses on and the strategies of what she should like to accomplish if elected. This site goes very in depth about all of the issues she is concerned with and also exactly what you can do to donate and help her with her campaign. Carly for California. 10 Mar. 2010. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. 3. In this article, Fiornia speaks about how America was based off of small businesses and if we are trying to create more jobs in our economy right now, we need to help boost the small businesses. She also talked about proposed tax incentives for small businesses and how she doesn’t appreciate the earmarks that “benefit(s) the insiders.” "FIORINA...
Words: 441 - Pages: 2
...MODERN HISTORY UNIT 1 MULTI-MODAL PRESENTATION – THE BOXER REBELLION INTRODUCTION The Boxer Uprising and Rebellion in 1901 further weakened an already destabilised Qing Government and was a key component in governmental change. After the first Opium war with Great Britain from 1839- 1842, China was coming under an increase in pressure from various foreign powers. Following the war, foreigners were given the rights to control trade, collect customs money and run the courts in dozens of Chinese cities, called ‘Treaty Ports’. China had suffered the violation of the powers, although once it was suddenly made clear that the country was defenceless against modern military organisation and weapons, this encroachment was flung into a scramble for concessions. This scramble intensified the already present Chinese hatred of the foreigner. Hong Kong was given to the British in 1842, Indochina was taken by the French in 1884, and Taiwan was taken by Japan in 1894 following their war success over China. Germany and Russia also started to gain influence throughout China (Salem Press, 1992). The Qing government, also known as the Ch’ing government, was heavily manipulated by the West. This led to the distrust and lack of support by the Chinese public – severely weakening the government. The Boxer Uprising and Rebellion during 1901 was a pivotal point in the eventual destruction and downfall of the Qing by Sun Yat-Sen and the formal abdication of the last emperor Puyi in 1912 (Szczepanski...
Words: 1816 - Pages: 8
...Qing dynasty in 1911-12 and the role played by nationalism and foreign interference in bringing about its collapse. Answers may refer to the failure of the Boxer Rising in 1900 and the subsequent development of a new nationalist movement devoted to the overthrow of the dynasty. In 1905 Sun Yat-sen formed the Revolutionary Alliance based in Tokyo which was strongly supported by students who had trained overseas. The Alliance carried out small and unsuccessful actions against the government over the next few years. In 1911 there was a backlash against the raising of foreign loans to pay for the nationalisation of trunk lines which led to the Wuchan uprising and the start of the revolution. Sun Yat-sen was elected President of the Chinese Republic but resigned in favour of Yuan Shikai in 1912. * failure of the Boxer Rising in 1900 yes The unequal treaties and the dependence in the wake of the boxer revolution are both factors responsible for the fall of the dynasty due to foreign interference. The war with Japan was followed by a series of treaties with the European powers and the USA. They obtained concessions from the Chinese government and China was often forced to pay indemnities to the western powers in exchange for loans. The efforts of reform that had been put in place in the wake of the boxer rebellion begin to stall out in 1908 when Guangxu and Cixi die within hours of each other. The result of this is that a little boy called Puyi came to the...
Words: 518 - Pages: 3
