BRAIN CHAIR

MAYANK SRIVASTAVA(1020018) BIVEK RATH(1020038) KUMAR HARSH(1020014) KUNAL MEHROTRA(1020015) SOUMYAJIT ROY(1020034) SWAPNIL AGARWAL(1020035)

Engineering Project Report

Supervisor: A.Samui

School of Electronics Engineering Prof. A. samui

Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology

BHUBANESWAR-751024 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that I carried out the work reported in this report in the School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, under the supervision of Prof. A. Samui . All sources of knowledge used have been duly acknowledged.

MAYANK SRIVASTAVA 10186815626 1020018 APPROVAL

This is to certify that the project titled “Brain Chair” carried out by Mayank Srivastava, Bivek Rath, Kumar Harsh, Kunal Mehrotra, Soumyajit Roy, Swapnil Agarwal has been read and approved for meeting part of the requirements and regulations governing the award of the Bachelor of Technology (Electronics & telecommunication) degree of KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.

PROF. A. SAMUI
(PROJECT SUPERVISOR)

PROF. A. K. RAY
(DEAN , SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)

PROF. A.S. RAJI
(EXTERNAL EXAMINER) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our supervisor Mr. A. Samui for his invaluable guidance. It would have never been possible for us to take this project to completion without his innovative ideas and his relentless support and encouragement. It has been a very enlightening experience to work under him.

We are also grateful to Prof. A. K. Ray, Dean of School of Electronics Engineering, for his constant inspiration and encouragement during our work. We would also like to thank all faculty members of Department of Electronics Engineering for their invaluable knowledge they imparted to us and for teaching the principles in an exciting and enjoyable way.

Our special thanks to my friends for their constant suggestions in my work and moral boost. I thank all staff members of School of Electronics Engineering of KIIT University who helped in many ways directly or indirectly during the period of our work.
We express our deep sense of reverence and gratitude to our parents, for their love, concern and blessings which are always with us.

MAYANK SRIVASTAVA BIVEK RATH KUMAR HARSH KUNAL MEHROTRA SOUMYAJIT ROY SWAPNIL AGARWAL

Abstract

Brain Chair mainly works on the principle of EEG (Electroencephalography). EEG basically records the electrical activity of the brain. When we think something our mind generates voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain. This fluctuations in voltage can be used to drive various machines.

Table of Contents

Title Page i

Declaration ii

Approval iii Acknowledgements iv Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

List of Figures vii

List of Tables viii

List of Abbreviations and Symbols ix

Chapter 1

Introduction

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 20–40 minutes, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG can be measured with the devices like Neurosky Brainwave, Emotiv Epoc, etc.

Different brain states are the result of different patterns of neural interaction. These patterns lead to waves characterized by different amplitudes and frequencies. The wave generated (Alpha, Beta, Gama, etc.) are recorded by mindwave devices. They can be connected to windows, MAC etc. through Bluetooth. The generated waves can be used as parameters and will be analyzed in Matlab or java with help of various volunteers. After analyzing these graphs, generalized threshold values will be set.The values obtained will determine which parameter occurred and accordingly will be passed.
New parameters can be created through EPOG headset and can be used by our patients with the help of EEGLAB toolbox in MATLAB. With the use of such devices our brain can control things , we could make things done without touching them. EEG can be used for paralyzed or disabled persons to get things done which they have to rely on other to do it for them.

Chapter 2

The Literature Review

A timeline of the history of EEG is given by Swartz. Richard Carton (1842–1926), a physician practicing in Liverpool, presented his findings about electrical phenomena of the exposed cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys in the British Medical Journal in 1875. In 1890, Polish physiologist Adolf Beck published an investigation of spontaneous electrical activity of the brain of rabbits and dogs that included rhythmic oscillations altered by light.
In 1912, Russian physiologist, Vladimir Vladimirovich Pravdich-Neminsky published the first animal EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian (dog). In 1914, Napoleon Cybulski and Jelenska-Macieszyna photographed EEG-recordings of experimentally induced seizures.
German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger (1873–1941) recorded the first human EEG in 1924.[6] Expanding on work previously conducted on animals by Richard Caton and others, Berger also invented the electroencephalogram (giving the device its name), an invention described "as one of the most surprising, remarkable, and momentous developments in the history of clinical neurology". His discoveries were first confirmed by British scientists Edgar Douglas Adrianand B. H. C. Matthews in 1934 and developed by them.
In 1934, Fisher and Lowenback first demonstrated epileptiform spikes. In 1935 Gibbs, Davis and Lennox described interictal spike waves and the 3 cycles/s pattern of clinical absence seizures, which began the field of clinical electroencephalography. Subsequently, in 1936 Gibbs and Jasper reported the interictal spike as the focal signature of epilepsy. The same year, the first EEG laboratory opened at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Franklin Offner (1911–1999), professor of biophysics at Northwestern University developed a prototype of the EEG that incorporated a piezoelectric inkwriter called a Crystograph (the whole device was typically known as the Offner Dynograph).
In 1947, The American EEG Society was founded and the first International EEG congress was held. In 1953 Aserinsky and Kleitman describe REM sleep.
In the 1950s, William Grey Walter developed an adjunct to EEG called EEG topography, which allowed for the mapping of electrical activity across the surface of the brain. This enjoyed a brief period of popularity in the 1980s and seemed especially promising for psychiatry. It was never accepted by neurologists and remains primarily a research tool.

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