...may not have even been present at the time someone was killed. Many juveniles are sentenced to life at a young age for committing crimes that don’t deserve life sentences. They are still young and they make mistakes. With that being said they should be able to have time to grow and rehabilitate to become better. Since they are young their brain isn’t quite fully developed as adults. They deserve a second chance. Most juveniles are peer pressured and are influenced by things that they see and they don’t really know how to get out of the...
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...Identify The Three Domains Of Development Identify the three domains of development, as described in Chapter 1. The three domains of adult development are physical development, cognitive development, and social and emotional development. The interesting fact about the study of physical development is that it not only looks at obvious physical changes but at the unseen changes such as changes in the brain (Witt, Mossler, 2010, p. 3). Although both the study of physical development and cognitive development look at the brain, the study of physical development focuses on the actual physical changes of the brain. The study of cognitive development focuses on the mental changes of the brain. The last domain concentrates more on a person’s emotions and personality. As Witt and Mossler put it, “it is an overall description of your abilities, traits, and personality” (2010, p. 8). discussing the theories of adult development? It is important to consider each domain of development because they all affect each other and are in constant change which last a lifetime (Witt, Mossler, 2010, p. 3). As Witt and Mossler also state that “each category shows distinctly different types of development and different schedules of development; they are, however, not separate” (2010, p. 3). Why is it important to consider each domain in the study of adult development? Because this is a very helpful way for everyone to know where they are in life. An I think that it would be interesting...
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...Children in the United States who commit serious crimes are no longer being tried as juveniles but are being tried as adults and are getting life in prison. Kids as young as the age of 13 are being given life in prison with no opportunity at a second chance. The court systems are failing to recognize that these juveniles have their whole lives ahead of them.. Juveniles in the United States deserve second chances; they are not old enough or fully developed to know any better. Juveniles in the United States who are sentenced to life in prison still deserve a second chance at life, even if they commit a serious crime. Children in the United States, especially younger kids, are easily influenced by media and what type of home environment they live in because of their age. Kids tend to copy what they see, that means if they see something they should not be doing around them or on media, there is a chance that they will replicate it. The way children learn and behave is drastically different from the way adults do, which is why they should not be tried as adults and get sentenced to life. Children have the potential to change more than adults do. While kids are young they view the world differently. As Garinger mentioned adolescents are “less...
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...the age of eighteen. With this topic having many concerns, like health, having the minimum alcohol consumption lowered to the age of eighteen would give a sense of adulthood that should, so to speak, follow up with turning eighteen years old on ones birthday. With that, the age limit to purchase and consume alcohol should be lowered to the age of 18 in the United States. In the United States, adulthood begins at the age of eighteen. Some would say that with age also comes with responsibilities. In the United States turning eighteen means becoming a legal adult with new and different rights, responsibilities, and privileges from those of minors. Such privileges as having voting rights, ability to get legally married, legally sign contracts and other legal documents, have the ability to buy and smoke tobacco products, join the military and much more things without the consult of a parent because one is considered to be an adult at that age (ProCon). A drinking age of twenty one is an embarrassment to a supposedly liberty-loving nation. If you are old enough to enlist and old enough to vote, you are old enough to swill cheap beer in the company of your peers (Reynolds). If you are also old enough to fight, you should be old enough to drink. In Alaska, a bill was recently introduced that would allow active members of the military to drink at the age of eighteen, with rationale that if they’re old enough to fight and die for their country, they’re old enough to have a beer (Ogilvie)...
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...analyses of differences between adolescents and adults have emphasized age differences in cognitive factors presumed to affect decision making. In contrast, this article examines research and theory on three psychosocial aspects of maturity of judgment: responsibility, temperance, and perspective. For several psychosocial dimensions of maturity that are likely to affect judgment, the existing evidence, while indirect and imperfect, indicates that the greatest differences are found in comparisons between early adolescents versus middle and late adolescents. Developmental research on maturity that focuses specifically on mid- and late adolescence, that simultaneously examines both cognitive and non-cognitive factors, and that investigates the relation between these factors and the ability to make good decisions is greatly needed. ADOLESCENCE AND THE AGONY OF DECISION MAKING Adolescence and The Agony of Decision Making A Review of the Literature The treatment of adolescence under the modern legal system often hinges on considerations of young people’s psychological maturity, and on beliefs about the impact of maturity on judgment and decision making. During most of the past century, adolescents have been viewed under the law as immature and less capable than adults of acting in their own best interest. This dual proposition – that adolescents are psychological less mature than adults, and that immaturity impairs young people’s judgment – is the focus of the present...
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...Learning English in Young Age: Children learn English as another Language Introduction There seems to be no optimum age for learning a language, according to linguistics experts. Singleton (1995) writes, “There is no point at which vocabulary acquisition can be predicted to cease.” Adults have several advantages over children when it comes to learning foreign language, especially English. Research by Harold B. Dunkel and Roger A. Pillet in 1957 assessed both adult beginning learners of French and elementary students learning French. In their studies Dunkel and Pillet found that the adult students performed better in written and oral tests, but worse on pronunciation. Adults tend to maintain both native and foreign languages at a high level while children who learn a second language can lose proficiency in the first language. But it is universally acknowledged that learning English, since early childhood would contribute positively to the child’s language acquisition. Researchers at University College London have discovered that people who are bilingual have more gray matter (neurons or brain cells) in the language region of their brains. The earlier a child learns English, the more advanced his or her brain becomes in language acquisition. This reinforces the idea that it is better to learn English in the early years. That is why I believe that learning English in young age is better than older one. The importance of language for young children The early years are recognized...
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...mature enough to drink is just speculation. At 18 you are allowed to buy tobacco and even tattoo yourself. So how could lawmakers come to the decision that we need to wait until 21 in order to consume a beer? The main argument against keeping the drinking age at 21 is the fact that it may cause problems in the development in the frontal lobes of the brain. There is only minimal supporting evidence that actually shows any problems in normal drinking habits. Many people feel that the drinking age that is set in place is biased and a form of prohibition to the people who are 18 to 20. We need to stand up to lawmakers in the government and ensure that the laws that are emplaced to protect and allow for “adults” to make their own decisions. The fact that the brain may not be fully developed until the age of 21, the drinking age should be lowered because you are considered an adult at 18 and can die for your country and the primary reason states are refusing to change the law is for fear of losing federal funding for roads from the government. There is controversy surrounding the primary argument against lower the drinking age which is the assertion that the brain is still developing before 21. There are many forms of research that have been done throughout the years since Congress passed the National Minimum Purchase Age Act in 1984. This law was passed to encourage each state to change their legal drinking age to twenty-one years of age. The government thought that if this...
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...to fully understand human development, this essay will discuss the importance of the lifespan perspective. Many researches believe that the lifespan orientation consists of several classic beliefs that form a family of perspectives that gives a cohesive view on the nature of development. While each of these seven perspectives are essential to lifespan development and emphasize a different aspect of development, this essay will focus on the two aspects of plasticity and contextualism as a paradigm. It will also illustrate how they give evidence supporting development as a life long process. Lifespan development can be defined as “the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behaviour that occur throughout the entire life span” (Sigelman & Rider, 2011). Lifespan development takes a scientific approach in its study of growth, change and stability as researchers use scientific methods to test their assumptions (Sigelman & Rider, 2011s). Previously child development was the focus of many theorists but within the last two decades lifespan development has begun to be studied empirically. Another justification for lifespan development is that it originates in other disciplines as well such as sociology and anthropology and this suggests that this field of lifespan development did not originate solely from developmental psychologists (Baltes, 1987). There are three relevant areas in lifespan development: physical development which looks at the ways in...
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...Sleep and brain development: With the relevantly recent discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the once subjective state of sleep is no longer expressed as a homogeneous occurrence of passive rest for the brain. Instead, REM sleep has, "appeared as an active condition of intense cerebral activity." (1). And to be even more interesting, the fact that as humans we get more sleep at younger ages, 25 and younger, when intense neurological development is taking place means that, "sleep may play a role in brain maturation." (1). A recent study has research sleep in young children as well as young adults. It has found that, "Sleep and sleep cycles begin at around 26 to 28 weeks' gestational age."(2) This means that patterns of REM and NREM have been found in infants, suggesting that there is some type of development taking place while in a sleeping state. The study goes on to show that, "Sleep and sleep cycles are essential for the development of the neurosensory and motor systems in the fetus and neonate. They are essential for the creation of memory and long-term memory circuits, and they are essential for the maintenance of brain plasticity over the lifetime of the individual." (2) Suggesting that sleep is essential for positive brain development for the rest of the life of that infant or young adults. It was also noted that any interference with sleep or sleep cycles can significantly hinder the early processes of sensory development. (2). It is clear that sleep is very...
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...Journey of the brain-Birth to late adulthood Child development is crucial throughout the early years, during this time the development of the brain occurs and continues through late adulthood. The development of the brain contributes to the functioning of the body. The anatomy of the brain is made up of neurons and divided into four different lobes. The temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes control a variety of cognitive functions (Santrock, 2013). The brain controls simple functions such as fine and gross motor skills, vision, and memory. For instance the frontal lobes are involved in the voluntary movement, thinking, personality, and intentionality or purpose. The occipital lobes are responsible for vision. The temporal lobes are responsible for hearing, language processing and memory. The parietal lobes plays role in registering spatial location, attention and motor control. (Santrock, 2013). Brain development in children is vital during the early years. During the early years, children brains are active enabling children to learn a variety of information. However, as individual ages there are changes in the brain which influence cognitive functioning learned throughout the years of development. At birth the newborn’s brain is about 25 percent of its adult weight; by the 24 months the brain is about 75 percent of its adult weight (Santrock, 2013). The brain is very delicate and needs a lot of protection for its safety...
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...relationship between REM sleep and memory. I will describe previous research and then investigate how REM and memory are associated in young people and in older people. In some ways, the sleep patterns of these two groups are very similar, but in some ways they are not. 1a. The complete sleep cycle of an individual is composed of two stages: NREM and REM stage. NREM includes the stage 1 to stage 2 of sleep and the REM stage started from stage 3 to 4. The NREM comprises approximately 75% to 80% of the entire sleeping time of the person; the second stage, REM has the longer span which...
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...Disposable Children Vivian Vazquez University of Phoenix COM/215: Essentials of College Writing April 29, 2010 April 29 John Humphreys, MBA Disposable Children The legislation in California and 39 other states currently allows adult sentencing for children as young as 10, opening the door for some youth offenders to face life in prison without the possibility of parole. The concern of a 10 to 17-year-old juvenile, treated as an adult in court, has provoked considerable debates. Research suggests that the human brain does not reach the final stages of development until age 23, strongly suggesting that a minor does not have the capacity to manage emotions or impulse control in stressful situations. Amending legislation to give juvenile offenders the opportunity to rehabilitate, would not only address public safety, but would also give juvenile offenders the chance to become positive and productive citizens. Life without the Possibility of Parole Imagine sentencing a 10-year-old fifth grader to spend the rest of his or her life in prison. The only civilized country in the world, which does this, is the United States. Legislators have created a blanket of harsh sentencing in response to the public’s outcry to offenses committed by juveniles, such as in the Columbine tragedy. Although, no one can condone the devastating loss at Columbine, all juveniles should not be thrown under the same blanket, but reviewed and treated individually. Currently 11 states...
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...Slide 1 Hi everyone! My presentation will be about brain development and plasticity. Slide 2 “The human brain is estimated to have about a hundred billion nerve cells, two million miles of axons, and a million billion synapses, making it the most complex structure, natural or artificial, on earth.” Tim Green, Stephen F. Heinemann and Jim F. Gusella (from a paper in Neuron, 1998) Slide 3 Brain development. Slide 4 What we know about human brain? The human brain is the most complex of all biological systems. It is made of a hundred billion information processing cells called neurons. The neurons communicated with each other by making connections. This connections called synapses. It is estimated there are 60 trillion connections in the adult brain. It has about 200 000 neurons. Slide 5 Brain has right and a left hemispheres. They connected by a fiber bundle that leads to the two sides of the brain that connect to each other. Average human brain weighs about 2-3 pounds. If we will look inside of adult brain we will see two kinds of tissue: grey matter and white matter. It contains of the cell bodies of the neurons. We can see grey matter along the entire surface of brain. Thats the neocortex. Cortex the brain's outer layer, which is essentially our gray matter. The white matter consist other fiber that connect neurons into information processing networks. Each neuron extends a connecting fiber called axon. Axons covered with a fatty substance called mylan that...
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...xxxxxx 05/20/2010 COM/220 Karen Moninger The life of a seven-year old girl tragically ends at the hands of a young boy. The court convicted Lionel Tate of first degree murder for beating the 48-pound girl, and sentenced him to life in prison. This punishment was a rather harsh judgment many in the community argue against today. Instead of incarcerating him for life, what other options are available? As teen violence continues to plague the nation, many people wonder if rehabilitation is an effective method for deterring future occurrences. Twelve-year old Lionel Tate took the life of a young girl named Tiffany Eunick. Lionel’s mother, a Florida Highway Patrol officer, was sleeping upstairs though she was responsible for babysitting Tiffany. The mother left the children watching television and playing together downstairs unattended. During horse play, Lionel begins to re-enact moves he saw watching wrestling. The 160-pound boy was responsible for cuts, bruises, fractured skull, lacerated liver, broken ribs and internal hemorrhaging on young Tiffany Eunick. Certainly the parents of the deceased child will want to see justice served for the loss of their loved one. Stories surface daily about a teen committing some sort of crime. A heart wrenching reality that many people will either themselves face, or know someone who has or will experience. The epidemic of teen violence is rapidly increasing; Statistics say youth under the age of 18 were arrested for nearly...
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...RUNNING HEAD: SOURCE MEMORY AND THE IMPLICATION OF THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Memory has a multitude of facets that comprise what a memory is and how a memory is characterized. Some memories are recollections, hazy moving pictures; some are unconscious working memories, while others are a bit more in depth. A source memory is a type of memory in which we remember who, what, where, when and how of a specific event. It is what gives our memories relative meaning to both time and the significance of the events that occurred in our life. A memory is generally meaningful regardless, but when we can recollect the sources of that memory, it fine tunes the events surrounding it as well as future recollections. The ability to source our memories comes full circle within our lifetime, developing in early adolescence throughout early and late adulthood, and eventually the ability becomes more tasking for our cortex within old age. Time is one of life’s few constants, a never ending stream of information in this space-time continuum. The ability of our mind to capture moments of this past in an almost capsule like photograph is astounding, being able to source these times shows how powerful memory is and the capture of moments in this never-ending continuum. Myriads of studies on source memory have been conducted and more recently within the past few decades. The studies herein focus on various source memory tasks throughout age groups, examining the differences...
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