...International Economics Assignment Question 1 Based on the article and other related readings of your choice, discuss the economic and social factors that have caused individual behavior to shift towards the consumption of unhealthy foods and unhealthy lifestyles. Compare ‘fat taxes’ and other alternatives that can be used address the problem. Which one would you recommend? Why? Answer Based on the article “Stick and carrots”, there are certain factors from economic and social aspects that have caused the individual behavior to shift towards the consumption of unhealthy foods and unhealthy lifestyles. From the economic perspective, the article “stick and carrots” has given the theory of rational consumption theory which states that as individuals incomes grow, the range and volume of commodities each of us will consume is growing meanwhile. Thus, the expenditures on general goods increases alongside the increasing of our incomes. That is one of the reasons that nowadays general individuals may have more chances to gain fat (as food is one of the general consumption) by purchasing more food, especially cheap and tasty junk food. Moreover, the improving of technology within the food proceeding may also resulted in a fall in the price of food, as well as the availability of a wide variety of cheap foods. Other than just buying more food as the income effect itself, individuals also tend to substitute away from consuming relatively high-priced food items towards...
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...U.S.-Panama On June 28, 2007, the United States and Panama signed a trade promotion agreement (TPA). Panama approved the TPA on July 11, 2007. The United States has not yet approved the TPA. Panama is currently our 56th largest goods trading partner with $4.7 billion in total (two way) goods trade during 2009. Goods exports totaled $4.4 billion; Goods imports totaled $304 million. The U.S. goods trade surplus with Panama was $4.1 billion in 2009. Panama was the United States' 40th largest goods export market in 2009. U.S. goods exports to Panama in 2009 were $4.4 billion, down 10.8% ($529 million) from 2008, but up 241% from 1994 (the year prior to Uruguay Round). The top export categories in 2009 were: Mineral Fuel (oil) ($1.5 billion), Machinery ($436 million), Electrical Machinery ($371 million), Aircraft ($236 million) and Special Other (low value shipments) ($191 million). U.S. exports of agricultural products to Panama totaled $362 million in 2009. Leading categories include: coarse grains ($69 million), soybean meal ($52 million), and wheat ($30 million). Panama was the United States' 95th largest supplier of goods imports in 2009. U.S. goods imports from Panama totaled $304 million in 2009, a 19.8% decrease ($75 million) from 2008, and down 6% over the last 15 years. The five largest import categories in 2009 were: Special Other (Returns) ($91 million), Fish and Seafood ($74 million), Precious Stones (Gold) ($56 million), Sugars (Cane) ($17 million), and Edible Fruits...
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...| | Demographics Brazil is the largest country in South America that specializes in agriculture mining, and the manufacturing service, however, the Brazilian Aftermarket is one that is on the rise. Brazil is the 5th largest country in the world that is home to 205 million people, with the majority of the people living along the coast. The median age is 30.7 with 43.7% of the population being in the 25-54 year range. More than half of Brazil’s population, 53% is considered to be the middle class, however, poverty levels still remain high. The United States, on the other hand, is the third most populous country with 322 million people. Depending on the location, and class model used, the middle class can constitute anywhere from 25%-66% of American households. The median age is also a little higher than that of Brazil’s at 36.8 years (The World Factbook , 2015). The Market Brazil has a very large market with many positive advantages. The nation’s highly protected economy offers limited opportunities for significantly increased exports. The United States shipped $1.1 Billion in auto parts exports to Brazil in 2014. The International Trade Administration ranked Brazil as the 23 best market for original equipment parts and 27 for aftermarket products through 2020. For most firms seeking access to the Brazilian Market, it is through the supply chains of vehicle assemblers or large parts firms that are already producing in the market. Brazil is the fourth largest auto...
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...Market – Brazil x US . Juliano Goulart Cezar jgcezar@hotmail.com Summary: Title Page 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 2. WORLD ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 3.1. Overview of Global Market ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 3.2. Mundial Herd, a brief report ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Table 1: World - cattle, major countries (million head) ………………………………………………………… 4 Table 2: Global Beef Production (thousand ton) …………………………………………………………………. 4 3.3. Export world beef and veal consumption and leading exporters. ………………………………… 5 Table 3: World - Exports of beef and veal, main countries (Thousand tones carcass equivalent) …………………………………………………………………………………… 5 3. BRAZIL ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 3.1. Cultural Facts – Brazil and the tradition od eating beef …………………………………………………5 3.2. Emerging Global Role …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 3.3. Foreign and Trade Policy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 3.4. Brazilian Beef Market …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Table 4: Data on the Brazilian Beef Market …………………………………………………………………………. 6 3.5. Brazilian Beef System …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 3.6.1. Subsystem for Support ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7 3.6.2. Subsystem of marketing.……………………………………………………………………………………….. 7 3.6. Relations with the United States...
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...KUBOTA in Brazil Aaron Bair Josh Burns Hailey Duff Erin Franklin Kelsey Youngblut December 2, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Feasibility Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Economic Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Political and Legal Environment Analysis .................................................................................................. 7 Cultural and Ethical Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 8 Resource Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 9 SWOT Analysis .............................................................................................................................
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... From Brazil to United States INTRODUCTION TO THE COUNTRIES: BRAZIL AND UNITED STATES Brazil, one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world is the “country of the moment” as many called. Low cost manufacturing, develop infrastructure, government incentives, and increase of income levels has set Brazil as hot stop for investor and a secure place for international expansions. Not only a hot stop for investor, but also a homeland of many entrepreneurs going out of the national barriers and growing internationally in a remarkable way. With rising of wages, a stability of inflation, Brazilian population is getting richer. In the last couple years, that was increase of the wealth population and a significant improvement of the middle and low class purchase power, resulting in growing of the country and putting new challenges for local business thinking of going to other countries. Not surprising, Brazilians are spending more in many different market segments, one of them cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene. In 2010, with an impressive 12% growing of the cosmetic market, Brazil became the second largest consumer of cosmetics in the world just behind United States. According the ABIHPEC, Brazilian Association of cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene, the market of these products has grown substantially over the past 15 years. Exports grew 17.8% in 2010, reaching $ 693 million, versus $ 588 million in 2009. Imports of these products to Brazil...
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...reflects the personality of the organization and similar to an individual’s personality it enables people to predict the attitudes and behaviors of organizational members. Culture is one of the defining aspects of an organization and it set it apart from other similar types of organizations. The values and behaviors of an organization contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. It includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It affects the organization's productivity and performance, and provides guidelines on customercare and service, product quality and safety, attendance and punctuality, and concern for the environment. There are ten dimensions that exist when assessing an organization that provide a composite picture of the culture. When an organization is clearly defined it gives its employees and customers shared perceptions that they can relate to and identify with and grow to be a part of it. Many companies today are looking to incorporate project management into them and with that come a strongly defined organizational culture and structure. There are many companies that intrigue many customers and employees today. Two companies will be evaluated based on their organizational structure. The two companies that will be compared are Hilton Worldwide...
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...marketing advantage by divulging the source of the coffee beans? Why or why not? d. Will sourcing the beans from the supplier you choose affect Tim’s bottom-line or not? Brazil would be a good coffee bean producing country for Tim’s Coffee Shoppe to look into; being that it is the largest coffee producing country in the world. (Institute., 2001-2006) According to Institute in 2001-2006,“Coffee was introduced in Brazil by Francisco de Mello Palheta in 1727 from Cayenne, French Guiana. Today, Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer and is becoming a significant player in the specialty coffee industry.” Today, Brazil coffee beans are not only used for coffee blending; Now that they are not pre-blended for us we can roast them properly to amplify their diverse characteristics. (Institute., 2001-2006)Afterwards, if desired, we can blend the roasted coffees together to achieve a richer, bolder, and smoother espresso blend. (Institute., 2001-2006) Since the breakdown of the IBC and the quota system internal coffee consumption in Brazil has increased, Coffee exportation to the United States has also increased. (Institute., 2001-2006) In Brazil, the plantations cover huge areas and employ hundreds of workers to tend the plants. (Institute., 2001-2006)Brazil processes its coffee by the wet (washed), dry (natural), and semi-washed...
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...as whole Brazil boasts having a reputation of fabricating some of the world’s most creative advertising especially when it is entertaining which includes familiar venues like the United States but in addition evening soap operas known as telenovelas and sporting events are popular and coveted advertising space (O’Barr, 2008). Since the average Brazilian tends to watch an average of five hours of television per day, television comprises of 59% of the media mix and the Brazilians are overtly loyal to their evening news and telenovelas so to center their time around those events (Millwardbrown, n.d). Other media channels include the newspaper at 18%, magazines at 9%, radio at 4.5%, and internet at 1.5% but growing fast (Millwardbrown, n.d). Millwardbrown (n.d) further advises that Brazilians “don’t usually like comparative ads or ads that denigrate the competitor” and states that advertising investments is 50 times less than U.S or less than 1% of GDP and that the majority is spent with the dominant advertising force at Rede Global de Televisao (television) who owns the majority of the channels in Brazil. Costs for advertising are increasing and as of 2006, R$ 950 million was spent (Millwardbrown, n.d). Acir (2011) points out that it is important to realize that the internet industry is on the rise and changes to advertising in this media mix should be reviewed and not be a missed opportunity for market penetration. Sales promotions customarily used in Brazil include social...
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...Argentina………………………………3 General Motors Exports to Brazil…………………………………...4 Trade Agreement between South America………………………...5 General Motors and WW II…………………………………………...6 General Motors in South Africa………………………………………7 General Motors in China………………………………………………7 The Chevrolet Brand…………………………………………………..8 Conclusion………………………………………………………………9 Works Cited……………………………………………………………..10 Executive Summary General Motors (GM) is one of the big three auto makers in the world and they have built some of the most famous vehicles on the road which have met all different types of consumer’s needs. General Motors has taken an unexpected turn in the past several years for the worse due to the changing economy that is affecting the world. Many economists claim that the United States has been pressed into a recession that started with the housing crisis in 2008. From this crisis restricted a major banking crisis that has led to financial institutions implementing tighter lending guidelines for businesses. This has greatly affected General Motors since the company relies heavily on short term returns. Out of all the auto making companies during the crisis of falling sales and crashing returns, General Motors was hit the hardest and filed bankruptcy. The fact that General Motors has such a large portfolio is working directly against their success because of the fact that they are spread completely too thin; by being unable to focus on the core products that are vital to the company’s success...
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... D.C.: USDA Consolidated Farm Service Agency, 2001. Web. 3 Feb. 2016. Complainant Research Brazil & Canada v. United States Synopsis Starting in 2007 both Canada and Brazil started the process to officially bring a case against the United States with the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although Brazil and Canada brought different cases to the WTO, the complaints were ultimately the same. They felt the United States violated a WTO agreement to decrease spending on agricultural subsidies. In this synopsis Brazil and Canada’s case will be examined and supported. The basic principles of a free market are being ignored when the United States government gets overly involved with agricultural subsidies. The free market is built upon limited government involvement. This was the reason for the WTO agreement in the first place. Countries had to reduce the amount of trade distorting subsidies given to farmers. The United States has failed to decrease their subsidy spending below the levels agreed upon in the WTO agreement. The biggest argument made by both Brazil and Canada in this case comes down to the United States distorting the world market and trade. By the United States providing more subsidies and direct loans causes U.S. farmers to be able to offer products at a lower price than other farmers from around the world. This will ultimately drive the price of certain products down. Because everyone is out to maximize their own utility for as little as possible, buyers will...
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...Capstone in Management Prof: David J Young 6/30/13 The world’s top country for producing coffee beans is Brazil. I choose them because why not get coffee beans from the world best coffee bean country. The country has held this position for over 150 years of being the top producer of coffee beans. Coffee plantations cover almost 10,000 sq mi of land. They harvest these beans in the southern part of the country where it is ideal for growing the beans. Brazil started growing coffee beans at the start of the 18th century and became the top producer. Brazil provides 80% of the world’s coffee today. The economical advantages to working with a company from Brazil are that the entire product that is unprocessed is duty free to the United States with an agreement. This helps bring the cost down when purchasing the coffee beans. Since coffee is the second imported commodity behind oil in the United States it makes it more important to get the coffee beans from Brazil who produces the finest and riches coffee in the world. Also you will never need to worry about shortages since this country produces Brazil coffee vendors must follow the fair trade act in order to produce coffee beans to be sold in the United States. This means they grow the coffee beans organic or semi organic without using harmful chemicals. There will be a market advantage by dulvaging in the Brazil coffee beans because they grow the most coffee so you will never worry about the supplier running out. You might...
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...international trade and investment to help explain Brazil's international information technology sector? Comparative advantage is an easy way to explain Brazils growing international information technology sector. Brazil has developed a sophisticated telecommunications and network structure that has been rated higher than other countries like China and India, where international trade is traditionally outsourced. Even wages is cheaper in Brazil than united states along with lower employee turnover and total operating cost. As it is mentioned in the case that Brazil can produce more with cheaper labor. According to Heckscher and Ohlin theory of factors of endowment it is shown by Brazil through exporting information technology that is available in large amounts in brazil due to its size and economic power. The Linder theory of overlapping demand shows that since income level affects customers likes, each country’s income level should determine the goods that are determined. Trading information technology with Brazil is logical since its' per capita income is closer to the United States than that of China or India. The international product life cycle theory shows that many products first produced in the United States will eventually be produced by other countries such as BRIC nations and imported back to the United states. 2. What recommendations would you give to the Brazilian government and its outsourcing industry in order to improve their prospects for success in building...
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...YUM! BRANDS, PIZZA HUT, AND KFC Teaching Note Overview This case describes the evolution of the global fast-food industry and Yum! Brands, Inc.’s development of the Pizza Hut and KFC franchises worldwide. It focuses on international business risk assessment and develops a model of country evaluation that students can use to analyze international business and market entry decisions in a variety of industries, regions, and countries. Teaching Objectives 1. Develop skills in industry analysis 2. Develop skills in global industry analysis. 3. Develop knowledge of franchising and the costs and benefits of expanding globally using franchises versus company-owned stores. 4. Develop skills in international business risk analysis. 5. Develop skills in country portfolio evaluation and assessment. Suggestions for Using the Case This case has been used successfully in undergraduate, MBA, and Executive MBA classes in strategic management, marketing management, and international business. It can be used in undergraduate courses to develop student skills in industry structure analysis, strategy analysis, and international business risk assessment. The teaching note is designed to give students practice in each of these three areas. Instructors may choose to use the case to discuss only one of these three areas during a single class period or to cover all three areas over two class periods. The case can be also...
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...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Proposal for Greenfield Venture Expansion in Brazil ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Peace of Mind Consulting, LLC ------------------------------------------------- “Where safety is our #1 concern” ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Ulrich Bernard ------------------------------------------------- Financial Analyst ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Kevin Cotter ------------------------------------------------- Operational Analyst ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Jingming Li ------------------------------------------------- Foreign Relations Liaison ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Vincentius Njauw ------------------------------------------------- Economic Analyst ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- April 24, 2012 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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