...women earning more than men have been on the rise. This paper concisely tries to find how income gaps, where wives earn more than their husbands, affects marriage. The paper heavily relies on other studies carried out by other researchers. It derives its arguments from journal posts and other sources. The conducted research found out that the state of women earning more than men has the following negative impacts on a marriage: 1) Women become independent because they have less to gain in a marriage. 2) Couples live an unhappy life, full of tension, stress and other psychological problems. 3) Gender roles reverses and women work more than they do if married to a man with high income than them. 4) Wives end to distort secretly their income in order to reduce and avert the risk of divorce. This results to dishonesty in the marriage. The paper also concludes by noting the various flaws and weaknesses found in the sources used to draw arguments for the question under study. The paper ends by noting that monetary gains do not necessarily lead to a happy marriage; true love does. In the traditional family setting, men played a very important role in the family. They were the sole breadwinners while women stayed at home, attending to matrimonial duties and nurturing their children. This is what constituted gender roles, and it was the sole pride of all sexes. Men were proud of their family roles. They were the sole breadwinners and heads of their families. It gave them self-esteem...
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...Working Married Fathers Tracy L. Taylor Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on September 13, 2015, for Professor Robyn Milliken-Setser G425/SYO4180 Section 07 Work and Family. Outline Introduction I. How much families have been impacted by the recession. II. How the family dynamics have changed including sharing of household duties and childcare. III. What effect these changes have made to father-child relationships. A. Positive changes B. Negative changes IV. How Society views working fathers A Inside home B. Outside home V. How have marriages been affected by these changes. A. Man's identity affected by ability to provide for family. B. Many wives have taken over as the main breadwinner because due to the Great Recession. Conclusion In four out of ten American households with children under age 18, mothers are the sole or main breadwinner. The recession has played a significant role in the increase of pushing women into the role of breadwinner. Many men were laid off during the recession because the brunt of their jobs were held in the construction and manufacturing businesses. For husbands and fathers, a significant part of their identity is related to their ability to provide for their family. How has this changed since the Great Recession? How are families adjusting? Sociologist Christine Whelan, asks the following questions in an essay "A Feminist-Friendly Recession"...
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...Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 3 Impacts of HIV on households……………………………………………. 4 Impact of HIV on Firms and Business………………………….. 6 Impact of HIV at Macroeconomic Level………………………… 7 Conclusion……………………………………………………… 10 Reference ……………………………………………………… 11 ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of how the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate adversely affects the economic growth of Botswana. HIV/AIDS is a growing problem in Botswana as the country has the second highest HIV/AIDS infection rate in the world. There are different sectors in the economy which can be affected by HIV/AIDS namely; the household, the firm and the macro economy. This paper will look at the various components affecting these sectors and explain what impact they have on Botswana s economy. INTRODUCTION In light of recent studies, that establish a direct correlation between health and development, it brings about the question of how much the epidemic of HIV and AIDS- which has been haunting the nation for decades, has negatively affected the prospects of economic growth in Botswana. There have been various studies that have been conducted which evaluate the different ways in which HIV and AIDS has affected the economy of Botswana. This paper, shall highlight the theories of how HIV and AIDS affects the economy, namely at the household-level, firm-level and finally at the macroeconomic-level, and...
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...Introduction……………………………………………………………….. 3 Impacts of HIV on households……………………………………………. 4 Impact of HIV on Firms and Business………………………….. 6 Impact of HIV at Macroeconomic Level………………………… 7 Conclusion……………………………………………………… 10 Reference ……………………………………………………… 11 ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of how the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate adversely affects the economic growth of Botswana. HIV/AIDS is a growing problem in Botswana as the country has the second highest HIV/AIDS infection rate in the world. There are different sectors in the economy which can be affected by HIV/AIDS namely; the household, the firm and the macro economy. This paper will look at the various components affecting these sectors and explain what impact they have on Botswana s economy. INTRODUCTION In light of recent studies, that establish a direct correlation between health and development, it brings about the question of how much the epidemic of HIV and AIDS- which has been haunting the nation for decades, has negatively affected the prospects of economic growth in Botswana. There have been various studies that have been conducted which evaluate the different ways in which HIV and AIDS has affected the economy of Botswana. This paper, shall highlight the theories of how HIV and AIDS affects the economy, namely at the household-level, firm-level and finally at the macroeconomic-level, and...
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...the ones closest to them and after reviewing the effects of drugs on family members, it appears to be true. When a drug user is on drugs, nothing else in the world seems to matter; not even a loving, supporting family. Drugs can put pressure on the most ideal relationships. A strained familial relationship can occur when the drug user assumes the loved ones will always support him or her, but hides the truth from the family. Domestic violence, neglect, depression and guilt are issues that will be discussed in this paper. This paper will also discuss how families cope with drug overdose and drug treatments available to family members. Drug abuse is known to have many side effects on the user: erratic behavior damage to the nervous system and brain cells, premature death and so forth. Research shows that there can be emotional, financial psychological damage done to familial relationships as well. If the drug user has a family and is considered to be the breadwinner or has a significant amount of income, drug abuse could lead to lack of performance at work and eventually, loss of income. Money is one of biggest reasons why couples fight and if drugs are a factor in the household, the issue will most likely grow. The loss of income could create additional debt to the family, which could affect their crediting rating and their future buying power. A study in Psychology of Addictive Behaviors reported spouses that partake in illicit drug are more prone to domestic violence (Stuart...
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...me stay perceived as a “gendered” experience. The questions that this ... employ the use of constant comparative analysis to code and extract a theory and other ..... Host Family Experience: What Is the Impact? What Does it ... Reading Journal - College Essay - Ychen56 - Term Paper Warehouse www.termpaperwarehouse.com › Social Issues Dec 12, 2013 - the home stay: a gendered perspective * Summary: * The author ... Quantitative data express that information is consist of numbers. However ... [PDF] Reinventing the Homestay Experience in Europe - Forum on ... www.forumea.org/documents/ReinventingHomestayExperience.pdf REINVENTING THE HOME STAY. EXPERIENCE IN ..... Housing Questionnaire: What is your principal concern or .... The home stay: A Gendered Perspective. [PDF] Overseas Students Information and Policies Handbook - Bunbury ... www.bcgs.wa.edu.au/sites/.../Overseas%20Students%20Handbook_0.pdf Overseas Students Guardian and/or Homestay Provider Agreement .... this information is contained in the Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000, ..... perspective for students at the School, the School has been accepted as a full ..... and Guardian provide a summary of the expectations and responsibilities of a ... Volume XV (Fall 2007/Winter 2008) - Welcome to Frontiers www.frontiersjournal.com/frontiersjournal.comissuesvol15index.htm George Heitmann: The Cost of Study Abroad: An Economic Analysis. Kevin Kehl and Jason Morris: ... Heather Gutel: The Home...
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...Norway’s parental leave laws are evidence that this works. Norway grants parents essentially a year of paid time off to care for a new child, with the mandate that ten weeks of that is reserved for each parent (Ministry of Children). This mandate states that if the ten weeks reserved for the father is not taken by the father, then it is lost, and vice versa for the mother. This policy ensures that both parents take time off of work to care for their newborn. According to the OECD 2015 statistics, Norway has the second smallest gender wage gap, second to only Costa Rica (OECD). While there is more research to be done to find the causal link between paternity leave and the gender wage gap, Norway is clearly doing something better than the, US, who has a gap two and half times as...
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...To what extent have gender inequalities been reinforced, rather than reduced, by social policy in Germany and Sweden? Social policy in the modern western world is constantly developing in terms of equality, especially in the promotion of gender equality in society. Radical improvements such as the right for women to work, to vote and the equal opportunities available in terms of education; has radically improved the position of women, mothers and single parents in economic forerunners such as Germany and Sweden, with the gender gap being arguably non-existent if compared to previous generations. However, it is still apparent that there are startling differences between the two countries in terms of welfare benefits and social policy affecting men and women, with neither achieving the desired goal of an egalitarian society. Within his ground-breaking study on welfare state regime-types, Gøsta Esping-Andersen argues that gender imbalances within social policy is the outcome and production of the specific welfare-regime type the state possesses, suggesting that whether traditionalist or socialist in their views, welfare states dominate policies, consequently determining which social group benefits such as the bourgeoisie or proletariat, the majority or minority or men or women for example. (Esping-Andersen, 1990: 24) The first chancellor of Germany, Otto Von Bismarck created a social insurance system in 1873, of which became a pioneering model for the basis of the...
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...064274 van Wanrooy & Wilson 15/5/06 9:32 am Page 349 Copyright © 2006 BSA Publications Ltd® Volume 20(2): 349–368 [DOI: 10.1177/0950017006064274] SAGE Publications London,Thousand Oaks, New Delhi Convincing the toilers? Dilemmas of long working hours in Australia1 s Brigid van Wanrooy Australian National University s Shaun Wilson How Different Down Under? Work, employment and society Macquarie University ABSTRACT Australians work comparatively long hours and, in recent years, most of the growth in per capita working hours has come from workers already employed full time. Yet, despite the problems long working hours can cause, this trend has not attracted political attention. Increasingly, the Australian working time regime is a weak regulator of working hours and promotes only limited equality between the working hours of men and women. This article uses responses from the Australian Survey of Social Attitudes 2003 to investigate whether workers’ preferences are in accord with regime institutions. We find that people who work long hours are no less inclined than those who work standard hours or part time to see working hours as a choice and they do this despite more often reporting that their work interferes with family life and that employers expect long hours from them. We contend that seeing long working hours as a choice may be the product of the ‘liberal’ working time regime itself. Multivariate analysis of the responses...
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...Final Research Paper Tanya ANT 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Final Research Paper Different societies exist throughout the world and within these societies each society develops culture that works best for them. Within these cultures they pass all their acquired knowledge and traditions down from generation to generation. Nevertheless, each culture has their own way of life, own marriage beliefs, their own values and feelings on life and religious beliefs. Cultures tend to have their own way to run their government, and ways to keep their economy up to their standards. Most importantly in cultural anthropology it is imperative to value culture relativism. This is the view in which no culture is superior to other culture when comparing systems such as morality, law, and politics (Crapo, 2013). Each culture beliefs are equally valid depending on the environment. In this paper, I will delve into a piece of my culture from an outsider’s standpoint, an etic perspective, and furthermore, I will examine another culture from an emic perspective on their traditional practices. Not only will I examine gender roles and equality in the United States workforce from an etic perspective, but also polygyny in Sub-Saharan Africa from an emic perspective. Throughout American history the number of women in the United States workforce has been increasing even though American society has always claimed men to be the breadwinners and heads of the house. According to...
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...Non-Parental Childcare Paper Jonnathan Estrada Ashford University SOC 312 Child Family & Society Bridget Morales April 09, 2012 In the past half century, there has been a dramatic increase of mothers who have entered the workforce as women have taken on expanding roles in their occupations accompanying the men in our society (Marshall, 2004). In today’s society, it is very common that both parents take on the role of being a breadwinner, seeking a higher education and pursuing their career dreams. This has contributed to the 60 percent of children ages 0-6 and the 50 percent of children ages 6- 14 who receive part time or full time alternative childcare other than from their parents. (Berns, 2010). These statistics have raised questions to researchers as to whether or not children in a day care setting are at any advantages or disadvantages because they spend so much of their time outside of the home. In this paper I will explore the 3 different kinds of non-parental childcare and analyze the influences it may have on a child’s psychological, social and cognitive development. In many situations, a relative, friend, baby sitter or even a nanny may come into the home to take care of a child (Berns, 2010). This setting is commonly mixed between family members who are available such as grandparents who are no longer working and have the time to care for the children...
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...Industry/Policy Paper Work and Family Sociologists have been concerned with institutional friction between work and family systems in the industrialized West as far back as the 1960's, when Lewis and Rose Laub Coser first labeled both the family and workplace as “greedy institutions” that monopolized individuals’ time and energy. Although the problem has been framed in different ways at different times and places, the essential sociological insight that ties them all together has been that the personal difficulties individuals face in trying to fulfill both family and paid work responsibilities are socially patterned and somewhat predictable given the competing logics of industrial production and family reproduction. The FMLA has been praised for supporting employee work/life issues and engendering a family-friendly workplace. However, its successes have not come without problems. Since its inception in 1993, employers have found FMLA certification, administration, tracking, and compliance confusing and problematic. Employers have argued that the law's ambiguous language makes it hard to certify, track, and administer leave, particularly intermittent leave. When the FMLA became law in February 1993, most women and children's advocacy groups were elated. However, many business groups protested that the law, which allows employees at companies with 50 or more workers up to 12 weeks' unpaid leave to care for himself or herself, a newborn, a newly adopted child, or a seriously...
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...Sexism in the Political Arena: How Gender Alters Political Representation Sarah Moore University of Pittsburgh Abstract: This paper explores the topics of sexism in politics- more specifically, how the underrepresentation of women has resulted both from differences in the genders (internal/psychological variances), and also circumstances that exist in the current political climate. It is important to note that there are two different sources of this problem, if not more. Internal characteristics that lead to the underrepresentation of women include how they perceive their environment compared to men, the fact that women believe they are less qualified than men, and that they are less competitive in a political environment than their male counterparts. In the external sphere, this paper examines how the facts that women partake in more household activities than their male spouses do and that they are less likely to receive political nominations from any of their peers affects their likelihood of campaigning for office. Sexism in the Political Arena: How Gender Alters Political Representation Since the birth of the American political system in 1789, the question of representation has always been one of the most significant topics in political discourse. This According to Gail Baitinger, Jennifer Lawless, and Richard Fox, “when the 111th Congress convened in January 2009, 83% of its members were men. Men occupy the governor’s...
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...The morality of Competition Summary about competition often take the form of: Is competition good or bad? This is indeed the way the main contemporary researchers deal with the problem. Is competition good? They answer: No. Is it bad? Yes, in every way, bad psychologically, developmentally, physically, socially, educationally, and productively. But is this really the case? Surely competition is sometimes bad, but is it always bad, or always as bad as it sometimes is? Consider the following vignette: Jane and Tom lived in a small town. Married with five children, Tom was a carpenter and Jane a homemaker. When Tom lost his job and couldn't find another, Jane offered to go to work to make ends meet. Tom felt threatened. At that time, the carpenter's union was under a federal court mandate and offered an apprenticeship program to women. Jane decided to sign up. After some initial adjustment, and with the encouragement of a woman instructor who had pioneered the entrance of women into the trades, she learned quickly and in a couple of years became a master carpenter, a higher skill level than her husband's. Jane felt guilty about making her husband look bad. But she also knew that without her help her family would have nothing but temporary unemployment insurance to live on. She was also proud of her accomplishment. She became angry when she thought that her husband had for so long belittled her, and enjoyed now demonstrating to him that she could work as...
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...Chapter 5: Gender Stratification by sex is a feature found in most societies, with men generally being in a more dominant position in society than women. Men have traditionally been seen in a wide range of active and creative roles – as warriors, hunters, and workers, as political leaders or successful business executives, as scientists, engineers, inventors, and great artists. Women have traditionally been seen as housewives and mothers confined to the home and caring for their husbands and children. Even when working outside the home, women's jobs often seem to be an extension of their caring role in the home, looking after others as receptionists, secretaries, nurses, teachers, and social workers. Are these differences simply an extension of the biological make-up of males and females, or are they a product of the ways that males and females are brought up in society? (Nature vs. Nurture) SEX AND GENDER • Sex: (whether someone is male or female) refers to the natural or biological differences between men and women, such as difference in genitals, internal reproductive organs, and body hair. • Gender: (whether someone is masculine or feminine) refers to the cultural, socially constructed differences between the two sexes. It refers to the way a society encourages and teaches the two sexes to behave in different ways through socialization. • Gender role: is the pattern of behavior and activity which society expects from individuals of either...
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