...| | |Bartek, J.1,2 | | |Andresen, M.1 | | |Bellander, B. M.2 | | |Romner, B.1 | |Year published | 2012 | |Title of article | Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: Invasive versus Non-Invasive Methods-A Review. | |Title of Publication/Journal/ | Critical Care Research & Practice. | |Magazine | | |Volume/month of publication (if |, p1-14. 14p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph. | |available) |...
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...that comes to mind. As a matter of fact, there is not much information in regards to the health care system that can be easily available with the flip of a page or click of a mouse. A serious commitment to transparency would mean that healthcare officials would strive to provide the necessary information about the costs, types of care, among many other aspects incorporated within a facility. As far as I can see, there is not much transparency throughout the health care system of today. As far as in the past years, transparency was also minimal; there was little to no information given at all pertaining to health related factors as cost, description, among many other things. It seemed hard to even get a flat out price on a minimally invasive procedure. Furthermore, in the past years, patients had solely relied on a third party such as a health insurer to be responsible for the purchasing of services. Therefore, there was little fuss made in the past as far transparency goes. Patients had no other choice in the matter. However, as of today, it seems there is a larger demand for transparency. Many feel it is time for a change in this area. Most information delivered so that there could be a fair cost analysis and a meaningful decision made based on the necessary information. This would mean consumers would be presented with transparent, trustworthy, information that would be written in an understandable context. I would foresee this to be true for the future as well. As a...
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...Name: Ariagna Briceno Date: 01/23/2012 CIS110 Smartlipo Smartlipo Laser Body Sculpting is a revolutionary, minimally invasive treatment that does something, no fitness routine in the world can: permanently destroy fat cells. Since your body has only a finite amount of these cells, no new fat cells come back. You can finally have that body you have always wanted. How does Laser Body Sculpting work? This laser-assisted lipolysis procedure is performed using a one millimeter cannula (or tube) inserted into the skin. A laserfiber inside of the cannula delivers energy directly to fat cells, causing them to rupture and drain away as liquid. Simultaneously, tissue around the area coagulates, resulting in overall tighter skin tissue. What areas of the body can be treated? Laser Body Sculpting is ideal for the neck, jaw line, arms, breasts, bra fat, abdomen, inner and outer thighs and knees. Who is a good candidate? A perfect candidate is in good health and of normal body weight. How does Laser Body Sculpting compare to conventional liposuction? Convention liposuction is meant to remove greater amounts of fat. However, since this can leave behind unsightly pockets of skin. Is there a recovery period? Laser Body Sculpting is a minimally invasive procedure which usually requires only local anesthesia. Some light trauma can occur, but you will be able to return to work in a couple of days and resume exercise after 2 weeks. How...
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...Ecosystem Structure, Function and Change SCI256 April 27, 20113 Ecosystem Structure, Function and Change Lake Tahoe is located in Sierra Nevada and is a freshwater lake over 1600 feet deep and one of the largest lakes in America. The lake is at the heart of a comprehensive ecosystem and home to a range of native species and contains a rich aquatic life. For example, the lake is home to redside dace, suckers and chub. “The ecosystem of the Lake Tahoe Basin has been dramatically altered since European settlers began to settle around the lake in the middle of the last century. Human disturbances, including introduced species, fire suppression, past overgrazing and logging, urbanization, roads, intensive recreational use, and air pollution, have affected not only the clarity of the lake, but the forest's ability to maintain the function, diversity, and resiliency of its components” (Tahoecam.com). Deforestation at the end of the 19th century, along with other issues such as drought, thinning and excessive rainfall, Lake Tahoe now has overcrowded and aged trees, yet with a 25% to 30% tree mortality which makes the danger of fires very severe (Tahoecam.com) Generally when it comes to the quality of the water in the lake, human activities of the last 130 years have done the most damage yet have acted as the biggest impetus to restore the water quality (Tahoecam.com). Furthermore the rate of algal growth has quadrupled in Lake Tahoe since 1959: “This increase in growth is due...
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...Balancing Ecosystems Holly Regan SCI/275 August 10, 2014 Stacy Murphy Balancing Ecosystems Glimmerville City Council, It has been brought to my attention that the city of Glimmerville is now faced with the same invasive grass carp population issues as the city of Sparksville. The problem with the grass carp is once they have been introduced they kill off the native species of our local waters. The purpose for the introduction of the grass carp is to remove the overabundance of indigenous aquatic plant life in particular habitats that have taken over due to fertilizer deposits making it to our community waterways thus, making survival hard for other inhabitants. In order to receive the optimal amount of benefits that the grass carp species has to offer, it must be released into a secure environment with no possibility of escape into other waterways. This species has found its way into many reservoirs, lakes, streams, and rivers in our community intentionally and/or by accident; either way it involves some degree of human error. Because the grass carp is native to Asia, it has no natural predators in North America. Another major factor which adds to this problem is their life expectancy is quite a long time and weigh up to 100 pounds, maybe more. The large-mouth bass and a few other species of fish will eat them if they are small enough. Some of the challenges faced in restoring the ecosystem in Sparksville were (a) the farmers grew the food for the community...
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...Threats to the Everglades There are three major threats to the Everglades: water control, introduced species and development (Florida Museum of Natural History, n.d.). In short, the biggest threat to the Everglades was humanity itself, which in his historical greed and shortsightedness sought to completely re-write the entire ecosystem to suit himself. The longest ranging problem threatening the everglades was the draining that was started in the early 1900's. Government sanction was given and the Army Corps of Engineers began work on a series of canals to drain the wetlands. There were 5 done: Miami, North New River, Hillsboro, West Palm Beach, and St. Lucie, each draining approximately 900 acres of wetlands (Historical Society of Palm Beach County, 2009). A) Simulated satellite image of original Everglades. B) Satellite image (circa 1995) showing the historic Everglades boundary, water conservation areas (WCAs), the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA), and other landmarks (Harvey, Loftus, & Rehage, 2010, para. 1-2). As can be seen in the photos the majority of what was originally a specialized and ecologically diverse area has been repurposed: the wetlands drained the area industrialized. This has led to an enormous loss of habitat for marsh birds, reptiles and plants. Agricultural pollution has also decimated the habitat and according to Everglades Foundation (2006-2012), Extremely low levels of nutrients, such as phosphorus, are part of the reason...
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...(a)The species have been carried by marine trade on the hulls of ships and in bilge and ballast water and the movements tend to be between developed areas, reflecting trade patterns. Some areas are not involved; these tend to have less trade. There may be some specific knowledge of individual species from Figure 3 which should be credited, as should other species not shown on Figure 3 (rats). The major disruption is to food chains, as the alien species out-compete existing species reducing their numbers or even causing extinction. This can be directly through predation, or indirectly by occupying ecological niches. There is also the possibility that disease might be spread by new species, and in some cases damage to the physical make up of ecosystems (erosion). Biodiversity can be severely reduced, and in the worst cases ecosystems collapse. Level 2 5-7 Structure is satisfactory. Does explain the pattern with some clarity. Some understanding of impact on ecosystems and uses some geographical terminology, but incomplete; makes reference to map. Explanations are clear, but there are areas of less clarity. Lacks full range. There are some grammar, punctuation and spelling errors. (b) Indicative content The question requires both scales of threat to be covered, which could be accomplished using the same or different examples from within the named global ecosystem. In terms of global threats, the likely focus will be on climate change as an overarching threat to forests...
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...the populations of the islands’ native species. In many cases, the introduction of foreign species has wiped out the entire population of certain species, rendering them extinct. This is especially devastating because many of these species are endemic, meaning they are found only in one particular location and nowhere else in the world. The majority of species living in Hawaii are the result of thousands of years of island biodiversity. A few birds of one species migrate from some distant island due to some rare occurrence of nature and eventually evolve into several new species, each perfectly adapted to the environment in which it has come to live. Unfortunately, each of these endemic species is especially susceptible to the effects of invasive species, which means the impact on Hawaii’s animal life has been tremendous. When goats were first introduced to Hawaii by Captain Cook in the late 1700s, they immediately began eating all the local plant life. Most of these plants were unused to being preyed upon until the introduction of foreign species into their habitat, and so suffered massive population loss from grazing animals. The goat population, on the other hand, grew rapidly, as it had no natural predators to keep it in check. The introduction of European pigs to Hawaii had similar effects on the native species, although, due to a scarcity of protein in natural Hawaiian forests, the European pig population did not grow as rapidly as the goats until the 1900s with...
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...Ecosystem Structure, Function, and Change Paper (Great Lakes) Shantera Bell October 26, 2015 SCI/256 UOP The Great Lakes region is rich with life and full of native species well adapted to survival. However, since the early 1800s, many non-native plants, animals and microscopic organisms have been introduced into the Great Lakes, either accidentally or intentionally. Great Lakes native species are diverse and interesting and contribute to a healthy ecosystem. There are many unique and interesting birds, fish and plants found in Michigan and throughout the region that are integral to the health of the Great Lakes ecosystem. More than 140 species of birds depend on Michigan’s coastal habitat during their life cycle. Coastal wetlands, beaches, sand dunes and remote islands provide food and shelter for both resident and migratory species. Waterfowl such as Canvasback and Scaup are among the many species that use coastal wetlands as stopover sites to rest and refuel. Shorebirds including the endangered piping plover fly thousands of miles to nest on undisturbed beaches and remote Great Lakes islands. Because of their use of the coastal lands, there are thousands of great locations to see both resident and migratory bird species throughout Michigan and the Great Lakes region. State parks, national parks, wildlife refuges and sanctuaries throughout the state all provide good bird-watching opportunities. Some sites along Michigan’s Great Lakes shoreline are even...
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...a specific area. For example, a coral reef is an ecosystem is contains substrate, water, microorganisms, fish, plants, and air. Balance within an ecosystem is important because without it will not maintain its stability. Every part of an ecosystem has a job to do, and when a species of an ecosystem disappears the balance is off kilter. If an invasive species is introduced to an ecosystem it can endanger the species that is native to the ecosystem and potentially destroy the ecosystem. An invasive species may pray on the native ones, and remove it from the ecosystem, which in turn can create other species to invade; decease to come and lastly destroy the soil and create erosion. However, the native species helps maintain the stability of the ecosystem, like plants, which are producers, provide food for other living organisms. The Grass Carp has changed the ecosystem of our waters. This fish removes needed oxygen from the water creating an in balance for the native species in the lake; with that being said succession of the lakes ecosystem here in Sparksville has changed since the introduction of the Grass Carp. The carp is an invasive species, and what should have been predicable in...
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...Invasive Species Invasive species ballast battle gets bigger Duluth News-Tribune (Duluth, MN), August 23, 2011 Researchers might have found a way to battle invasive species in the water. On August 23, 2011, researchers tested a new system to battle invasive species in the water of Indiana Harbor in Gary, Indiana. They would pump chemicals into the water and then neutralize it with a second chemical. However, this chemical would kill more than just the invasive species. They would release the chemicals into the water and it would kill the invasive species in the water. The chemical used to kill the invasive species in the water was called sodium hydroxide. Then carbon dioxide was the chemical released into the water...
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...that they didn’t belong there? You knew it looked rare and unique, but it didn’t belong in the habitat. What you saw are known as invasive species. An invasive species is a living creature that has negative effects on our economy, environment, or health, but is brought here by human assistance or by self-migration. They can also be called “introduced species, aliens, exotic, nonindigenous, and nonnative” according to Daniel Simberloff (3). As a contrast, he defined a native species along the lines of “a species is native to a region if it evolved there or if it evolved elsewhere, but arrived in the region of its own, usually thousands if not millions of years ago and without human assistance”...
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...Introduction Ulmus americana, more commonly known as the American elm, is a large tree native to the prairie region. One of the most abundant species of prairie cities, it is a large contributor to our urban forests. This species along with several others within the genus Ulmus are threatened by Dutch elm disease. Dutch elm disease is a fungal disease caused by a pathogen known as Ophiostoma ulmi. In the prairie region Spores of this fungus are spread by the native elm bark beetle. The city of Lethbridge has managed to avoid the ravages of Dutch elm disease. However, this disease remains a constant threat. The intention of this paper is to analyse DED, the impacts it could have and possible solutions. Analysis will focus on six topics; including; political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and technology. The ramifications of Dutch elm disease can be drastic unless knowledge and awareness are a priority and intervention remains vigilant. Symptoms and Identification Dutch elm disease begins with visual symptoms, first is a wilting of the leaves which leads to yellowing, browning and necrosis (Haugen, 1998.) The entrance point of the fungus will determine the pattern of symptom progression, for example; if the upper crown is infected first, symptoms will appear at the end of an individual branch and progress downward into the crown (Haugen, 1998.) DED is able to infect multiple branches at one time leading to unsightly die-offs in the crown; symptoms usually...
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...The reading passage explains about how the zebra mussel population dominates other fresh water aquatic fishes and also how inexorable the mussel species. However, the lecturer refutes this and he uses other information and he says that the mussels can easily be controlled and the passage is exaggerating about the mussel. According to the professor the mussels were wouldn’t controlled because of lack of proper knowledge to deal with them. But now that’s not the case anymore. He explains that how zebra mussel population can be desisted across the European canal. The passage says that human transportation like ships are primary sources of invasion of mussels in the North American waters. As the ship uses Ballast water to balance the ship, the...
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...Various approaches are used to determine wildlife presence-absence data while other sampling methods help to quantify abundance. Presence-absence methods allow researchers to determine if a species is found in a particular area, in addition to whether the species is restricted to or dependent upon a distinct habitat or spatial arrangement. Examples of presence-absence methods include: analyzing tracks or imprints, tracking tubes, anecdotal reports, and consulting historical records or museum samples. Abundance estimates provide researchers with the number of individuals of a species within an area. Techniques to quantify abundance include: cameras, transects, point counts, road-kill surveys, numerous trapping methods, and several tracking devices. Presence-absence data collection tends to be considerably less expensive than abundance data collection; however, abundance data provides more information. Tracks refer to the imprints left behind by an animal after it walks over a substrate. While tracks do not provide a reliable estimate of density, they do, however, indicate that a species is present in a particular area. A drawback of utilizing tracks to determine presence-absence is that they are not preserved for long periods of time. Depending on the environment, tracks can be damaged or destroyed if say a climatic event like a thunderstorm blows through. Tracks also have a high error rate depending on the species being sampled as some tracks are more difficult to...
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