...INTRODUCTION: The budget preparation phase starts with the Development Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC). It is headed by the DBM Secretary and its members are the Secretary of Finance, the NEDA Director-General, and the Bangko Sentral Governor, with the Office of the President for general oversight. The NEDA provides the over-all macro-economic assumptions with which budgetary levels are to be determined. They involve the projected Gross National Product (GNP) real growth rates, inflation rates, 91-day treasury bill rates, the London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR) rates, foreign exchange rates, population growth, and other economic parameters. The Department of Finance (DOF), the Bureau of the Treasury, the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Bureau of Customs help the DBCC in determining the sources of financing. They project the revenues that will be generated for the budget year as well as the borrowings that may have to be tapped. The DBCC determines the overall economic targets, expenditure levels, the revenue projection, deficit levels and the financing plan. It submits them to the President and the Cabinet for approval. Once these are approved, the DBM issues the Budget Call. This requires agencies to prepare their budgets in accordance with the said guidelines, macro-economic assumptions, and ceilings. The DBM spells out guidelines, procedures, and timetables. Agencies undertake their own internal consultations. They rank programs, projects and activities using...
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...Greenlight Accounting, LLC [pic] Executive Summary Thorough documentation for individual and small firms is an essential element in financial record keeping and tax filing. Personal income from investments, land, compensations, employment, dividends, and interest can sometimes be an over burdensome task for an individual or family to manage and keep track with throughout the year. For businesses, it’s imperative all transactions be logged with accurate bookkeeping and that taxes stay filed in a timely manner to ensure the efficiency of the organization remains intact. Greenlight Accounting is that face-to-face, personal touch and military friendly accounting firm ready to assist with the most miniscule task associated in the process for all Federal, State and local compliances at low affordable and comparable rates. Expanding this one step further is the benefit of green accounting, which is also a service we will be providing, but one that is considered fairly new to the business world, as well as the accounting arena. Table of Contents I. Background and Green Marketing Product Strategy 4 II. Objectives, Pricing, and Goals 5 III. Strategic Plan 5 IV. Marketing Strategy 7 V. Competitive Analysis 9 VI. Customer Analysis 10 VII. Selling Tactics 10 VIII. Evaluation 11 IX. Conclusion 11 References 12 ...
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...construction of $2,100,000 and $780,000 for plant equipment. At this point it would appear that with a proposed budget limit of $2,750,000 set by the company’s Board of Directors that we are on target with an estimated total budget of $2,633,532 for the Huntsville Plant Project. As you can see we don’t have very much room (budgetary) for any missteps therefore, it will be necessary for very member of the team monitor and control individual budgets and areas of responsibility. Within the Huntsville project is divided into key project phases and probably the most important phase to ensure the success of the entire project is the planning phase. There a few critical deliverables that must be completed within the ten weeks set aside for planning. Just to point out a few key “must happens” such as; procure the plant’s worksite, obtain all needed permits and approvals and the selection of an general contractor not to say we can relax or slack on any part of the project’s tight budget and schedules, again the planning phase is only ten weeks with a budget of only $285,754 the project’s first test. After the planning phase is the preparation phase were the project is really defined and it is critical to the success of the project that the entire team stay focus on their assigned tasks and the big picture, completion of the Huntsville project on budget and on schedule. We have a budget of $1,822,442 and 47 weeks to prepare the worksite and complete building the new plant. If, we are to...
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...covered in detail in chapters one and two. Budgetary control is defined by the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants (CIMA) as: "The establishment of budgets relating the responsibilities of executives to the requirements of a policy, and the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results, either to secure by individual action the objective of that policy, or to provide a basis for its revision". Chapter objectives This chapter is intended to provide: marketing as a key marketing control technique An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of budgeting Structure of the chapter Of all business activities, budgeting is one of the most important and, therefore, requires detailed attention. The chapter looks at the concept of responsibility centres, and the advantages and disadvantages of budgetary control. It then goes on to look at the detail of budget construction and the use to which budgets can be put. Like all management tools, the chapter highlights the need for detailed information, if the technique is to be used to its fullest advantage. Budgetary control methods a) Budget: activities in a given period of time. -ordinate the activities of the organisation. An example would be an advertising budget or sales force budget. b) Budgetary control: can either exercise control action or revise the original budgets. Budgetary control and responsibility centres; These enable managers to monitor organisational functions. A responsibility centre can be defined as...
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...have Over 6 years of experience in group financial accounting & Financial Management in varied industry area including month end and year end consolidated reports, balance sheet reconciliation, fixed asset maintenance, budgeting and forecasting, GST/BAS and payroll tax, cash flow reporting and variance analysis. As my resume highlights, I have expertise in range of accounting areas, including the following: * Reconciliation and expense reporting * Budget creation, cost analysis, and forecasting * Vendor relations * Accounts payable and accounts receivable * Financial statements and preparation * Business accounting process improvements * Month-end analysis and reconciliation * Non-profit accounting principles * Microsoft office and leading financial software * Reporting and documentation * General ledger audits and entries My key job responsibilities in my present capacity as senior accountant include, among others, the following: * Prepare and submit annual budget. * Audit expenses & adjust for allowable reimbursements. * Management of grant accounting activities; monitoring and submitting detailed reports of financial activities to grant donors; keeping a track of incoming funds and preparing monthly income statements vs. outgoing expenses spreadsheets. * Evaluate effectiveness of business processes and give recommendations for improvement. My strong communication skills...
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...SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 9 BUDGET PREPARATION Nature of Budget Budgets are an important tool for effective short-term planning and control in organization. An Operating Budget usually covers one year and states the revenue and expenses planned for that year. It has certain characteristics like: * A budget estimates the profit potential of the business unit. * It is stated in monetary terms, although the monetary amounts may be backed by the non-monetary items like units produce and sold. * It generally covers a period of one year except the seasonal businesses. * It is a management commitment that managers agree to accept responsibility for attaining the budgeted objectives. * The budget proposal is reviewed and approved by an authority higher than the person preparing the budgets. * Once approved the budgets can be changed only under specified conditions. * Periodically, actual financial performance is compared to budget, and variances are analyzed and explained. * The budget is different from strategic planning and forecasting. Uses of Budget Preparation of an operating budget has four principal purposes. 1. Fine Tuning the Strategic Plan: * The strategic plan of the last year can help the managers in preparation of the budgets. * And budget preparation also provides an opportunity to make decisions that will improve performance before a commitment is made. 2. Coordination: * Every responsibility center manager participates...
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...Selling Prices: It helps the management in fixing selling prices of products or services by providing detailed cost information. 5. Helps in Inventory Control: It helps in inventory by using various techniques such as ABC analysis, Economic Order Quantity, Stock levels, Perpetual Inventory system and Continuous Stock Taking, Inventory Turnover Ratio etc. 6. Helps in Cost reduction: It helps in the introduction of cost reduction programme and finding out new and improved method to reduce costs. 7. Helps in measurements of Efficiency: It helps in measurements of efficiency of operations through establishment of standards and variance analysis. 8. Helps in preparation of Budgets: It helps in the preparation of various budgets such as Sales Budget, Production Budget, Purchase Budget, Man-Power Budget, Overheads budget. 9. Helps in identifying Unprofitable Activities: It helps in identifying unprofitable activities so that the necessary...
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...Perform other duties as assigned Katmai Government Services, Anchorage, Alaska 2011-2013 Role player/foreign language specialist • Trained soldiers through military mission and situational exercises that enable soldiers’ battalions to interact under various conditions • Replicated various roles and groups of people representing possible situations military battalions may face during deployment • Adapted the cultural appearance, dress, language, behavior and manner of speech of the assigned characters • Conform to the Safety Plan and Quality Plan to accept responsibility in helping to achieve customer satisfaction • Facilitated realistic training in preparation for real-world events and scenarios the unit will likely encounter during contingency operations •...
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...OF THE BUDGETTING Budget is a combinations of company activities within which a company coordinate to a common plan for future period. The budget is not something that originates 'from nothing' each 'year - it is developed within the context of ongoing business and is ruled by previous decisions that have been taken within the long-term planning process. When activities are initially approved for inclusion in the long-term plan, they are based on uncertain estimates that are projected for several years. These proposals must be reviewed and revised in the light of more recent information. This review and revision process frequently takes place as part of the annual budgeting process, and it may result in important decisions being taken on possible activity adjustments within the current budget period. The budgeting process cannot therefore be viewed as being purely concerned with the current year - it must be considered as an integrated part of the long-term planning process. The conventional approach is that once a year the manager of each budget centre prepares a detailed budget for one year. For control purposes, the budget is divided into either 12 monthly or 13 four-weekly periods. The preparation of budgets on an annual basis has been strongly criticized on the grounds that it is too rigid and ties a company to a 12 month commitment, which can be risky because the budget is based on uncertain forecasts. (Drury C (2008)) Stages for preparation of budget According to Drury...
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...accounting principles • Ensure that all financial transactions are handled and processed in-line with the approved policies and procedures. • Oversee the daily operations of the finance department • Prepare the monthly financial reports with all needed financial and costing analysis comparing with Budget and KPIs. • Manage the preparation of the official annual report of actual revenues, transfers, and expenses. • Manage the preparation of financial outlooks and financial forecasts in coordination with the CFO. • Ensure that the company are continuously keeping sufficient fund to fulfill its financial obligation by preparing monthly cash flow forecast. Monitor the actual cash flow against forecast and take the necessary measure to remedy variances. • Direct and coordinate debt financing and debt service payments with external agencies and monitor terms, conditions and covenants and ensure compliance with the same. • Prepare financial analysis for contract negotiations and product investment decisions. • Ensure compliance with local, state, and federal budgetary reporting requirements. • Lead and coordinate with all other department the preparation of annual operating budget and developing 3-10 years business plans for the company. • Recommend benchmarks for measuring the financial and operating performance of divisions and departments. • Establish and implement short- and long-range departmental goals, objectives, policies, and operating procedures. • Design, establish...
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...Budget Management Analysis John Thorpe HCS/571 April 13, 2014 Professor: Amy Reed Budget Management and Variance Analysis Healthcare organizations are faced with severe financial pressures resulting in extreme budget cuts. Consequently, nurse managers and financial managers are tasked with the responsibility of doing more with less while maintaining the high quality of care offered to its consumers. To accomplish the aforementioned tasks, managers use budgetary tools to help them focus on controlling cost while running an efficient operation. Budgeting gives managers the tools necessary to ensure the availability of required resources to meet the organization’s goals and objectives, communicate strategies and monitor results (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2007). Finkler, Kovner & Jones (2007) offer that budgeting should be used to make the organization become more effective and efficient. It is not a tool for maintaining the status quo. Organizations use different approaches to introducing the budgetary process. Some organizations take the current year's budget update it for inflation and projected revenue growth. Others take a clean slate approach; compel managers to justify their expenses and staffing needs on an annual basis. Still other organizations forecast revenue and profit and assign expense rates to departments. However, the most effective budget is one that reflects the true financial position of the organization, provides flexibility and monitored...
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...division’s efforts into the company’s objectives. The company was divided into divisions which were then divided into departments, namely Marketing and Manufacturing, to be able to practice control over smaller units that were easier to evaluate according to function. In budget preparation, sales forecasts were made at the corporate headquarters to ensure that all divisions had the same assumptions and that forecasts were reasonable and achievable. This would then be given to division general managers who would cross check this with data prepared by his subordinate district sales managers. This would then be submitted to the corporate level for approval. Once approved, budget was broken down into plant level sales budgets. Plant budgets were then submitted to the division head office for approval. One problem in Vershire’s set-up was the unequal delegation of responsibilities, with plant managers having to account for more than just plant operations. Manufacturing departments were treated as profit centers. To illustrate, a budgeted profit was set upon approval of the sales forecasts. If sales fell below the projected sales level, it was the plant manager who was held accountable. Second, if the plant budget submitted to the division head office did not match the management’s expectations, plant managers were asked to revise and look for additional savings. Lastly, unforeseen circumstances, such as rush orders,...
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...Table of contents Introduction 12 Body 13 3.1 Explain the purpose and nature of budgeting process which should normally be taken in the preparation of budgets for Glentruan Furniture Ltd. 13 Budget 13 Purpose and nature of budget 15 Purpose 15 Nature 15 3.2 Select appropriate budgeting methods for new product line and its need. 16 Incremental budget 16 Zero based budget 16 Different between zero based budgeting and incremental budget 16 Fixed budget 17 Flexible budget 17 Different between fixed and flexible budget 17 Functional budget 18 Sales budget 18 Production budget 18 Direct material usage budget 18 Direct material purchase budget 18 Direct labor budget 18 Factory overhead budget 18 Selling and administration budget 18 Cash budget 19 Master budget 19 3.3 Prepare budgets according to the chosen budgeting methods based on the given information in the scenario. 20 Sales budget 20 Production budget 22 Direct material usage budget 23 Direct material purchase budget 26 Direct labor budget 28 Factory overhead budget 30 Selling and administration budget 34 Departmental budget 35 3.4 Also prepare a cash budget. 38 Cash budget 38 Master budget 42 Budgeted profit and loss 42 Budgeted balance sheet 43 Final review 46 Budget committee 47 Working capital 47 Liquidity ratio 47 ROCE 47 4.1 Calculate variances, identify possible causes and recommend corrective action. 48 4.2 Prepare and operating statement...
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...I agree to the statement “Management of any business will be ineffective without the preparation and use of budgets”. What is budgeting? Budgeting is the continuous cycle of planning and evaluation used by a company in order to achieve the stated goals and objectives of the organization. The process of allocating a finite amount of resources to the prioritized needs of the organization and a tool we use to control spending decisions. An entrepreneur needs to plan for his business’ future and he/she must plan for the future. Budgets usually show a clear representation of how the business wishes to spend their funds in the future. Many businesses create budgets on an annual basis in order to carefully outline the expected requirements of various departments in the company. With the annual budget process it also reduces the amount of time businesses spend for the creation and management of capital. While larger companies accountants or other professionals have employed to create a business budget, small business owners are usually responsible for the implementation of this feature alone. “A budget is just a method of worrying before you spend money, as well as afterward." (NA, 2013) The role of budgeting in the management of a company is very effective when it is related to the fundamentals of management. The many existing definitions of the operations usually expressed in terms of the five main functions: planning, organizing, staffing, management and control. Management must...
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...CHAPTER 8 NOTES COURSE OBJECTIVE D: Prepare a master budget and use the information in it to analyze the results of operations. This chapter will examine in detail the preparation of a master budget, including schedules for sales, collections, cost of sales, payments, operating expenses, a cash budget, and budgeted income statement and balance sheet. It will discuss the purposes and uses of budgets for managers. Profit planning involves the preparation of a number of budgets, integrated as the master budget, that outline what will be necessary for the organization to achieve its profit goals. A budget is a quantitative plan to acquire and use resources in a specific time period. • Planning: develop goals and prepare budgets. • Control: managers ensure that the goals are achieved in a cost efficient manner. • See Chapter 2: planning and control cycle – particularly Exhibit 2-1. Why should an organization prepare a budget? 1. Communication: everyone in the organization will be aware of the goals and plans, and their part in them. 2. Planning: avoid “putting out fires,” that is, crises caused by no foresight. Managers must think and plan ahead formally. 3. Resource allocation: Resources are always limited. Which projects will be funded? Where can the organization’s limited resources be used most effectively? 4. Constraints: (Bottlenecks) identify these before they become a reason for goals to be missed. (See Chapters 2, 12) ...
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