...Research Ethics The slides states three basic ethical principles for the protection of human subjects: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Guidelines of Ethical Research: Do no harm to subjects, voluntary participation and informed consent, researchers must disclose their identity to participants, confidentiality , and the benefits should outweigh risks. Including the Certificate of Confidentiality (High risk populations, Child abuse and neglect must be reported, Other types of abuse must be reported as well). The importance of encouragement of appropriate applications. Relevant questions must be asked. How will research results be used? What are the personal values of researcher? What are sources of research funding? Who controls the final report? There must be attempts to resolve any dilemmas in a contract., Also an acknowledge of funding sources in the report. Validity is very important to research. Relevant to Validity: Impartial knowledge (the goal), Justifies use of human subjects, Disclose methods, Honestly present findings , Publication in refereed journals, Generalization and Replication.(Check/Schutt), Research Methods in Education. 2012 SAGE Publications. The history of research was the initial topic of the slides. Stanley Milgram's Obedience Experiment of 1960 (Yale University) Concerned with the study of obedience to authority. Milgram's study illustrated many common ethical issues. Nuremberg War Crime Trials and the...
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...The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) certificate was essential to obtain for my role as a professional nurse. It is essential for our genetic codes to be researched so that the information that is gathered and learned can be utilized to help those with illnesses such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’ Disease or cancer’s in the future. Individuals suffering with these illnesses will benefit from this type of research that is being done, if not in the present definitely in the future. Also ethical issues such as stem cell research or genetic cloning are other issues to be researched and discussed in the health care profession. These ethical issues will continue to be talked about and debated, by individuals for or against this type...
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...Research with human subjects has a long and often troubled history in the United States (U.S.) and throughout the world. Chances are you already have heard of some of the most egregious and well-known examples of unethical research in the biomedical sciences, such as the experiments conducted by Nazi doctors and scientists on concentration camp prisoners during World War II, and the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) study titled "Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male" (Tuskegee Study). These abuses led to the creation of codes of research ethics in Europe and the U.S. In the wake of the Second World War, the subsequent Nuremberg Trials on war crimes produced the Nuremberg Code, which outlined ten points for conducting ethical research with human subjects. Nearly two decades later, the World Medical Association (WMA) developed a code of research ethics known as the Declaration of Helsinki, published in 1964 and subsequently revised. This document is built on both the Nuremberg Code and the physician's code of ethics known as the Declaration of Geneva. In the U.S., news that researchers deceived and withheld treatment from subjects who suffered from syphilis in the Tuskegee Study led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (National Commission or "the Commission"). The Commission was charged with establishing a code of research ethics for U.S. research involving human subjects. In 1979...
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...Research with human subjects has a long and often troubled history in the U.S. and throughout the world. Chances are you have already heard of some of the most egregious—and famous—examples of unethical research in the biomedical sciences, such as the experiments conducted by Nazi doctors and scientists on concentration camp prisoners during World War II and the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service. These abuses led to the creation of codes of research ethics in Europe and the U.S. In the wake of the Second World War, the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials on war crimes produced the Nuremberg Code, which outlined ten points for conducting ethical research with human subjects. Nearly two decades later, the World Medical Association developed a code of research ethics, known as the Declaration of Helsinki, published in 1964 and subsequently revised. This document built on both the Nuremberg Code and physicians' code of ethics known as the Declaration of Geneva by adapting the existing guidelines to address the growing field of clinical research. In the U.S., news that researchers deceived and withheld treatment from subjects in the Tuskegee Study, led to the creation of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The National Commission was charged with the establishing a code of research ethics for U.S. research with human subjects. In 1979, the Commission issued the...
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...chose one of his graduate students, Mary Tudor, to conduct the experiment and he supervised her research. After placing the children in control and experimental groups, Tudor gave positive speech therapy to half of the children, praising the fluency of their speech, and negative speech therapy to the other half, belittling the children for every speech imperfection and telling them they were stutterers. Many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects and some retained speech problems during the course of their life. Dubbed “The Monster Study” by some of Johnson’s peers who were horrified that he would experiment on orphan children to prove a theory, the experiment was kept hidden for fear Johnson’s reputation would be tarnished in the wake of human experiments conducted by the Nazis during World War II. The University of Iowa publicly apologized for the Monster Study in 2001. In this case, special obligations in human subject research and openness is being violated since humans are being used in the experiment and its even kept a secret to the public which is inhuman since some experienced psychological problems. 2. While animal experimentation can be incredibly helpful in understanding man, and developing lifesaving drugs, there have been experiments which go well beyond the realms of ethics. The monkey drug trials of 1969 were one such case. In this experiment, a large group of monkeys...
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...GCU's Colangelo College of Busines has embraced three distinctive pillars that set the stage for students to be driven, successful leaders. Servant leadership, entrepreneurship and innovation are the pillars upon which the Colangelo College of Business is grounded. The mission of GCU is to challenge and inspire students to be servant leades and these pillars help set the foundation for academic success. The catapault in which to have students launch into a fruitful career relies upon an entreprenuerial spirit while exemplifying the values of servant leadership. A closer look at each of the pillars can shed light into the correlation each pillar has with one another. Entrepreneurial Spirit Jerry Colangelo is a businessman and a visionary whose inspirational work ethic and drive provided GCU a platform in which to inspire future leaders. Mr. Colangelo believed that an entrepreneurial spirit is key to success. One should be willing to take risks, and the most successful persons are risk takers. Additionally, one must maintain integrity at all times (Colangelo, 1999). An entrepreneur is one who creates a business and is willing to take full accountability for the success or failure of the company. Economic growth is dependant upon entrepreneurial activity, but it is imperative that the entrant is able to sustain the process from fledgling company to one of a successful corporation. There is a hybrid model that addressed this issue. There is research that suggests the success...
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...GCU's Colangelo College of Busines has embraced three distinctive pillars that set the stage for students to be driven, successful leaders. Servant leadership, entrepreneurship and innovation are the pillars upon which the Colangelo College of Business is grounded. The mission of GCU is to challenge and inspire students to be servant leades and these pillars help set the foundation for academic success. The catapault in which to have students launch into a fruitful career relies upon an entreprenuerial spirit while exemplifying the values of servant leadership. A closer look at each of the pillars can shed light into the correlation each pillar has with one another. Entrepreneurial Spirit Jerry Colangelo is a businessman and a visionary whose inspirational work ethic and drive provided GCU a platform in which to inspire future leaders. Mr. Colangelo believed that an entrepreneurial spirit is key to success. One should be willing to take risks, and the most successful persons are risk takers. Additionally, one must maintain integrity at all times (Colangelo, 1999). An entrepreneur is one who creates a business and is willing to take full accountability for the success or failure of the company. Economic growth is dependant upon entrepreneurial activity, but it is imperative that the entrant is able to sustain the process from fledgling company to one of a successful corporation. There is a hybrid model that addressed this issue. There is research that suggests the success...
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...2/20/2010 Satyam shows B-schools too need a co… Enter Keyword S ATU RD A Y , F EB RU A RY 2 0 , 2 0 1 0 1 :1 6 P M IST LOUNGE HOME | e-paper | TODA Y'S NEWSPA PER | mint CODE Travel Books Culture Style Play Slideshows Insider Parenting P os ted: M on, J an 1 2 2 0 0 9 . 2 :1 9 A M I ST Corporate News E mail del.ic io.us digg news V ine P rint Satyam shows B-schools too need a code of ethics Most of the people primarily involved in the Satyam scam have a connection with reputed business schools Business Case | Premchand Palety font s ize Livemint Home ADVERTISEMENT The Satyam Computer Services Ltd scandal has show n w hat bad corporate governance can lead to. It w ill take some time before the story of the fraud unfolds fully but as of now, it seems to be much more serious than just the w indow dressing of the balance sheet. Probably Satyam created its contradiction in the true sense w ith Maytas Properties Ltd and Blogs Videos Radio Special Report Mint Reports Webcast Archive Partners Wall Street Journal Tools Mint Mobile RSS Feeds RSS Story mint e-paper Email Alerts Festival Contest Daily Newsletter Follow us on Twitter Follow us on Facebook ADVERTISEMENT Maytas Infra Ltd, and money w as siphoned off from the computer software services firm to buy real estate and bribe politicians that eventually led to its fall. In the process, shareholders’ w ealth and confidence have been devastated. The management has put the careers of its...
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...Eric Thongori | Mr. Njagi | Date Issued | Completion Date | Submitted on | 4TH September 2013 | 21/1/2025 | 28/1/2015 | Qualification | Unit | BTEC LEVEL 3 EXTENDED DIPLOMA IN BUSINES | UNIT 37 UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS ETHICS | Assignment Title | | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | Criteria Reference | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | Task no: | Page numbers: | P1 | Explain the ethical issues a business needs to consider in its operational activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Learner Declaration | I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.Learner Signature: Date: 27/1/2015 | Introduction Task 1 (P1): Explain the ethical issues a business needs to consider in its operational activities. Business Ethics is the moral principles of the right and wrong things that an organization can do. The aims are controlled by organizations within the business, for example, Social services/a private business. An honorable behavior is behavior of right or wrong. Business moral values include the practices and behaviors’ (good or bad) within the organization. Business managers in these organizations create decisions...
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...Reflective Commentary Infosys In today’s world organizations are having trouble to maintain long term sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility is most vital component which helps organizations to benefit themselves while also benefiting the society. CSR is an internal built in process by which organizations manage business process and make efficient use of the resources. It helps to balance the business in terms of economics and social goals. It monitors all business processes. Corporate Social Responsibility by definition, as given by Baker (2004) is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. In this essay I would like to discuss about various Corporate Social Responsibilities policies incorporated by Infosys Limited, India. Infosys is multinational provider of business consulting, technology, engineering, and outsourcing services. Corporate Governance and Shareholders Corporate governance is now focusing on creating a value for shareholder. The shareholders delegate decision making authority to the managers assuming that the managers will take actions which will best suite the shareholders interest. The core objective of corporate governance is to maintain long term relationship with shareholders. A good corporate governance is implemented to ensure: (i) independent and proactive...
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...Should CSR be used as a Marketing Tool by Producers in the Cosmetics Industry? ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to prove that CSR can be used as a positive approach in the area of marketing and promotion, particularly in the cosmetic industry. The paper substantiates this hypothesis by drawing on theory from scholarly articles and literature and analysing data from annual reports. A portion of the research is dedicated to the Body Shop, based on analysis of their annual reports, as well as the reaction of different stakeholder groups based on several literatures. The paper finds that there are positives and negatives in using CSR and promoting it using marketing depending on the consumers’ perceptions. It also finds that there exists an information asymmetry between producers and consumers in terms of CSR for their products. The paper supports previous ideas that CSR is useful in benefitting the company brand and value and that it can also be used to influence a consumer’s purchase decision of the cosmetics. INTRODUCTION In conceptual theory, CSR is how a company incorporates “social, environmental and economic issues into their values and business operations in a transparent and accountable manner” (FAITC, 2012). In simple terms, CSR is the actions that a company undertakes or doesn’t undertake during their business functions to benefit society and their stakeholders. There are many arguments for and against CSR and also differing views on whether it actually “pays”...
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...Kodak vs. Fujifilm Me Professor Swinney Strayer University January 19, 2014 Abstract I began writing to show how business can quickly go out of business, if the owners do not keep an eye on its public. Kodak failed to meet its customer’s needs, so the company could not keep up with demand. I have gone shopping and found myself searching for an item I have seen advertised in another store. Only to be told that the item is out of stock or the store does not carry that product. This is what happens when supply does not keep up with demand. The company goes under, under the strain of their competitor’s pro activeness. Kodak needed to make changes sooner rather than later when their management made decisions that could help or hurt Kodak. Fuji constantly made changes and made the necessary changes to meet their customer’s needs. As a business owner being able to reach and understand each customer will help in sells so profits will rise. Many people continue to shop where products are cheap and convenient. Staying in business is like knowing and meeting different people with different wants and needs and then helping them with finding an inexpensive means of finding them. That is the nature of business and a way to keep a customer satisfied. Building a relationship with customers is the most important aspect in business. If the business does not speak directly to its customer’s...
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...Enterprise Risk Management link. • Click MORE. • Select the Download (English) the free executive summary link. Research additional information in the Guidance and Resources sections at the COSO website. View the Riordan virtual organization. Create a corporate compliance plan consisting of no more than 2,450 words for Riordan. Focus your plan on managing the legal liability of officers and directors of Riordan. The plan must also address how to handle situations when laws are violated or in question (such as when to call in legal counsel, what rights the employees have, or who to turn to when actions are taken against Riordan). Your plan must also include the following: • Enterprise liability • Real and intellectual property • Governance principles of regulatory compliance requirements • The specific international laws or aspects of the law that must be adhered to by Riordan and an outline of these steps for employees to adhere to these laws Format your Corporate Compliance Plan as if you were going to distribute this to the officers and directors of Riordan. Outline the prevention and management guidelines of the legal aspects listed above. Implement enterprise risk management based on the COSO’s 8 interrelated components. COSO can be used to structure your plan. Be sure to incorporate key concepts from your readings where appropriate. You need to research requirements...
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...Citigroup: Restoring Ethics and Image Before Growth Charles Prince, CEO of Citigroup, is facing a daunting challenge as the head of the largest financial services organization in world. He has joined a company that has experienced significant regulatory scrutiny and that has been linked to the biggest scandals in corporate history. Unfortunately for Prince, the problems are pervasive throughout most of Citigroup’s diverse service offerings. In March 2005, Prince announced his strategy to transform the financial giant and to provide a new direction for the future. He called it the “Five Point Ethics Plan” to: improve training, enhance focus on talent and development, balance performance appraisals and compensation, improve communications, and strengthen controls. Due to the size and complexity of the organization, there were significant unresolved questions. How could the plan be effectively revealed? Would the plan be strong enough to change the culture of the entire organization? How should the corporate communications department handle both the initial and long-term communication of this plan to major stakeholders? About Citigroup Incorporated in 1998, Citigroup Inc. is a diversified global financial services holding company providing services to consumer and corporate customers. The company has approximately 141,000 full-time and 7,000 part-time employees in the United States and 146,000 full-time employees in more than 100 countries outside the United States. All of Citigroup’s...
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...Critical Analysis: "The Social Responsibility of Busine Critical Analysis of "The Social Responsibility of Business" from Milton Friedman In this essay I evaluate Milton Friedman’s essay: “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits” in 1970, on the Social Responsibility of a business and his theory, which is called the “Efficiency Perspective”. In every article and book that I have read about social responsibility, Friedman’s “Efficiency Perspective is placed centrally. During my research I found that Friedman is often criticised for being too classical. Friedman believes that manager’s foremost objective or even moral obligation to the firm should be to maximise profits always. There is however one condition that makes his perspective more complicated, not only for me, but also for several well-known authors. According to Friedman, the managers obligations should be carried out: “…while conforming to the basic rules of the society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom”. This leads to one of the main questions of my essay: To what extent does Friedman’s “Efficiency Perspective” give foundation for responsible and moral international management behaviour? And need we any concern if it fails to do so? To fully answer the questions, I first need to explain the two different parts of the first question: responsible international management behaviour and moral international management behaviour. In businesses nowadays they...
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